Discovering signaling mechanisms governing metabolism and metabolic diseases with Drosophila

Cell Metabolism, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 33(7), P. 1279 - 1292

Published: June 16, 2021

Language: Английский

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Sex differences in islet stress responses support female β cell resilience

Molecular Metabolism, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 69, P. 101678 - 101678

Published: Jan. 20, 2023

Pancreatic β cells play a key role in maintaining glucose homeostasis; dysfunction of this critical cell type causes 2 diabetes (T2D). Emerging evidence points to sex differences cells, but few studies have examined male-female stress responses and resilience across multiple contexts, including diabetes. Here, we address the need for high-quality information on islet gene expression function using both human rodent samples.

Language: Английский

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Regulating metabolism to shape immune function: Lessons from Drosophila

Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 138, P. 128 - 141

Published: April 16, 2022

Language: Английский

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Sexually discordant selection is associated with trait-specific morphological changes and a complex genomic response

Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 78(8), P. 1426 - 1440

Published: May 9, 2024

Sexes often have differing fitness optima, potentially generating intra-locus sexual conflict, as each sex bears a genetic "load" of alleles beneficial to the other sex. One strategy evaluate conflict in genome is artificially select populations discordantly against established dimorphism (SD), reintroducing attenuated conflict. We investigate long-term artificial selection experiment reversing size Drosophila melanogaster during ~350 generations sexually discordant selection. explore morphological and genomic changes identify loci under between sexes concordantly size-selected treatments. Despite substantial overall size, concordant maintained ancestral SD. However, altered trait-specific manner. observe multiple possible soft selective sweeps genome, with size-related genes showing signs Patterns differentiation within lineages identified potential sites by selected lineage shows pattern elevated males females on chromosome 3L, consistent maintenance Our results suggest visible differentially segregating due

Language: Английский

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Sex determination gene transformer regulates the male-female difference in Drosophila fat storage via the adipokinetic hormone pathway

eLife, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Oct. 21, 2021

Sex differences in whole-body fat storage exist many species. For example, Drosophila females store more than males. Yet, the mechanisms underlying this sex difference remain incompletely understood. Here, we identify a key role for determination gene transformer ( tra ) regulating male-female storage. Normally, functional Tra protein is present only females, where it promotes female sexual development. We show that loss of reduced storage, whereas gain males augmented Tra’s promoting was largely due to its function neurons, specifically Adipokinetic hormone (Akh)-producing cells (APCs). Our analysis Akh pathway regulation revealed male bias APC activity and function, sex-biased influenced by limiting triglyceride accumulation Importantly, increased activity, genetically manipulating rescued Tra-dependent effects on This identifies sex-specific as one mechanism levels, provides important insight into conserved dimorphism

Language: Английский

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Developmental mechanisms of sex differences: from cells to organisms

Development, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 148(19)

Published: Oct. 1, 2021

ABSTRACT Male-female differences in many developmental mechanisms lead to the formation of two morphologically and physiologically distinct sexes. Although this is expected for traits with prominent between sexes, such as gonads, sex-specific processes also contribute without obvious male-female differences, intestine. Here, we review sex that operate at several levels biological complexity – molecular, cellular, organ organismal discuss how these influence formation, function whole-body physiology. Together, examples highlight show one simple way gain a more accurate comprehensive understanding animal development include both

Language: Английский

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Disparate regulation of IMD signaling drives sex differences in infection pathology in Drosophila melanogaster

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 118(32)

Published: Aug. 2, 2021

Significance Sex differences in infection outcome are a widely observed phenomenon. While it is known that biological sex can influence an animal’s response to infection, the mechanisms through which these emerge less clear. Here, we describe mechanism heightened regulation of IMD signaling pathway by female—but not male— Drosophila melanogaster reduces cost immune activity at expense resistance bacterial infection. Through masculinization main organ responsible for antimicrobial peptide fly (fat body), this work demonstrates mediated sex-determining pathways.

Language: Английский

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Sexual identity of enterocytes regulates autophagy to determine intestinal health, lifespan and responses to rapamycin

Nature Aging, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 2(12), P. 1145 - 1158

Published: Dec. 1, 2022

Abstract Pharmacological attenuation of mTOR presents a promising route for delay age-related disease. Here we show that treatment Drosophila with the inhibitor rapamycin extends lifespan in females, but not males. Female-specific, gut pathology is markedly slowed by treatment, mediated increased autophagy. Treatment increases enterocyte autophagy via H3/H4 histone-Bchs axis, whereas males high basal levels are feeding. Enterocyte sexual identity, determined transformer Female expression, dictates sexually dimorphic cell size, H3/H4- Bchs rates autophagy, fecundity, intestinal homeostasis and extension response to rapamycin. Dimorphism conserved mice, where intestine, brown adipose tissue muscle exhibit sex differences This study highlights as determining factor regulation metabolic processes efficacy mTOR-targeted, anti-aging drug treatments.

Language: Английский

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Interorgan communication through peripherally derived peptide hormones in Drosophila

Fly, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 16(1), P. 152 - 176

Published: May 1, 2022

In multicellular organisms, endocrine factors such as hormones and cytokines regulate development homoeostasis through communication between different organs. For understanding interorgan communications factors, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster serves an excellent model system due to conservation of essential systems flies mammals availability powerful genetic tools. other insects, functions neuropeptides or peptide from central nervous have been extensively studied. However, a series recent studies conducted in revealed that derived peripheral tissues also play critical roles regulating multiple biological processes, including growth, metabolism, reproduction, behaviour. Here, we summarise advances target organs/tissues peripherally describe how these contribute various events communications.

Language: Английский

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Gender-specific effects of pro-longevity interventions in Drosophila

Mechanisms of Ageing and Development, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 209, P. 111754 - 111754

Published: Nov. 12, 2022

Sex differences in lifespan are well recognized the majority of animal species. For example, male versus female Drosophila melanogaster there significant behavior and physiology. However, little is known about underlying mechanisms gender responses to pro-longevity interventions this model organism. Here we summarize existing data on effects nutritional pharmacological anti-aging such as nutrition regimens, diet dietary supplementation Drosophila. We demonstrate that males females have different sensitivities highly dependent genetic background, mating, dose exposure duration. Our work highlights importance understanding underlie gender-specific effect manipulations. This will provide insight into how these benefits may be valuable for elucidating primary physiological molecular targets involved aging determination.

Language: Английский

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