Dry eye disease in the young: A narrative review

The Ocular Surface, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 31, P. 11 - 20

Published: Dec. 7, 2023

Dry eye disease (DED), a multifactorial ocular that significantly impacts quality of life, is most commonly reported in adults. This review describes the prevalence, risk factors, diagnosis and management DED children. A literature search, conducted from January 2000-December 2022, identified 54 relevant publications. Using similar diagnostic criteria to those adults, namely standardized questionnaires evaluation tear film homeostatic signs, prevalence children ranged 5.5% 23.1 %. There was limited evidence for influence ethnicity children, however some studies an effect sex older Factors independently associated with included digital device use, duration outdoor time urban living, Rates were higher allergy underlying systemic diseases. Compared prior or based on signs symptoms lower but reported. Treatment options including lifestyle modifications, blinking, lid unpreserved lubricants mild escalating treatment severity. Management requires careful exploration symptoms, medical history comorbidities such as anterior blepharitis. Appropriately powered population-based are required understand factors Development age-appropriate thresholds would support better understanding natural history.

Language: Английский

---

Prevalence of dry eye disease among children: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open Ophthalmology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 10(1), P. e002014 - e002014

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Background Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disorder of the tear film and ocular surface instability that causes discomfort visual impairment. The increasing use digital devices changing lifestyle patterns have raised concerns about potential rise in DED among children. Understanding prevalence paediatric crucial for developing effective diagnostic management strategies tailored to this vulnerable population. Method An exhaustive literature search was performed on several databases covering period from 1 January 2001 April 2024. Prevalence estimates were combined using random effects models, heterogeneity sources explored through subgroup regression analyses. Results Our identified 7309 articles, which 41 representing 42 study cohorts (48 479 participants) included systematic review. estimated children 23.7% (95% CI 18.5% 28.9%). by different criteria (clinical signs vs reported symptoms questionnaire) 16.6% 13.7% 19.5%; 26 studies; 27 107 children) 34.6% 45.6%; 16 21 372 children; p<0.01), respectively. after COVID-19 pandemic outbreak 44.1% 25.5% 62.7%; 8 9163 children), significantly higher than 18.7% 15.6% 21.9%; 34studies, 39 316 p=0.01) before outbreak. High between-study noted (I 2 >92%). In meta-regression analysis, increased 7.1% with each 10° decrease latitude (p=0.015), 10.2% increase mean annual temperature (p=0.024). Conclusions common up 18 years age poses significant burden. Standardisation diagnosis further other risk factors are needed fully explain epidemiology

Language: Английский

---

Excessive screen time exposure leads to dry eyes and inflammatory conjunctivitis in children

Irish Journal of Medical Science (1971 -), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 26, 2025

Language: Английский

---

Association of excessive screen time exposure with ocular changes leading to astigmatism in children

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 20(4), P. e0317961 - e0317961

Published: April 1, 2025

Purpose The purpose of this study was to find the relationship between excessive screen time exposure and development astigmatism in children. Methods A cross-sectional correlational conducted at tertiary care hospital, Islamabad June 2023 May 2024. In total, 431 patients were included after informed written consent. Screen assessed through smartphone usage history or parental reports daily use smart gadget(s). Tear break-up measured using a fluorescein strip, cobalt blue filter on slit-lamp biomicroscope stopwatch. Data analyzed univariate multivariate statistical tests including Spearman’s correlation regression analyses. Results children (mean age: 6.70 ± 1.80 years; 55% male, 45% female). Mean 4.54 1.52 hours/day. positive magnitude observed (r = 0.33, p < 0.001). Regression analysis showed significant among (B 0.177, CI: 0.80-0.25). break- up (TBUT) negative with -0.167, 0.001), reduced TBUT linked higher risk inflammatory conjunctivitis lid thickening -0.431, -0.12 -0.49, results highlighted that conjunctivitis/lid thickness have three times greater developing high (OR 3.31, p-value 0.001, CI 1.91 5.73) while moderate such cases two (2.12, 0.004, 1.26-3.56). However, effect when combining has little is not (p-value 0.053). Thus, an independent factor causing (p Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test demonstrated improvement visual acuity correction Conclusion Excessive significantly associated astigmatism, tear film instability, ocular conditions, thickening. These findings suggest need for preventive strategies, as reducing encouraging regular eye examinations, protect children’s health.

Language: Английский

---

Oral Intake of Streptococcus thermophilus iHA318 Mitigates Dry Eye Symptoms in a Randomized Clinical Study

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 931 - 931

Published: April 10, 2025

Background/Objectives: A probiotic Streptococcus thermophilus (iHA318) has been demonstrated to alleviate dry eye symptoms in a mouse model. This study investigated its effects on mitigation clinical trial. Methods: total of 68 volunteers were recruited the double-blind trial and randomly divided into group placebo group. The received iHA318 capsules daily for 35 days via oral intake, while microcrystalline cellulose capsules. Assessments before after intervention performed tear volume (TV), break-up time (TBUT), osmolarity (Osmo), serum sialic acid (SA) concentrations, Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), an impression cytology analysis was conducted immunofluorescence detection NLRP3 expression. Results: significantly increased group, although effect observed showed significant reduction osmolarity, extended TBUT, improved OSDI score. These parameters also without statistical significance. In addition, SA contrast slight non-significant increase Reductions inflammasome activation found only Conclusions: conclusion, improvement major treatment compared

Language: Английский

---

Investigation of asthenopia prevalence and related factors in university students with ordered logistic regression

Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(4), P. 1395 - 1402

Published: April 1, 2025

A BSTRACT Background: Asthenopia, eye strain, occurs with prolonged use of digital devices and causes symptoms such as blurred vision headaches. Its prevalence is increasing among university students office workers; studies report a 50–90%, screen ergonomic factors in particular appearing to increase the risk. Aims: This study investigated asthenopia associated risk Turkey. Methods: web-based survey was administered 547 students, 234 met inclusion criteria. Statistical analyses were performed SPSS 29.0 package program. Frequency percentage distributions variables analyzed descriptive statistics. First, investigated. Participants who showed any vision, dry eyes, redness pain itching fatigue defined patients asthenopia, participants did not show them described “patients without asthenopia.” Multiple logistic regression analysis applied identify that most contributed asthenopia. The evaluated significance level based on P value 0.05 95% confidence interval. Results: Results 75.6% experienced asthenopia; common symptom eyestrain (37.6%). Logistic revealed women 3.385 times more likely develop than men. Wearing glasses increased by 4,645 compared wearing corrective lenses. Interestingly, while using for studying had protective effect, recreational 2 hours significantly Conclusion: high device users highlights need targeted interventions. effect work-related from provide fundamental information developing strategies reduce strain.

Language: Английский

---

Omega-3 fatty acids supplements for dry eye - Are they effective or ineffective?

Indian Journal of Ophthalmology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 71(4), P. 1619 - 1625

Published: April 1, 2023

To evaluate effectiveness of omega-3 fatty acid supplements in relieving dry eye symptoms and signs symptomatic visual display terminal users (VDT).A randomized controlled study was done; eyes 470 VDT were to receive four capsules twice daily for 6 months (O3FAgroup), each containing 180 mg eicosapentaenoic 120 docosahexaenoic acid. The O3FA group compared with another (n = 480) who received a placebo (olive oil) daily. Patients evaluated at baseline, 1, 3, months, respectively. primary outcome improvement index (a measure EPA DHA ratio RBC membrane). Secondary outcomes symptoms, Nelson grade on conjunctival impression cytology, Schirmer test values, tear film breakup time (TBUT), osmolarity. Means groups (pre-treatment, 6-months) repeated analysis variance.At 81% patients had low index. In the group, significant increase index, reduction osmolarity, Schirmer, TBUT, goblet cell density observed. These changes not group. Improvement parameters significantly (P < 0.001) better omega3 (<4%) subgroup.Dietary acids are effective users; appears be predictor identify potential likely benefit from oral dietary intervention.

Language: Английский

---

Prevalence of dry eye disease among IT students in Pakistan

International Ophthalmology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 44(1)

Published: April 26, 2024

Language: Английский

---

Nationwide trends in the prevalence of cataract, glaucoma, and macular degeneration among Korean adults amid the COVID-19 pandemic, 2015-2021: A representative study in South Korea

Life Cycle, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4

Published: June 1, 2024

Language: Английский

---

Exploring the Link Between Early Technology Exposure and Developmental Milestones in Childhood

Cureus, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 18, 2024

Background This study examined the relationship between touchscreen exposure and developmental outcomes in early childhood using Ages Stages Questionnaire, Third Edition (ASQ-3), a widely-used screening tool. Methods During well-child visit, parents of 51 children aged 18-36 months completed ASQ-3 survey on their child's habits (timing introduction, daily usage duration, independent use, engagement creative activities). Medical records were reviewed for diagnoses health conditions. Analysis One-way analysis variances (ANOVAs) differences domain scores (problem-solving, personal-social, communication, gross motor, fine motor) based age introduction average time. Independent t-tests compared groups defined by use activity engagement. Effect sizes calculated significant differences. Results In problem-solving domain, introduced to touchscreens before 12 scored significantly higher than those later, with statistical significance p<0.05 an effect size d=0.45. However, there no duration usage. personal-social at or later months, d=0.51. Moderate 30-90 minutes was associated lower less 30 more 90 (p<0.05). Additionally, who used independently had scores, p<0.01 d=0.76. Those engaged activities such as coloring crafting also d=0.82. other domains, effects observed. Discussion Earlier may facilitate skills like experimentation cognitive flexibility through interactive digital play. excessive (greater per day) could interfere pivotal social-emotional learning from real-world interactions, impeding development. Moderate, supervised combined hands-on appears optimal fostering strong competencies cooperation emotional understanding during toddler years. Conclusion Timing, context, content experiences relate differently specific domains. Guidelines should consider these nuances support overall healthy child development our world. Larger longitudinal studies multi-method assessments are needed.

Language: Английский

---