Hydrologic Impacts of Thawing Permafrost—A Review

Vadose Zone Journal, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 15(6), P. 1 - 20

Published: June 1, 2016

Core Ideas This review synthesizes the state of science in permafrost hydrology. Observed and projected hydrologic impacts thaw are discussed. Characterization, modeling, knowledge gaps systems identified. Translating results between multiple scales cold regions presents a challenge. Opportunities for advancement field hydrology described. Where present, exerts primary control on water fluxes, flowpaths, distribution. Climate warming related drivers soil thermal change expected to modify distribution permafrost, leading changing conditions, including alterations moisture, connectivity inland waters, streamflow seasonality, partitioning stored above below ground. The is undergoing rapid with respect multiscale observations, subsurface characterization, integration other disciplines. However, gaining predictive capability many interrelated consequences climate persistent challenge due several factors. Observations have been causally linked thaw, but applications process‐based models needed support enhance transferability empirical linkages often restricted generalized representations. Limitations stem from inadequate baseline unfrozen hydrogeologic lack historical data, simplifications structure process representation counter high computational demands cryohydrogeologic simulations. Further, part large degree heterogeneity landscapes nonuniformity patterns rates, associations various modes not readily scalable; even trajectories can differ. highlights promising advances characterization modeling ongoing research challenges toward projecting ecologic at time spatial that useful managers researchers.

Language: Английский

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Large stocks of peatland carbon and nitrogen are vulnerable to permafrost thaw

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 117(34), P. 20438 - 20446

Published: Aug. 10, 2020

Significance Over many millennia, northern peatlands have accumulated large amounts of carbon and nitrogen, thus cooling the global climate. shorter timescales, peatland disturbances can trigger losses peat release greenhouses gases. Despite their importance to climate, remain poorly mapped, vulnerability permafrost warming is uncertain. This study compiles over 7,000 field observations present a data-driven map nitrogen stocks. We use these maps model impact thaw on find that will likely shift greenhouse gas balance peatlands. At present, cool but anthropogenic them into net source warming.

Language: Английский

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Degrading permafrost puts Arctic infrastructure at risk by mid-century

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Nov. 28, 2018

Abstract Degradation of near-surface permafrost can pose a serious threat to the utilization natural resources, and sustainable development Arctic communities. Here we identify at unprecedentedly high spatial resolution infrastructure hazard areas in Northern Hemisphere’s regions under projected climatic changes quantify fundamental engineering structures risk by 2050. We show that nearly four million people 70% current domain are with potential for thaw permafrost. Our results demonstrate one-third pan-Arctic 45% hydrocarbon extraction fields Russian where thaw-related ground instability cause severe damage built environment. Alarmingly, these figures not reduced substantially even if climate change targets Paris Agreement reached.

Language: Английский

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Permafrost carbon emissions in a changing Arctic

Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 3(1), P. 55 - 67

Published: Jan. 11, 2022

Language: Английский

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Environmental effects of ozone depletion, UV radiation and interactions with climate change: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, update 2017

Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 17(2), P. 127 - 179

Published: Feb. 1, 2018

Language: Английский

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Global Isotope Hydrogeology―Review

Reviews of Geophysics, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 57(3), P. 835 - 965

Published: April 30, 2019

Abstract Groundwater 18 O/ 16 O, 2 H/ 1 H, 13 C/ 12 C, 3 and 14 C data can help quantify molecular movements chemical reactions governing groundwater recharge, quality, storage, flow, discharge. Here, commonly applied approaches to isotopic analysis are reviewed, involving recharge seasonality, elevations, ages, paleoclimate conditions, Reviewed works confirm long held tenets: (i) that derives disproportionately from wet season winter precipitation; (ii) modern groundwaters comprise little global groundwater; (iii) “fossil” (>12,000‐year‐old) dominate aquifer storage; (iv) fossil capture late‐Pleistocene climate conditions; (v) surface‐borne contaminants more common in younger groundwaters; (vi) discharges generate substantial streamflow. isotope midlatitudes sedimentary basins equipped for irrigated agriculture, but less plentiful across high latitudes, hyperarid deserts, equatorial rainforests. Some of these underexplored systems may be suitable targets future field testing.

Language: Английский

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Transitions in Arctic ecosystems: Ecological implications of a changing hydrological regime

Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 121(3), P. 650 - 674

Published: March 1, 2016

Abstract Numerous international scientific assessments and related articles have, during the last decade, described observed potential impacts of climate change as well other environmental stressors on Arctic ecosystems. There is increasing recognition that projected changes in freshwater sources, fluxes, storage will have profound implications for physical, biogeochemical, biological, ecological processes properties terrestrial However, a significant level uncertainty remains relation to forecasting an intensified hydrological regime cryospheric ecosystem structure function. As ecology component Freshwater Synthesis, we review these uncertainties recommend enhanced coordinated circumpolar research monitoring efforts improve quantification prediction how altered influences local, regional, circumpolar‐level responses systems. Specifically, evaluate (i) productivity; (ii) alterations ecosystem‐level biogeochemical cycling chemical transport; (iii) landscapes, successional trajectories, creation new habitats; (iv) seasonality phenological mismatches; (v) gains or losses species associated trophic interactions. We emphasize need developing process‐based understanding interecosystem interactions, along with improved predictive models. use catchment scale integrated unit study, thereby more explicitly considering chemical, fluxes across full continuum geographic region spatial range hydroecological units (e.g., stream‐pond‐lake‐river‐near shore marine environments).

Language: Английский

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Environmental effects of ozone depletion and its interactions with climate change: Progress report, 2016

Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 16(2), P. 107 - 145

Published: Jan. 26, 2017

Language: Английский

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Photochemical alteration of organic carbon draining permafrost soils shifts microbial metabolic pathways and stimulates respiration

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: Sept. 27, 2017

In sunlit waters, photochemical alteration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) impacts the microbial respiration DOC to CO2. This coupled and biological degradation is especially critical for budgets in Arctic, where thawing permafrost soils increase opportunities oxidation CO2 surface thereby reinforcing global warming. Here we show how why sunlight exposure draining soils. Sunlight significantly increases or decreases depending on whether photo-alteration produces removes molecules that native communities used prior light exposure. Using high-resolution chemical approaches, rates processing by microbes are likely governed a combination abundance lability exported from land water produced processes, capacity timescale have adapt metabolize photo-altered DOC.The role unclear. Here, authors impact this mechanism depends

Language: Английский

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Ecological Response to Permafrost Thaw and Consequences for Local and Global Ecosystem Services

Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 49(1), P. 279 - 301

Published: Nov. 2, 2018

The Arctic may seem remote, but the unprecedented environmental changes occurring there have important consequences for global society. Of all system components, in permafrost (perennially frozen ground) are one of least documented. Permafrost is degrading as a result climate warming, and evidence mounting that changing will significant impacts within outside region. This review asks: What key structural functional properties ecosystems interact with permafrost, how do these ecosystem affect local society? Here, we look beyond classic definition to include broadened focus on composition ground, including ice soil organic carbon content, it changing. ecological perspective serves identify areas both vulnerability resilience climate, disturbance regimes, human footprint continue change this sensitive critical region Earth.

Language: Английский

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