Coronavirus Disease 2019–Associated Invasive Fungal Infection DOI Creative Commons
John W. Baddley, George R. Thompson, Sharon C.‐A. Chen

et al.

Open Forum Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 8(12)

Published: Nov. 16, 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can become complicated by secondary invasive fungal infections (IFIs), stemming primarily from severe lung damage and immunologic deficits associated with the virus or immunomodulatory therapy. Other risk factors include poorly controlled diabetes, structural and/or other comorbidities, colonization. Opportunistic IFI following respiratory viral illness has been increasingly recognized, most notably influenza. There have many reports of COVID-19, initially predominated pulmonary aspergillosis, but recent emergence mucormycosis, candidiasis, endemic mycoses. These be challenging to diagnose are poor outcomes. The reported incidence varied, often related heterogeneity in patient populations, surveillance protocols, definitions used for classification infections. Herein, we review complicating COVID-19 address knowledge gaps epidemiology, diagnosis, management COVID-19-associated

Language: Английский

Mucormycosis in COVID-19: A systematic review of cases reported worldwide and in India DOI Open Access
Awadhesh Kumar Singh, Ritu Singh, Shashank Joshi

et al.

Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome Clinical Research & Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 15(4), P. 102146 - 102146

Published: May 21, 2021

Language: Английский

Citations

1011
Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19) Associated Mucormycosis (CAM): Case Report and Systematic Review of Literature DOI Creative Commons
Deepak Garg, Valliappan Muthu, Inderpaul Singh Sehgal

et al.

Mycopathologia, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 186(2), P. 289 - 298

Published: Feb. 5, 2021

Language: Английский

Citations

560
The emergence of COVID-19 associated mucormycosis: a review of cases from 18 countries DOI Creative Commons
Martin Hoenigl, Danila Seidel, Agostinho Carvalho

et al.

The Lancet Microbe, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 3(7), P. e543 - e552

Published: Jan. 25, 2022

Citations

395
Post coronavirus disease mucormycosis: a deadly addition to the pandemic spectrum DOI

S Sharma,

Mohnish Grover, Shruti Bhargava

et al.

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 135(5), P. 442 - 447

Published: April 8, 2021

Abstract Objective To study the possible association between invasive fungal sinusitis (mucormycosis) and coronavirus disease. Methods A prospective observational was conducted at a tertiary care centre over four months, involving all patients with mucormycosis of paranasal sinuses suffering from or having history disease infection. Results Twenty-three presented mucormycosis, had an 2019. The ethmoids (100 per cent) were most common affected. Intra-orbital extension seen in 43.47 cent cases, while intracranial only 8.69 cent. Diabetes mellitus present 21 23 uncontrolled 12 cases. All steroid use during their treatment. Conclusion New manifestations 2019 are appearing time. must be given serious consideration. Uncontrolled diabetes over-zealous steroids two main factors aggravating illness, both these properly checked.

Language: Английский

Citations

388
Mucor in a Viral Land: A Tale of Two Pathogens DOI Creative Commons
Mrittika Sen,

Sumeet Lahane,

Tatyarao P Lahane

et al.

Indian Journal of Ophthalmology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 69(2), P. 244 - 252

Published: Jan. 19, 2021

COVID-19 infection, its treatment, resultant immunosuppression, and pre-existing comorbidities have made patients vulnerable to secondary infections including mucormycosis. It is important understand the presentation, temporal sequence, risk factors, outcomes undertake measures for prevention treatment.We conducted a retrospective, interventional study on six consecutive with who developed rhino-orbital mucormycosis were managed at two tertiary ophthalmic referral centers in India between August 1 December 15, 2020. Diagnosis of was based clinical features, culture, histopathology from sinus biopsy. Patients treated intravenous liposomal amphotericin B addition posaconazole surgical debridement necrotic tissue.All male, mean age 60.5 ± 12 (46.2-73.9) years, type 2 diabetics blood glucose level 222.5 144.4 (86-404) mg/dL. Except one patient diagnosed concurrently COVID-19, all received systemic corticosteroids treatment COVID-19. The duration diagnosis development symptoms mucor 15.6 9.6 (3-42) days. All underwent endoscopic debridement, whereas required orbital exenteration. At last follow-up, alive, antifungal therapy.Mucormycosis life-threatening, opportunistic moderate severe are more susceptible it. Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus use increase invasive fungal infection which can develop during course illness or as sequelae. High index suspicion, early diagnosis, appropriate management improve survival.

Language: Английский

Citations

372
COVID-19 and Eye: A Review of Ophthalmic Manifestations of COVID-19 DOI Creative Commons
Mrittika Sen,

Santosh G Honavar,

Namrata Sharma

et al.

Indian Journal of Ophthalmology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 69(3), P. 488 - 509

Published: Feb. 17, 2021

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has had health implications of unprecedented magnitude. infection can range from asymptomatic, mild to life threatening distress. It affect almost every organ the body. Ophthalmologists world over are reporting various manifestations in eye. This review was undertaken help ophthalmologists recognize possible and stage viral disease when they commonly appear. Literature search performed for publications on ophthalmic disease-19 (COVID-19) between January 1, 2020 31, 2021. 46 case reports, 8 series, 11 cross sectional/cohort observational studies, 5 prospective interventional 3 animal models/autopsy studies 6 reviews/meta-analysis were included. Conjunctivitis is most common manifestation develop at any disease. Direct effect due virus, immune mediated tissue damage, activation coagulation cascade prothrombotic state induced infection, associated comorbidities drugs used management responsible findings ribonucleic acid (RNA) been isolated ocular tissues but role eye as a route yet be substantiated. Ophthalmic may presenting feature COVID-19 or several weeks after recovery. should aware associations diseases with SARS-CoV-2 order ask relevant history, look specific signs, advise appropriate tests thereby mitigate spread well diagnose initiate early treatment vision complications.

Language: Английский

Citations

345
COVID-19 and orbital mucormycosis DOI Creative Commons
Sandip Sarkar, Tanmay Gokhale,

Sushmita Sana Choudhury

et al.

Indian Journal of Ophthalmology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 69(4), P. 1002 - 1004

Published: March 17, 2021

Dear Editor, The 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) or severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) first reported in Wuhan, Hubei province China, quickly spread to other parts of the world forming a global pandemic.[1] disease pattern COVID-19 can range from mild life-threatening pneumonia with associated bacterial and fungal coinfections.[2] Due comorbidities (e.g., diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) immunocompromised conditions (e.g. corticosteroid therapy, ventilation, intensive care unit stay), these patients are prone develop opportunistic infections. There reports development infections such as oropharyngeal candidiasis, pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia, aspergillosis, bloodstream candida infections, etc., affected disease.[34] also few isolated case rhino-orbital mucormycosis disease.[25] Sen et al. recently series six cases mucormycosis. One patient this had concurrent at admission, while five developed during treatment systemic steroids for COVID-19.[6] We, hereby, report cluster 10 clinically diagnosed orbital illness our institute over last months (October November 2020). They presented us clinical features was on routine screening. Demographic profiles provided [Table 1]. Microbiological radiological diagnosis along received final outcome 2]. Potassium hydroxide (KOH) wet mount culture/sensitivity were done biopsy obtained debridement nasal swab diagnostic endoscopy. proven patients. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests positive all All known diabetics. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) evident four admission more DKA after initiation therapy disease. intravenous dexamethasone per National Institute Health recommendations[7] Liposomal Amphotericin B Besides, an injection Remdesivir, nine required ventilatory support their hospital stay. use steroids, monoclonal antibodies, broad-spectrum antibiotics management increase chances new-onset infection exacerbate preexisting one.[2] Four expired within 1 month diagnosis, satisfactory outcomes, but irreversible vision loss, only one both ocular favorable outcomes.Table 1: patientsTable 2: Radiological microbiological treatment, patientsCOVID-19 has propensity cause extensive subsequent alveolo-interstitial pathology. This by itself may predispose invasive airways including sinuses lungs.[28] Furthermore, there is alteration innate immunity due COVID-19-associated immune dysregulation characterized decreased T cells, CD4 CD8 cells.[26] physicians ophthalmologists should, therefore, be mindful probability illness, especially those immunosuppressive agents coming future.[6] Financial sponsorship Nil. Conflicts interest no conflicts interest.

Language: Английский

Citations

255
COVID‐19‐associated mucormycosis: An updated systematic review of literature DOI Open Access
Rimesh Pal, Birgurman Singh, Sanjay Kumar Bhadada

et al.

Mycoses, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 64(12), P. 1452 - 1459

Published: June 16, 2021

In its wake, the COVID-19 pandemic has ushered in a surge number of cases mucormycosis. Most are temporally linked to COVID-19; hence, entity is described as COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAM). The present systematic review was undertaken provide an up-to-date summary hitherto available literature on CAM. PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar databases were systematically searched using appropriate keywords till 14 May 2021, identify case reports/case series pertaining patients with COVID-19. Relevant data extracted included demographic characteristics, comorbidity profile, clinical category mucormycosis, glucocorticoid use, treatment offered patient outcome. We identified 30 series, pooling retrieved from 99 reported India (72%). majority male (78%) had diabetes mellitus (85%). A prior history 37% developing after initial recovery. median time interval between diagnosis first evidence infection or CAM 15 days. Glucocorticoid use 85% cases. Rhino-orbital most common (42%), followed by rhino-orbito-cerebral (24%). Pulmonary observed 10 (10%). mortality rate 34%; adjunct surgery, which 81% patients, associated better outcomes (p < .001). conclusion, emerging problem necessitating increased vigilance even those who have recovered. portends poor prognosis warrants early treatment.

Language: Английский

Citations

247
COVID-19 triggering mucormycosis in a susceptible patient: a new phenomenon in the developing world? DOI Open Access
Shweta Mallikarjun Revannavar, Supriya Pokkali,

Laxminarayana Samaga

et al.

BMJ Case Reports, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 14(4), P. e241663 - e241663

Published: April 1, 2021

A middle-aged woman with diabetes presented left-sided facial pain, complete ptosis and fever of short duration. On presentation, she had hyperglycaemia without ketosis. There was total ophthalmoplegia the left eye a visual acuity 6/36. She incidentally tested positive for COVID-19. CT paranasal sinus MRI brain revealed pansinusitis acute infarct in parieto-occipital region angioinvasion. An emergency functional endoscopic procedure done, which confirmed mucormycosis on histopathological examination. After 1 week conventional amphotericin B antibiotics, repeat showed improvement mucosal thickening sinusitis. This case is rare presentation associated rapid progression to orbital apex syndrome infarction patient non-ketotic Early diagnosis treatment are essential prevent further end-organ damage. It also interesting that there no angioinvasion transient periarterial inflammation attributed infarction.

Language: Английский

Citations

222
Epidemiology and Pathophysiology of COVID-19-Associated Mucormycosis: India Versus the Rest of the World DOI Creative Commons
Valliappan Muthu, Shivaprakash M. Rudramurthy, Arunaloke Chakrabarti

et al.

Mycopathologia, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 186(6), P. 739 - 754

Published: Aug. 19, 2021

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a concerning resurgence of mucormycosis. More than 47,000 cases mucormycosis were reported in three months from India. We update our systematic review on COVID-19-associated (CAM) till June 21st, 2021, comparing India and elsewhere. included individual patient details 275 CAM, which 233 42 the rest world. Diabetes mellitus was most common underlying risk factor for CAM other countries. fatality rate (36.5%) less globally (61.9%), probably due predominance rhino-orbital On multivariate analysis, we found that pulmonary or disseminated admission intensive care unit associated with increased mortality, while combination medical therapy improved survival. paucity suggests these either not diagnosed reported, further supported by trend search data Google engine. In this review, discuss factors explaining substantial rise CAM. also propose hypothetical model describing epidemiologic triad

Language: Английский

Citations

203