Nanoparticles of Natural Product-derived Medicines: Beyond the Pandemic

Heliyon, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11(4), P. e42739 - e42739

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

This review explores the synergistic potential of natural products and nanotechnology for viral infections, highlighting key antiviral, immunomodulatory, antioxidant properties to combat pandemics caused by highly infectious viruses. These often result in severe public health crises, particularly affecting vulnerable populations due respiratory complications increased mortality rates. A cytokine storm is initiated when an overload pro-inflammatory cytokines chemokines released, leading a systemic inflammatory response. Viral mutations limited availability effective drugs, vaccines, therapies contribute continuous transmission virus. The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic has sparked renewed interest product-derived antivirals. efficacy traditional medicines against infections examined. Their anti-inflammatory, are highlighted. discusses how enhances herbal combating infections.

Language: Английский

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Antiviral responses versus virus-induced cellular shutoff: a game of thrones between influenza A virus NS1 and SARS-CoV-2 Nsp1

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Feb. 5, 2024

Following virus recognition of host cell receptors and viral particle/genome internalization, viruses replicate in the via hijacking essential machinery components to evade provoked antiviral innate immunity against invading pathogen. Respiratory infections are usually acute with ability activate pattern (PRRs) in/on cells, resulting production release interferons (IFNs), proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) reduce fitness mitigate infection. Nevertheless, game between is a complicated dynamic process, which they restrict each other specific factors maintain their own advantages win this game. The primary role non-structural protein 1 (NS1 Nsp1) influenza A (IAV) pandemic severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), respectively, control host-induced immune responses. This review provides comprehensive overview genesis, spatial structure, cellular interactors, mechanisms underlying unique biological functions IAV NS1 SARS-CoV-2 Nsp1 infected cells. We also highlight both proteins modulating replication pathogenicity. Eventually, because important during infection, we describe promising potential as targets for therapy development live attenuated vaccines (LAV). Conclusively, play an virus–host interactions, replication, pathogenesis, pave way develop novel prophylactic and/or therapeutic interventions treatment these human pathogens.

Language: Английский

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Synergistic inhibition effects of andrographolide and baicalin on coronavirus mechanisms by downregulation of ACE2 protein level

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Feb. 21, 2024

Abstract The SARS-CoV-2 virus, belonging to the Coronavirus genus, which poses a threat human health worldwide. Current therapies focus on inhibiting viral replication or using anti-inflammatory/immunomodulatory compounds enhance host immunity. This makes active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine ideal due their proven safety and minimal toxicity. Previous research suggests that andrographolide baicalin inhibit coronaviruses; however, synergistic effects remain unclear. Here, we studied antiviral mechanisms use in vitro vivo. We selected pseudovirus for studies found baicalein significantly reduced angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 protein level entry into cells compared singal compound individually inhibited major protease activity SARS-CoV-2. mechanism is essential reduce pathogenesis In addition, vivo also elevation pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6 TNF-α—the primary cytokines development acute respiratory distress syndrome (the main cause COVID-19 deaths). conclusion, this study shows treatment acts as potent inhibitors coronavirus vivo—and more effective together than isolation.

Language: Английский

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A SARS-CoV-2 M^pro fluorescent sensor for exploring pharmacodynamic substances from traditional Chinese medicine

The Analyst, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 149(13), P. 3585 - 3595

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

The main protease of SARS-CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2 M pro ) plays a critical role in the replication and life cycle virus.

Language: Английский

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Towards Understanding Long COVID: SARS-CoV-2 Strikes the Host Cell Nucleus

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(6), P. 806 - 806

Published: June 6, 2023

Despite what its name suggests, the effects of COVID-19 pandemic causative agent “Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2” (SARS-CoV-2) were not always confined, neither temporarily (being long-term rather than acute, referred to as Long COVID) nor spatially (affecting several body systems). Moreover, in-depth study this ss(+) RNA virus is defying established scheme according which it just had a lytic cycle taking place confined cell membranes and cytoplasm, leaving nucleus basically “untouched”. Cumulative evidence shows that SARS-CoV-2 components disturb transport certain proteins through nuclear pores. Some structural such Spike (S) Nucleocapsid (N), most non-structural (remarkably, Nsp1 Nsp3), well some accessory (ORF3d, ORF6, ORF9a) can reach nucleoplasm either due their localization signals (NLS) or shuttle with other proteins. A percentage also nucleoplasm. Remarkably, controversy has recently been raised by proving that-at least under conditions-, sequences be retrotranscribed inserted DNA in host genome, giving rise chimeric genes. In turn, expression viral-host could potentially create neo-antigens, activate autoimmunity promote chronic pro-inflammatory state.

Language: Английский

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Potential therapeutic landscape of COVID-19: molecular targets, repurposed drugs, and nano- and cell-based intervention

Elsevier eBooks, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 139 - 157

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Single cell phototransfection of mRNAs encoding SARS-CoV2 spike and nucleocapsid into human astrocytes results in RNA dependent translation interference

Frontiers in Drug Delivery, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4

Published: March 5, 2024

Multi-RNA co-transfection is starting to be employed stimulate immune responses SARS-CoV-2 viral infection. While there are good reasons utilize such an approach, little background on whether synergistic RNA-dependent cellular effects. To address this issue, we use transcriptome-induced phenotype remodeling (TIPeR) via phototransfection assess mRNAs encoding the Spike and Nucleocapsid proteins of virus into single human astrocytes (an endogenous cell host for virus) mouse 3T3 cells (often used in high-throughput therapeutic screens) synergistically impact biologies. An RNA concentration-dependent expression was observed where increase by less than 2-fold results reduced each individual RNAs. Further, a dominant inhibitory effect upon translation detected that distinct from codon-mediated epistasis. Knowledge consequences multi-RNA transfection will aid selecting concentrations maximize antigen presentation surface with goal eliciting robust response. application stoichiometrically tunable functional genomics approach study biology promises provide details sequalae arise infection anticipation providing novel targets inhibition replication propagation intervention.

Language: Английский

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Submandibular Gland Pathogenesis Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Implications for Xerostomia

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(13), P. 6820 - 6820

Published: June 21, 2024

Although SARS-CoV-2 induces mucin hypersecretion in the respiratory tract, hyposalivation/xerostomia has been reported by COVID-19 patients. We evaluate submandibular gland (SMGs) pathogenesis SARS-CoV-2-infected K18-hACE2 mice, focusing on impact of infection production and structural integrity acini, ductal system, myoepithelial cells (MECs) telocytes. The spike protein, nucleocapsid hACE2, actin, EGF, TNF-α IL-1β were detected immunofluorescence, Egfr Muc5b expression was evaluated. In infected animals, significant acinar hypertrophy observed contrast to atrophy. Nucleocapsid proteins and/or viral particles SMG cells, mainly nuclear membrane-derived vesicles, confirming role formation. showed intense immunoexpression, EGF-EGFR signaling increased, together with upregulation. This finding explains hypertrophy, which compress ducts. Dying MECs actin reduction also observed, indicating failure contraction support, favoring hypertrophy. Viral assembly found dying telocytes, pointing these intercommunicating as transmitters SMGs. Therefore, EGF-EGFR-induced triggered likely mediated cytokines. damage telocytes may have favored leading obstruction, explaining xerostomia Thus, be targets, favor replication cell-to-cell transmission SMG, corroborating high load saliva individuals.

Language: Английский

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DNA Damage in Moderate and Severe COVID-19 Cases: Relation to Demographic, Clinical, and Laboratory Parameters

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(19), P. 10293 - 10293

Published: Sept. 24, 2024

The ability of the SARS-CoV-2 virus to cause DNA damage in infected humans requires its study as a potential indicator COVID-19 progression. was studied leukocytes 65 patients stratified by sex, age, and disease severity relation demographic, clinical, laboratory parameters. In combined group patients, shown be elevated compared controls (12.44% vs. 5.09%,

Language: Английский

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Structural basis for the participation of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein in the template switch mechanism and genomic RNA reorganization

Journal of Biological Chemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 107834 - 107834

Published: Sept. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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