BioVars - A bioclimatic dataset for Europe based on a large regional climate ensemble for periods in 1971–2098

Scientific Data, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Feb. 5, 2025

Language: Английский

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HESS Opinions: Are soils overrated in hydrology?

Hydrology and earth system sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 27(14), P. 2607 - 2620

Published: July 18, 2023

Abstract. Traditional hydrological theories are based on the assumption that soil is key in determining water's fate cycle. According to these theories, hydraulic properties determine water movement both saturated and unsaturated zones, described by matrix flow formulas such as Darcy–Richards equations. They also plant-available moisture thereby control transpiration. Here we argue founded a wrong assumption. Instead, advocate reverse: terrestrial ecosystem manipulates satisfy specific management strategies, which primarily controlled ecosystem's reaction climatic drivers prescribed boundary conditions topography lithology. this assumption, an effect rather than cause of movement. We further integrated behaviour can be inferred from considerations about survival growth without relying internal-process descriptions. An important favourable consequence climate- ecosystem-driven approach it provides physical justification for catchment models do not rely information complexity associated with description dynamics. Another modelling soil, if required, benefit constraints imposed embedding ecosystem. illustrate our perspective processes arguments support it. suggest advancing understanding strategies building more realistic predictive context environmental change.

Language: Английский

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The 2018 west-central European drought projected in a warmer climate: how much drier can it get?

Natural hazards and earth system sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 23(5), P. 1921 - 1946

Published: May 26, 2023

Abstract. Projections of changes in extreme droughts under future climate conditions are associated with large uncertainties, owing to the complex genesis and model uncertainty atmospheric dynamics. In this study we investigate impact global warming on soil moisture drought severity west-central Europe by employing pseudo (PGW) experiments, which project 1980–2020 period a globally warmer world. The analogues present-day episodes allow for investigation conditional historic day-to-day evolution circulation. 2018 European is most severe reference region. Under 1.5, 2 3 ∘C warming, episode experiences strongly enhanced summer temperatures but fairly modest drying response compared change climatology. This primarily because evaporation already moisture-constrained during conditions, limiting increase thus modulation temperature PGW. Increasing precipitation winter, spring autumn limits or prevents an earlier onset duration. Nevertheless, severity, defined as cumulative deficit volume, increases considerably, 20 % 39 warming. frequency Several years without noticeable show very strong results 2003-like occurrences, compounding local considerably above ∘C. Even taking into account (potentially large) dynamical change, risk Owing frequency, heat, reduction recovery times between expected occur. Our physical storyline provides evidence complementing conventional large-ensemble approaches intended contribute formulation effective adaptation strategies.

Language: Английский

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Influence of irrigation on root zone storage capacity estimation

Hydrology and earth system sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 28(10), P. 2313 - 2328

Published: May 31, 2024

Abstract. Vegetation plays a crucial role in regulating the water cycle through transpiration, which is flux from subsurface to atmosphere via roots. The amount and timing of transpiration controlled by interplay seasonal energy supply. latter strongly depends on size root zone storage capacity (Sr), represents maximum accessible volume that vegetation can use for transpiration. Sr primarily influenced hydroclimatic conditions, as optimizes its system such way it guarantees uptake overcomes dry periods. estimates are commonly derived deficits result phase shift between signals inflow (i.e., precipitation) outflow evaporation). In irrigated croplands, irrigation serves an additional input into zone. However, this aspect has been ignored many studies, extent influences never comprehensively quantified. study, our objective quantify influence identify regional differences therein. To end, we integrated two methods, based respective area fractions, estimation. We evaluated effects compared with do not consider sample 4856 catchments globally varying degrees activity. Our results show consistently decreased when considering irrigation, larger effect area. For fraction exceeding 10 %, median decrease was 19 23 mm corresponding decreases 12 % 15 respectively. most tropical climates. relative largest temperate demonstrate, first time, considerable over croplands. This strong snowmelt have previously documented precipitation falling snow.

Language: Английский

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Explaining changes in rainfall–runoff relationships during and after Australia's Millennium Drought: a community perspective

Hydrology and earth system sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 26(23), P. 6073 - 6120

Published: Dec. 6, 2022

Abstract. The Millennium Drought lasted more than a decade and is notable for causing persistent shifts in the relationship between rainfall runoff many southeastern Australian catchments. Research to date has successfully characterised where when occurred explored relationships with potential drivers, but convincing physical explanation observed changes catchment behaviour still lacking. Originating from large multi-disciplinary workshop, this paper presents evaluates range of hypothesised process explanations flow response Drought. hypotheses consider climatic forcing, vegetation, soil moisture dynamics, groundwater, anthropogenic influence. are assessed against evidence both temporally (e.g. why was different previous droughts?) spatially did rainfall–runoff shift some catchments not others?). Thus, strength work large-scale assessment hydrologic drivers. Of 24 hypotheses, 3 considered plausible, 10 inconsistent evidence, 11 category between, whereby they plausible yet reservations applicable others). results point unprecedented length drought as primary driver, paired interrelated groundwater processes, including declines storage, altered recharge associated vadose zone expansion, reduced connection subsurface surface water processes. Other causes include increased evaporative demand harvesting by small private dams. Finally, we discuss need long-term field monitoring, particularly targeting internal processes dynamics. We recommend continued investment understanding hydrological shifts, given their relevance planning under climate variability change.

Language: Английский

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Nature-based solutions for floods AND droughts AND biodiversity: Do we have sufficient proof of their functioning?

Cambridge Prisms Water, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 1

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Abstract Climate change and human-modified landscapes have led to an increase in global flood drought risks, while biodiversity has declined. The concept of using nature-based solutions (NbS) improve the water retention capacity at landscape scale, also known as ‘sponge functioning catchments,’ been recognised help reduce delay peak flows stimulate infiltration groundwater, thus reducing risks. Although various effects NbS demonstrated, there is limited evaluation combined multiple benefits for risk reduction, biodiversity. To address this gap, we analysed online databases on additional literature evaluated NbS. We found that quantitative fragmented not standard practice many projects. successfully implemented reported different environments globally, most cases lack evidence their response impacts floods, droughts, Therefore, propose four components facilitate planning, design, implementation, monitoring sponge floods droughts. First, suggest increased understanding how affects hydrological processes both events along full range potential conditions. Second, recommend evaluating effect measures a scale. Third, integrated modelling upscaling techniques should be improved quantify Finally, consistent socially relevant set indicators evaluate communicate with stakeholders. In conclusion, our analysis demonstrates need more comprehensive standardised NbS, particularly relation

Language: Английский

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Challenges in studying water fluxes within the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum: A tracer-based perspective on pathways to progress

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 881, P. 163510 - 163510

Published: April 12, 2023

Language: Английский

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Geologic Controls on Apparent Root‐Zone Storage Capacity

Water Resources Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 60(3)

Published: March 1, 2024

Abstract The water storage capacity of the root zone can determine whether plants survive dry periods and control partitioning precipitation into streamflow evapotranspiration. It is currently thought that top‐down, climatic factors are primary on this via their interaction with plant rooting adaptations. However, it remains unclear to what extent bottom‐up, geologic provide an additional constraint capacity. Here we use a machine learning approach identify regions lower than climatically expected apparent We find in seasonally California these overlap particular substrates. hypothesize patterns reflect diverse mechanisms by which substrate limit capacity, highlight case studies consistent limited weathered bedrock (melange Northern Coast Range), toxicity (ultramafic substrates Klamath‐Siskiyou region), nutrient limitation (phosphorus‐poor plutons southern Sierra Nevada), low porosity capable retaining (volcanic formations Cascades). observation at regional scales climate alone does not “size” has implications for parameterization models dynamics (and interrelated carbon cycles), also underscores importance geology considerations climate‐change induced biome migration habitat suitability.

Language: Английский

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Large-sample hydrology – a few camels or a whole caravan?

Hydrology and earth system sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 28(17), P. 4219 - 4237

Published: Sept. 12, 2024

Abstract. Large-sample datasets containing hydrometeorological time series and catchment attributes for hundreds of catchments in a country, many them known as “CAMELS” (Catchment Attributes MEteorology Studies), have revolutionized hydrological modelling enabled comparative analyses. The Caravan dataset is compilation several (CAMELS other) large-sample with uniform attribute names data structures. This simplifies hydrology across regions, continents, or the globe. However, use instead original CAMELS other may affect model results conclusions derived thereof. For dataset, meteorological forcing are based on ERA5-Land reanalysis data. Here, we describe differences between precipitation, temperature, potential evapotranspiration (Epot) 1252 CAMELS-US, CAMELS-BR, CAMELS-GB these dataset. Epot unrealistically high catchments, but there are, unsurprisingly, also considerable precipitation We show that from impairs calibration vast majority catchments; i.e. drop performance when using compared to datasets. mainly due Therefore, suggest extending included wherever possible so users can choose which they want at least indicating clearly come quality loss recommended. Moreover, not (and attributes, such aridity index) recommend should be replaced (or on) alternative estimates.

Language: Английский

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Root zone in the Earth system

Hydrology and earth system sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 28(19), P. 4477 - 4499

Published: Oct. 14, 2024

Abstract. The root zone is a vital part of the Earth system and key element in hydrology, ecology, agronomy, land surface processes. However, its definition varies across disciplines, creating barriers to interdisciplinary understanding. Moreover, characterizing challenging due lack consensus on definitions, estimation methods, their merits limitations. This opinion paper provides holistic from hydrology perspective, including moisture storage, deficit, storage capacity. We demonstrate that plays critical role biosphere, pedosphere, rhizosphere, lithosphere, atmosphere, cryosphere system. underscore limitations traditional reductionist approach modelling this complex dynamic advocate for shift towards holistic, ecosystem-centred approach. argue offers more systematic, simple, dynamic, scalable, observable way describe predict science.

Language: Английский

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