Senescence has been the focus of research for many centuries. Despite significant progress in extending average human life expectancy, the process of aging remains largely elusive and, unfortunately, inevitable. In this review, we attempted to summarize the current theories of aging and the approaches to understanding it.
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
71(19), P. 7175 - 7191
Published: May 8, 2023
Aging
refers
to
the
gradual
physiological
changes
that
occur
in
an
organism
after
reaching
adulthood,
resulting
senescence
and
a
decline
biological
functions,
ultimately
leading
death.
Epidemiological
evidence
shows
aging
is
driving
factor
developing
of
various
diseases,
including
cardiovascular
neurodegenerative
immune
system
disorders,
cancer,
chronic
low-grade
inflammation.
Natural
plant
polysaccharides
have
emerged
as
crucial
food
components
delaying
process.
Therefore,
it
essential
continuously
investigate
potential
sources
new
pharmaceuticals
for
aging.
Modern
pharmacological
research
indicates
can
exert
antiaging
effects
by
scavenging
free
radicals,
increasing
telomerase
activity,
regulating
apoptosis,
enhancing
immunity,
inhibiting
glycosylation,
improving
mitochondrial
dysfunction
gene
expression,
activating
autophagy,
modulating
gut
microbiota.
Moreover,
activity
mediated
one
or
more
signaling
pathways,
IIS,
mTOR,
Nrf2,
NF-κB,
Sirtuin,
p53,
MAPK,
UPR
pathways.
This
review
summarizes
properties
pathways
participating
polysaccharide-regulating
Finally,
we
discuss
structure-activity
relationships
polysaccharides.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
20(10), P. 5845 - 5845
Published: May 17, 2023
The
gut
microbiota
(GM)
has
been
the
subject
of
intense
research
in
recent
years.
Therefore,
numerous
factors
affecting
its
composition
have
thoroughly
examined,
and
with
them,
their
function
role
individual's
systems.
microbiota's
taxonomical
dramatically
impacts
older
adults'
health
status.
In
this
regard,
it
could
either
extend
life
expectancy
via
modulation
metabolic
processes
immune
system
or,
case
dysbiosis,
predispose
them
to
age-related
diseases,
including
bowel
inflammatory
musculoskeletal
diseases
neurological
disorders.
general,
microbiome
elderly
tends
present
taxonomic
functional
changes,
which
can
as
a
target
modulate
improve
population.
GM
centenarians
is
unique,
faculty-promoting
pathways
capable
preventing
counteracting
different
associated
diseases.
molecular
mechanisms
by
exhibit
anti-ageing
properties
are
mainly
based
on
anti-inflammatory
antioxidant
actions.
This
review
focuses
analysing
current
knowledge
characteristics
modifiers,
relationship
ageing,
GM-modulating
approaches
increase
expectancy.
Molecules,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
24(19), P. 3517 - 3517
Published: Sept. 28, 2019
As
an
irreversible
and
complex
degenerative
physiological
process,
the
treatment
for
aging
seems
strategically
necessary,
polysaccharides
play
important
roles
against
owing
to
their
abundant
bioactivities.
In
this
paper,
antioxidant
anti-aging
activities
of
Flammulina
velutipes
(FPS)
its
sulfated
FPS
(SFPS)
on
d-galactose-induced
mice
were
investigated.
The
in
vitro
demonstrated
that
SFPS
had
strong
reducing
power
superior
scavenging
effects
2,
2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl
(DPPH),
hydroxyl
radicals
chelating
Fe2+.
vivo
animal
experiments
manifested
showed
protective
abilities
by
increasing
enzyme
activities,
decreasing
lipid
peroxidation,
improving
inflammatory
response
ameliorating
anile
condition
mice.
Furthermore,
structural
analysis
was
investigated
through
FT-IR,
NMR,
HPLC
analysis,
results
indicated
a
homogeneous
heteropolysaccharide
with
weight-average
molecular
weight
2.81
×
103
Da.
has
also
changed
characteristic
functional
groups
monosaccharide
composition
compared
FPS.
These
suggested
modification
could
enhance
anti-oxidation,
F.
polysaccharides,
which
may
provide
references
development
foods
natural
medicines.
Scientific Reports,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
9(1)
Published: Oct. 1, 2019
Abstract
The
age-associated
imbalances
between
proliferation
and
apoptosis
lead
to
impaired
spermatogenesis
infertility.
decline
in
vitamin
D3
levels
has
been
reported
suggested
the
anti-aging
potential
of
D3.
However,
not
studied
relation
testicular
activity.
Thus,
we
investigated
effect
on
expression
markers,
apoptotic
antioxidants
system
oxidative
stress
a
D-gal-induced
aged
rat
model.
present
study
AGE
serum
testes
along
with
AGE-receptor
(AGER)
testis.
Vitamin
treatment
significantly
increases
cell
decreases
Furthermore,
testis
by
improving
antioxidant
defense
systems.
AGER
was
down-regulated
circulating
intra-testicular
higher
groups,
however,
only
decreased
groups.
immunolocalization
VDR
showed
increased
immunostaining
treatment.
it
can
be
concluded
that
delays
senescence
regulating
apoptosis.
Redox Biology,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
45, P. 102032 - 102032
Published: June 5, 2021
Cellular
growth
arrest,
associated
with
'senescence',
helps
to
safeguard
against
the
accumulation
of
DNA
damage
which
is
often
recognized
as
underlying
mechanism
a
wide
variety
age-related
pathologies
including
cancer.
senescence
has
also
been
described
'double-edged
sword'.
In
cancer,
for
example,
creation
an
immune-suppressive
milieu
by
senescent
tumor
cells
through
senescence-associated
secretory
phenotype
contributes
toward
carcinogenesis
and
cancer
progression.
The
potential
cellular
confer
multi-faceted
effects
on
tissue
fate
led
rejuvenated
interest
in
its
landscape
targeting.
Interestingly,
redox
pathways
have
both
triggers
propagators
senescence,
leading
intricate
cross-links
between
pathways.
this
review,
we
describe
mechanisms
driving
interface
metabolism
well
role
that
chemotherapy-induced
plays
secondary
carcinogenesis.
Notably,
anti-apoptotic
proteins
Bcl-2
family
play
inducing
drug
resistance
via
involve
induction.
Though
therapeutic
targeting
therapy
remains
infancy,
summarize
current
development
senotherapeutics,
senotherapies,
repurposing
drugs
senomorphic/senolytic
candidates.
Current Aging Science,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
12(1), P. 2 - 14
Published: March 13, 2019
Age-related
cognitive
decline
has
been
suggested
to
result
from
an
increase
in
the
brain
neuron
loss,
which
is
attributable
continued
derangement
of
brain's
oxidant/
antioxidant
balance.
Increased
oxidative
stress
and
a
concomitant
decrease
defense
system
have
associated
with
functional
senescence
organismal
ageing.
However,
nature
configured
certain
foods
be
rich
sources
nootropic
agents,
research
showing
that
increased
consumption
such
or
food
ingredients
may
protective
against
ageing-related
memory
decline.
This
knowledge
becoming
increasingly
valuable
era
when
boundary
separates
medicine
blurred.
In
this
review,
we
examine
extant
literature
dealing
impact
ageing
on
structure
function,
emphasis
roles
stress.
Secondly,
review
benefits
food-based
antioxidants
effects
and/or
agents
mitigating
decline;
view
improving
our
understanding
likely
mechanisms.
We
also
highlight
some
limitations
use
nootropics
suggest
ways
they
can
better
employed
clinical
management
age-related
Heliyon,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
9(8), P. e18239 - e18239
Published: July 18, 2023
Longevity
has
been
a
topic
of
interest
since
the
beginnings
humanity,
yet
its
aetiology
and
precise
mechanisms
remain
to
be
elucidated.
Aging
is
currently
viewed
as
physiological
phenomenon
characterized
by
gradual
degeneration
organic
physiology
morphology
due
passage
time
where
both
external
internal
stimuli
intervene.
The
influence
intrinsic
factors,
such
progressive
telomere
shortening,
genome
instability
mutation
buildup,
direct
or
indirect
actions
age-related
genes,
marked
changes
in
epigenetic,
metabolic,
mitochondrial
patterns
constitute
big
part
underlying
endogenous
mechanisms.
On
other
hand,
several
psychosocial
demographic
diet,
physical
activity,
smoking,
drinking
habits,
may
have
an
even
more
significant
impact
on
shaping
aging
process.
Consequentially,
implementing
dietary
exercise
proposed
most
viable
alternative
strategy
for
attenuating
typical
degenerative
changes,
thus
increasing
likelihood
prolonging
lifespan
achieving
successful
aging.
Jundishapur Journal of Natural Pharmaceutical Products,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
20(1)
Published: Feb. 9, 2025
Background:
D-Galactose
(D-Gal)
is
naturally
produced
in
the
body
and
significantly
impacts
aging
process
pathogenesis
of
some
diseases.
Objectives:
This
study
aimed
to
investigate
protective
impact
oleuropein
(OLE)
against
D-Gal-induced
heart
rat
models.
Methods:
Forty
Wistar
male
adult
rats
were
categorized
into
five
groups.
The
primary
group
was
given
distilled
water,
second
D-Gal
at
100
mg/kg
intraperitoneally.
groups
3
5
orally
administered
(100
mg/kg)
once
a
day.
These
simultaneously
subjected
dosages
OLE
(20,
40,
80
mg/kg,
respectively)
via
oral
route.
All
treatments
day
for
eight
consecutive
weeks.
Approximately
24
hours
after
final
treatment,
euthanized,
serum
specimens
collected.
levels
protein
carbonyl
(PC),
malondialdehyde
(MDA),
superoxide
dismutase
(SOD),
glutathione
peroxidase
(GPx),
expression
proliferator-activated
receptor-gamma
coactivator
(PGC-1α)
sirtuin
1
(SIRT1)
genes
tissue
determined.
Heart
preserved
10%
formalin
hematoxylin
eosin
(H&E)
histological
examination.
Results:
findings
showed
that
decreased
GPx,
catalase
(CAT),
SOD,
(GSH)
levels,
as
well
SIRT1
PGC1
within
(P
<
0.05).
Additionally,
increased
PC
MDA
cardiac
markers
[creatine
kinase-MB
(CK-MB),
lactate
dehydrogenase
(LDH),
aspartate
aminotransferase
(AST),
troponin
I
(cTnI)]
effect
confirmed
by
Conclusions:
demonstrated
dose-dependently
reduced
lesions
caused
D-Gal.
suggest
through
reduction
oxidative
damage.
