High-Fat, Western-Style Diet, Systemic Inflammation, and Gut Microbiota: A Narrative Review

Cells, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(11), P. 3164 - 3164

Published: Nov. 14, 2021

The gut microbiota is responsible for recovering energy from food, providing hosts with vitamins, and a barrier function against exogenous pathogens. In addition, it involved in maintaining the integrity of intestinal epithelial barrier, crucial functional maturation immune system. Western diet (WD)—an unhealthy high consumption fats—can be broadly characterized by overeating, frequent snacking, prolonged postprandial state. term WD commonly known intuitively understood. However, strict digital expression nutrient ratios not precisely defined. Based on US data 1908–1989, calory intake available fats increased 32% to 45%. Besides metabolic aspects (hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, sympathetic nervous system renin-angiotensin overstimulation, oxidative stress), consequences excessive fat (high-fat diet—HFD) comprise dysbiosis, dysfunction, permeability, leakage toxic bacterial metabolites into circulation. These can strongly contribute development low-grade systemic inflammation. This narrative review highlights most important recent advances linking HFD-driven dysbiosis HFD-related inflammation, presents pathomechanisms these phenomena, examines possible causative relationship between pro-inflammatory status changes.

Language: Английский

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Overview of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and the Role of Sugary Food Consumption and Other Dietary Components in Its Development

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(5), P. 1442 - 1442

Published: April 24, 2021

NAFLD is the world's most common chronic liver disease, and its increasing prevalence parallels global rise in diabetes obesity. It characterised by fat accumulation evolving to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), an inflammatory subtype that can lead fibrosis cirrhosis. Currently, there no effective pharmacotherapeutic treatment for NAFLD. Treatment therefore based on lifestyle modifications including changes diet exercise, although it unclear what form of intervention is. The aim this review, then, discuss role specific nutrients effects different dietary interventions well established unhealthy rich calories, sugars, saturated fats low polyunsaturated fatty acids, fibre, micronutrients plays a critical development progression disease. However, few clinical trials have evaluated nutrition We, therefore, summarise currently known about macronutrients, foods, patterns prevention treatment. Most current guidelines recommend low-calorie, plant-based diets, such as Mediterranean diet, pattern treat More are required, however, identify best evidence-based approach.

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiota Turicibacter strains differentially modify bile acids and host lipids

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: June 20, 2023

Bacteria from the Turicibacter genus are prominent members of mammalian gut microbiota and correlate with alterations in dietary fat body weight, but specific connections between these symbionts host physiology poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, we characterize a diverse set mouse- human-derived isolates, find they group into clades that differ their transformations bile acids. We identify salt hydrolases confer strain-specific differences deconjugation. Using male female gnotobiotic mice, colonization individual strains leads to changes acid profiles, generally aligning those produced vitro. Further, colonizing mice another bacterium exogenously expressing bile-modifying genes decreases serum cholesterol, triglycerides, adipose tissue mass. This identifies enable modify acids lipid metabolism, positions bacteria as modulators biology.

Language: Английский

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The Interplay between Insulin Resistance, Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, Base Excision Repair and Metabolic Syndrome in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(20), P. 11128 - 11128

Published: Oct. 15, 2021

One of the most common chronic liver disorders, affecting mainly people in Western countries, is nonalcoholic fatty disease (NAFLD). Unfortunately, its pathophysiological mechanism not fully understood, and no dedicated treatment available. Simple steatosis can lead to steatohepatitis even fibrosis, cancer, cirrhosis liver. NAFLD very often occurs parallel with type 2 diabetes mellitus obese people. Furthermore, it much more likely develop patients metabolic syndrome (MS), whose criteria include abdominal obesity, elevated blood triacylglycerol level, reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased pressure, high fasting glucose. An important phenomenon MS also insulin resistance (IR), which NAFLD. Liver IR development are linked through an interaction between accumulation free acids, hepatic inflammation, oxidative stress. The particularly exposed levels reactive oxygen species due a large number mitochondria hepatocytes. In these organelles, main DNA repair pathway base excision (BER). present article will illustrate how impairment BER may be related

Language: Английский

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Tea Polyphenol Epigallocatechin Gallate Protects Against Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Associated Endotoxemia in Rats via Modulating Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis and Alleviating Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction and Related Inflammation

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 12, 2024

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by fat accumulation and inflammation. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) has been proven to be effective against NAFLD, but its hepatoprotective mechanisms based on the "gut microbiota-barrier-liver axis" are still not fully understood. Herein, results demonstrated that EGCG effectively ameliorated NAFLD phenotypes metabolic disorders in rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD), inhibited intestinal barrier dysfunction inflammation, which also supported experiment of Caco-2 cells. Moreover, could restore gut microbiota diversity composition, particularly promoting beneficial microbes, including short-chain acids (SCFAs) producers, such as Lactobacillus, suppressing Gram-negative bacteria, Desulfovibrio. The microbial modulation raised SCFA levels, decreased lipopolysaccharide TLR4/NF-κB pathway, strengthened function via Nrf2 pathway activation, thereby alleviating steatosis Spearman's correlation analysis showed 24 key OTUs, negatively or positively associated with disorders, were reshaped EGCG. Our suggested combinative improvement dysbiosis, dysfunction, inflammation might potential therapeutic target for NAFLD.

Language: Английский

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A Comprehensive Review of the Triangular Relationship among Diet–Gut Microbiota–Inflammation

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(17), P. 9366 - 9366

Published: Aug. 29, 2024

The human gastrointestinal tract hosts a complex and dynamic community of microorganisms known as the gut microbiota, which play pivotal role in numerous physiological processes, including digestion, metabolism, immune function. Recent research has highlighted significant impact diet on microbiota composition functionality, consequential effects host health. Concurrently, there is growing evidence linking to inflammation, key factor many chronic diseases such inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular (CVDs). This review explores how dietary components influence composition, these microbial changes affect pathways, therapeutic implications modulating this axis for prevention management. Beneficial patterns, Mediterranean (MD) plant-based diets, promote diverse balanced supporting anti-inflammatory pathways. Conversely, Western (WD), high saturated fats refined sugars, associated with dysbiosis increased inflammation. With all links between three variables considered, attempts offer thorough examination triangle formed by food.

Language: Английский

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Macrophages in the Aging Liver and Age-Related Liver Disease

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Nov. 30, 2018

The number of individuals aged 65 or older is projected to increase globally from 524 million in 2010 nearly 1. 5 billion 2050. Aged are particularly at risk for developing chronic illness, while being less able regenerate healthy tissue and tolerate whole organ transplantation procedures. In the liver, these age-related diseases include non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, alcoholic hepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis. Hepatic macrophages, a population comprised both Kupffer cells infiltrating monocyte derived implicated several also play important roles homeostatic functions liver. effects aging on hepatic macrophage dynamics, polarization, function not well understood. Studies performed macrophages other sources, such as bone marrow, peritoneal cavity, lungs, brain, demonstrate general reductions autophagy phagocytosis, dysfunction cytokine signaling, altered morphology distribution, likely mediated by epigenetic changes mitochondrial defects, that may be applicable macrophages. This review highlights recent findings developmental biology function, discusses role various diseases. A better understanding influences thus progression disease will crucial order develop new interventions treatments populations.

Language: Английский

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Role of Overweight and Obesity in Gastrointestinal Disease

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 12(1), P. 111 - 111

Published: Dec. 31, 2019

The prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide, leading to a severe impairment overall health. Actually, has been associated with several pathological conditions, causing an excess mortality. In particular, overweight and are well known risk factors for variety gastrointestinal (GI) disorders i.e., functional GI as as, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), pancreatitis, cancer. aim the present review summarize potential role in particular focus on plausible biological mechanisms that could explain association between based most recent evidence literature.

Language: Английский

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Correlations between α-Linolenic Acid-Improved Multitissue Homeostasis and Gut Microbiota in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet

mSystems, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 5(6)

Published: Nov. 2, 2020

Insufficient intake of n -3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is an important issue in modern Western-style diets. A large amount evidence now suggests that a balanced intestinal microecology considered part health. Our results show α-linolenic acid administration significantly improved the host metabolic phenotype and gut microbiota mice fed high-fat diet, there was correlation between phenotype. Some specific bacteria may play unique regulatory role. Here, we have established networks multitissue homeostasis, which provide new basis for further elucidating relationship metabolism.

Language: Английский

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Food additives containing nanoparticles induce gastrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and alterations in animal behavior: The unknown role of oxidative stress

Food and Chemical Toxicology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 146, P. 111814 - 111814

Published: Oct. 15, 2020

Language: Английский

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