Long Covid: where we stand and challenges ahead

Cell Death and Differentiation, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 7, 2022

Abstract Post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC), also known as Post-Covid Syndrome, and colloquially Long Covid, has been defined a constellation signs symptoms which persist for weeks or months after the initial infection. PASC affects wide range diverse organs systems, with manifestations involving lungs, brain, cardiovascular system other such kidney neuromuscular system. The pathogenesis is complex multifactorial. Evidence suggests that seeding persistence in different organs, reactivation, response to unrelated viruses EBV, autoimmunity, uncontrolled inflammation are major drivers PASC. relative importance pathogenetic pathways may differ tissue organ contexts. vaccination, addition protecting against disease, reduces breakthrough infection although its actual impact remains be defined. represents formidable challenge health care systems dissecting mechanisms pave way targeted preventive therapeutic approaches.

Language: Английский

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Long COVID, the Brain, Nerves, and Cognitive Function

Neurology International, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(3), P. 821 - 841

Published: July 6, 2023

SARS-CoV-2, a single-stranded RNA coronavirus, causes an illness known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Long-term complications are increasing issue in patients who have been infected with COVID-19 and may be result of viral-associated systemic central nervous system inflammation or arise from virus-induced hypercoagulable state. incite changes brain function wide range lingering symptoms. Patients often experience fatigue note fog, sensorimotor symptoms, sleep disturbances. Prolonged neurological neuropsychiatric symptoms prevalent can interfere substantially everyday life, leading to massive public health concern. The mechanistic pathways by which SARS-CoV-2 infection sequelae important subject ongoing research. Inflammation- induced blood-brain barrier permeability viral neuro-invasion direct nerve damage involved. Though the mechanisms uncertain, resulting documented numerous patient reports studies. This review examines constellation spectrum seen long COVID incorporates information on prevalence these contributing factors, typical course. Although treatment options generally lacking, potential therapeutic approaches for alleviating improving quality life explored.

Language: Английский

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The knowns and unknowns of long COVID-19: from mechanisms to therapeutical approaches

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: March 4, 2024

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has been defined as the greatest global health and socioeconomic crisis of modern times. While most people recover after being infected with virus, a significant proportion them continue to experience issues weeks, months even years acute infection SARS-CoV-2. This persistence clinical symptoms in individuals for at least three onset or emergence new lasting more than two months, without any other explanation alternative diagnosis have named long COVID, long-haul post-COVID-19 conditions, chronic post-acute sequelae (PASC). Long COVID characterized constellation disorders that vary widely their manifestations. Further, mechanisms underlying are not fully understood, which hamper efficient treatment options. review describes predictors common related COVID's effects on central peripheral nervous system organs tissues. Furthermore, transcriptional markers, molecular signaling pathways risk factors such sex, age, pre-existing condition, hospitalization during phase COVID-19, vaccination, lifestyle presented. Finally, recommendations patient rehabilitation management, well therapeutical approaches discussed. Understanding complexity this disease, its across multiple organ systems overlapping pathologies possible paramount developing diagnostic tools treatments.

Language: Английский

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Post-COVID-19 syndrome and quality of life impairment in severe COVID-19 Mexican patients

Frontiers in Public Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: May 15, 2023

Introduction Post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS) usually occurs 3 months after the onset of COVID-19 with a symptom duration at least 2 without an alternative diagnosis. Objective This study aimed to describe prevalence, characteristics, and impact on quality life (QoL) post-COVID-19 in patients history hospitalization for COVID-19. Materials methods We conducted cross-sectional study. Patients who required due between March 2020 October 2021 were invited answer PCS questionnaire EQ-5D instrument. A total 246 included: 187 (76%) met definition 54% men, median age 50 years (IQR 41–63). Results From PCS, time hospital discharge was 1 day 1–20), 150 days 90–225). 27 different symptoms reported; most frequent difficulty concentrating (81%), dyspnea (75%), arthralgia (71%), fatigue (68%), hair loss (60%). Some symptoms, such as concentrating, arthralgia/myalgia, loss, more prevalent women PCS. had higher frequency tobacco smoking (37 vs. 4%, p = 0.02) increased severity lung involvement initial chest tomography (75 58%, 0.01) than those less likely receive antivirals (15.5 27%, 0.04). No difference ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, length stay found. lower visual analog scale result (80 [IQR 70–90] 89.5 75–90], 0.05). All five QoL dimensions affected patients, showing pain/discomfort (67 39%, < 0.001), difficulties performing usual activities (39.2 20.3%, 0.03), anxiety/depression (57.5 37%, 0.02). Conclusion occurred 76% hospitalized prolonged impairment. Neurological symptoms. Timely diagnostic therapeutic interventions are required.

Language: Английский

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Efficacy and tolerability of an endogenous metabolic modulator (AXA1125) in fatigue-predominant long COVID: a single-centre, double-blind, randomised controlled phase 2a pilot study

EClinicalMedicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 59, P. 101946 - 101946

Published: April 14, 2023

'Long COVID' describes persistent symptoms, commonly fatigue, lasting beyond 12 weeks following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Potential causes include reduced mitochondrial function and cellular bioenergetics. AXA1125 has previously increased β-oxidation improved bioenergetics in preclinical models along with certain clinical conditions, therefore may reduce fatigue associated Long COVID. We aimed to assess the efficacy, safety tolerability of COVID.Patients fatigue-dominant COVID were recruited this single-centre, double-blind, randomised controlled phase 2a pilot study completed UK. Patients randomly assigned (1:1) using an Interactive Response Technology receive either or matching placebo a clinical-based setting. Each dose (33.9 g) was administered orally liquid suspension twice daily for four two-week follow-up period. The primary endpoint mean change from baseline day 28 phosphocreatine (PCr) recovery rate moderate exercise, assessed by 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). All patients included intention treat analysis. This trial registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05152849.Between December 15th 2021, May 23th 2022, 60 participants screened, 41 final Changes skeletal muscle time constant (τPCr) 6-min walk test (6MWT) did not significantly differ between treatment (n = 21) group 20). However, Chalder Fatigue Questionnaire [CFQ-11] score when compared (least squares difference [LSMD] -4.30, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) -7.14, -1.47; P 0.0039). Eleven (52.4%, AXA1125) (20.0%, placebo) reported treatment-emergent adverse events; none serious led discontinuation.Although improve (τPCr-measure respiration), placebo, there significant improvements fatigue-based symptoms among living four-week Further multicentre studies are needed validate our findings larger cohort COVID.Axcella Therapeutics.

Language: Английский

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Effects of Aerobic Exercise Therapy through Nordic Walking Program in Lactate Concentrations, Fatigue and Quality-of-Life in Patients with Long-COVID Syndrome: A Non-Randomized Parallel Controlled Trial

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 1035 - 1035

Published: Feb. 11, 2024

Background: Long-COVID syndrome comprises a variety of signs and symptoms that develop during or after infection with COVID-19 which may affect the physical capabilities. However, there is lack studies investigating effects in sport capabilities suffering from infection. The purpose study was to evaluate compare lactate concentration quality life (QoL) patients those who have not developed non-Long-COVID Nordic walking exercise therapy. Methods: Twenty-nine (25.5 ± 7.1 years) took part non-randomized controlled trial, divided into two groups: group (n = 16) control 13). Patients were confirmed as having if they experienced fatigue tiredness when performing daily activities worsening vigorous mental activity. All participants underwent 12-week Walking program. Lactate distance covered all sessions measured. Pre- Long-Nordic program, Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS), Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36), EURO QoL-5D (EQ-ED) administered assess life, respectively. Results: There effect between groups (F 5.604; p 0.024). no significant result session 3.521; 0.121) interaction × 1.345; 0.414). main 23.088; < 0.001), time 6.625; 0.026), 4.632; 0.002) on SF-36 scale noted. Also, 38.372; 12.424; 0.005), 4.340; 0.014) EQ-5D. only 26.235; 0.001) 2.265; 0.160) 1.584; 0.234) MFIS scale. Conclusions: showed higher compared 12 weeks presented decrease respect according scale, well improvement aerobic

Language: Английский

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Illness presentation and quality of life in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome and post COVID-19 condition: a pilot Australian cross-sectional study

Quality of Life Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 33(9), P. 2489 - 2507

Published: July 3, 2024

Abstract Purpose Post COVID-19 Condition (PCC), being persistent symptoms, is reminiscent of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS)—a chronic multi-systemic illness characterised by neurocognitive, autonomic, endocrinological and immunological disturbances. This novel cross-sectional investigation aims to: (1) compare symptoms among people with ME/CFS (pwME/CFS) PCC (pwPCC) to inform developing diagnostic criteria; (2) health outcomes between patients without acute or (controls) highlight the burdens PCC. Methods Sociodemographic outcome data were collected from n = 61 pwME/CFS, 31 pwPCC 54 controls via validated, self-administered questionnaires, including 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey version 2 (SF-36v2) World Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0). PwME/CFS also provided self-reported severity frequency derived Canadian International Consensus Criteria for case definition Results Both cohorts similarly experienced key symptoms. Few differences in observed, memory disturbances, muscle weakness, lymphadenopathy nausea more prevalent, light-headedness severe, unrefreshed sleep frequent, heart palpitations less frequent pwME/CFS (all p < 0.05). The participants’ SF-36v2 WHODAS scores comparable > 0.05); however, both returned significantly lower all domains when compared 0.001). Conclusion Australian-first demonstrates congruent debilitating nature PCC, thereby emphasising need multidisciplinary care maximise patient outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Association of Obstructive Sleep Apnea with Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection

The American Journal of Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 137(6), P. 529 - 537.e3

Published: Feb. 22, 2024

Language: Английский

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Gender Disparities in Neurological Symptoms of Long-COVID: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Neuroepidemiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 15

Published: Aug. 19, 2024

Background: Female gender is a known risk factor for long COVID. With the increasing number of COVID-19 cases, corresponding survivors also expected to rise. To best our knowledge, no systematic review has specifically addressed differences in neurological symptoms Methods: We included studies on female individuals who presented with specific at least 12 weeks after confirmed diagnosis from PubMed, Central, Scopus, and Web Science. The search limit was put January 2020 until June 15, 2024. excluded that did not provide sex-specific outcome data, those English, case reports, series, articles Results: A total 5,632 eligible were identified. This article provides relevant information involving 6,849 patients, which 3,414 female. sample size ranged 70 2,856, maximum follow-up period 18 months. earliest publication date September 16, 2021, while latest 11, following had significant difference ratio (RR) gender: fatigue RR 1.40 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22–1.60, p &lt; 0.001), headache 1.37 CI: 1.12–1.67, = 0.002), brain-fog 1.38 CI 1.08–1.76, 0.011) depression 1.49 1.2–1.86, anosmia 1.61 1.36–1.90, 0.001). High heterogenicity found fatigue, brain fog, anxiety due diverse methodologies employed studies. Conclusion: Our findings suggest women are higher long-COVID symptoms, including headaches, depression, anosmia, compared men. prevalence these decreases 1 year, based limited data small available beyond this period.

Language: Английский

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Musculoskeletal complications in long COVID-19: A systematic review

World Journal of Virology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(6), P. 485 - 495

Published: Nov. 23, 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has crippled humanity since early 2020. Various sequelae of COVID-19 have been reported in different body systems. Musculoskeletal symptoms are widely during infection, but musculoskeletal complications long underreported. However, post-COVID-19 survivors complaints persisting or new-onset fatigue, myalgia, arthralgia, arthritis, muscle weakness, etc clinical practice. The well-known detrimental effects steroids on the system coupled with their over-the-counter availability can also be anticipated they were cornerstone life-saving management this pandemic.To determine COVID.We performed a systematic review 'systematic reviews and meta-analyses'.Of 63 articles screened, 24 included. Two specifically discussed children adolescents. One article rehabilitation intervention. No addressed issues particular. Fatigue was most common complication.Fatigue is found to very along myalgia arthralgia. There no studies intervention specifically. Considering lacuna literature needs current situation, further warranted standardize effective interventions complications. More homogenous needed. Studies functional impairment due involvement essential.

Language: Английский

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