Metabolites
present
in
the
hemolymph
of
honey
bees
play
a
crucial
role
modulating
metamorphic
process
within
species.
However,
precise
alterations
metabolite
composition,
along
with
associated
variances
and
regulatory
pathways
implicated
during
larvae-to-pupae
metamorphosis
bees,
remain
incompletely
elucidated.
In
this
investigation,
we
gathered
samples
from
bee
larvae
at
three
distinct
physiological
stages-feeding,
prepupal,
pupae
subjected
them
to
analysis
utilizing
liquid
chromatography-mass
spectrometry
(LC-MS)
technique.
Employing
principal
component
(PCA)
partial
least
squares-discriminant
(PLS-DA),
identified
significant
differential
metabolites
conducted
metabolic
pathway
on
those
differentially
up-regulated
prepupal
stages.
Notably,
stage
primarily
governed
glucose
metabolism
fat
digestion
absorption,
while
were
involved
regulating
chitin
lipopolysaccharide
precursor
formation,
as
well
biosynthesis
phenylalanine,
tyrosine,
tryptophan.
These
findings
bear
implications
for
advancing
our
comprehension
processes
bees.
Applied Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14(7), P. 2744 - 2744
Published: March 25, 2024
Mealworms
provide
a
viable
option
for
transforming
agricultural
and
food
processing
by-products
that
can
be
converted
into
valuable
source
of
high-quality
protein
fat
suitable
both
animals
humans.
Hence,
our
investigation
was
aimed
at
employing
sprouted
green
potatoes,
wheat
bran,
from
brewers’
production
as
comprehensive
substrate
rearing
mealworms.
The
nutritional
value
(fat
content)
composition
amino
acids
(AAs)
fatty
(FAs)
were
tested
in
lyophilized
milled
larvae.
results
showed
the
highest
amount
detected
sample
3L
(59.18
±
007%),
grown
on
spent
grain,
whereas
2S
(with
bran)
comes
out
with
content
(34.22
0.491%).
It
found
FAs
larvae
depended
used:
statistically
monounsaturated
potatoes
(1L),
omega-3
control
(4CL),
agar–agar
gels,
brewers
grains
(3L)
higher
oleic
acid.
Meanwhile,
total
polyunsaturated
(36.23%)
bran
(2L).
During
study,
16
distinct
AAs
have
been
analyzed,
has
demonstrated
11
instances.
is
noteworthy
containing
grain
exhibited
peroxide
levels,
indicating
oxidation.
determined
number
volatile
did
not
exceed
regulatory
limits
meat.
In
summary,
it
asserted
adjusting
essential
extracting
specific
FAs.
However,
this
could
potentially
affect
peroxides.
This
adaptation
enables
desired
chemical
larvae,
making
purposes
such
animal
or
human
nutrition
health
enhancement.
Foods,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
13(10), P. 1451 - 1451
Published: May 8, 2024
With
the
world’s
population
continuing
to
grow,
ensuring
sustainable
protein
sources
for
everyone
is
becoming
increasingly
challenging.
Despite
meat
being
considered
unsustainable,
people
find
it
challenging
abstain
from
consuming
it.
However,
one
solution
this
dilemma
could
be
incorporation
of
mealworms
into
conventional
products,
i.e.,
sausages.
The
sausage
formulations
appears
shift
fatty
acid
profile
towards
higher
levels
monounsaturated
fats
and
polyunsaturated
acids
(PUFAs),
particularly
omega-3s,
potentially
enhancing
nutritional
value
offering
health
benefits.
Therefore,
our
study
aimed
improve
safety
parameters
traditional
sausages
by
enriching
them
with
flour
mealworm
larvae.
For
purpose,
larvae
were
reared
on
a
substrate
brewery
by-products,
brewer’s
yeast,
carrots.
They
used
frozen
freeze-dried
in
recipes,
replacing
pork
different
proportions.
analysis
product’s
chemical
(biogenic
amines,
nitrates
nitrites,
volatile
(FA),
peroxide)
(including
collagen,
cholesterol,
amino
acids,
FA,
hydroxyproline)
was
carried
out
an
accredited
laboratory.
results
have
demonstrated
that
sausages,
through
freeze-drying,
increased
fat
content
enhanced
including
omega-3s
while
reducing
cholesterol
levels,
altering
collagen
content,
suggesting
improved
potential
benefits
without
compromising
product.
we
are
highlighting
addition
influences
quality
positively
maintains
biogenic
amine
within
safe
limits,
alongside
negligible
impact
nitrites
reduction
peroxide
values.
These
findings
indicate
overall
improvement
safety.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
23(9), P. 5204 - 5204
Published: May 6, 2022
The
food
flavour
additive
octanoic
acid
(C8:0)
is
also
a
metabolite
of
the
entomopathogenic
fungus
Conidiobolus
coronatus,
which
efficiently
infects
and
rapidly
kills
Galleria
mellonella.
GC-MS
analysis
confirmed
presence
C8:0
in
insecticidal
fraction
FR3
extracted
from
C.
coronatus
filtrate.
Topical
administration
had
dose-dependent
effect
on
survival
rates
larvae
but
not
pupation
or
adult
eclosion
times
survivors.
Topically
applied
was
more
toxic
to
adults
than
(LD100
for
18.33
±
2.49
vs.
33.56
2.57
µg/mg
body
mass
larvae).
cuticle
adults,
amounts
corresponding
their
LD50
LD100
doses,
considerable
impact
two
main
defense
systems
engaged
protecting
against
pathogens,
causing
serious
changes
developmental-stage-specific
profiles
free
fatty
acids
(FFAs)
covering
damaging
larval
hemocytes.
In
vitro
cultures
G.
mellonella
hemocytes,
either
directly
treated
with
taken
larvae,
revealed
deformation
disordered
networking,
late
apoptosis,
necrosis,
as
well
caspase
1–9
activation
elevation
8-OHdG
level.
have
cytotoxic
SF-9
insect
cell
line,
determined
by
WST-1
LDH
tests.
Insects,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15(8), P. 611 - 611
Published: Aug. 13, 2024
The
interest
in
edible
insects’
mass
rearing
has
grown
considerably
recent
years,
thereby
highlighting
the
challenges
of
domesticating
new
animal
species.
Insects
are
being
considered
for
use
management
organic
by-products
from
agro-industry,
synthetic
plastics
industry
including
particular
detoxification
processes.
processes
depend
on
insect’s
digestive
system
which
is
based
two
components:
an
enzymatic
intrinsic
cargo
to
insect
species
and
another
extrinsic
provided
by
microbial
community
colonizing—associated
with
host.
Advances
have
been
made
identification
origin
functions
observed
midgut.
It
now
evident
that
microorganisms
can
adapt,
improve,
extend
ability
digest
detoxify
its
food.
Nevertheless,
such
as
Hermetia
illucens
Tenebrio
molitor
surprisingly
autonomous,
no
obligatory
symbiosis
a
microorganism
yet
uncovered
digestion.
Conversely,
intestinal
microbiota
given
take
different
forms,
largely
influenced
host’s
environment
diet.
This
flexibility
offers
potential
development
novel
associations
between
insects
microorganisms,
could
result
creation
synergies
would
optimize
or
expand
value
chains
agro-industrial
by-products,
well
contaminants.
Insects,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
13(4), P. 326 - 326
Published: March 25, 2022
The
black
soldier
fly,
Hermetia
illucens
(BSF,
Diptera:
Stratiomyidae)
is
an
insect
with
high
protein
value
and
a
potential
feed
agent
for
animals
aimed
human
consumption.
growth
parameters
of
BSF
larvae
reared
on
four
substrates-restaurant-waste,
fruit-waste,
fish-waste,
commercial
tilapia
food-for
41
days
before
processing
inclusion
into
Oreochromis
niloticus
(Perciformes:
Cichlidae,
Nile
tilapia)
fry
diets
at
30%
(70:30)
were
determined.
On
fly
larvae,
the
food
substrate
based
restaurant
waste
yielded
greatest
larval
weight
length.
fed
fish-waste
diet
showed
shortest
developmental
time.
fruit-waste
induced
lowest
length
in
larvae/pre-pupae
(immature
stage).
pre-pupal
values
similar
to
food.
fry-fish,
pre-pupae
grown
fish
yields
regarding
(biomass),
length,
nutritional
content.
These
results
suggest
has
be
used
provides
alternative
cultivation.
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
72(3), P. 1462 - 1472
Published: Jan. 10, 2024
Insects'
lipids,
including
fatty
acids,
as
the
second
largest
constituents
in
insects,
play
a
variety
of
fundamental
and
vital
functions.
However,
there
is
lack
reports
on
effects
insect
growth
regulators
acid
profiles
metabolic
mechanisms.
Therefore,
this
study,
comparative
study
three
regulators,
azadirachtin,
pyriproxyfen,
tebufenozide,
acids
was
carried
out
using
targeted
metabolomics
approach
to
fill
gap.
The
results
showed
that
when
exposed
were
14,
17,
11
differentially
regulated
respectively.
pathway
biosynthesis
unsaturated
common
shared
pathway,
while
linoleic
metabolism
specific
pathways
affected
by
3
regulators.
could
be
helpful
deepen
azadirachtin
terrestrial
insects.
