Management of oxidative stress and other pathologies in Alzheimer’s disease

Archives of Toxicology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 93(9), С. 2491 - 2513

Опубликована: Авг. 22, 2019

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by the formation, aggregation and accumulation of amyloid beta, perturbed metal (copper, iron zinc) homeostasis, metal-induced oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, aberrant activity acetylcholinesterase (AChE) other pathologies. The aim this review to discuss current therapies based on "combination-drugs-multitargets" strategy target multiple pathologies block progression pathogenesis AD. In addition cholinergic targets, significant effort focused targeting stress component disease. main focus research modifications existing drugs with specific biological activity. Tacrine was first AChE inhibitor be introduced into clinical practice has been frequently used for design multitarget-directed ligands. A number hybrid compounds containing tacrine structural moieties derived from natural sources such as flavonoids [quercetin, rutin, coumarin, gallamine, resveratrol, scutellarin, anisidine, hesperetin, (−)-epicatechin] molecules (melatonin, trolox) have also applied function Most these hybrids are potent inhibitors butyrylcholinesterase amyloid-beta aggregation. addition, antioxidant functionality, represented coumarins, melatonin reduces level via ROS-scavenging mechanisms, well chelation redox-active Cu Fe, thus suppressing formation ROS Fenton reaction. Various medicinal plants under investigation their ability ameliorate symptoms therapeutic potency huperzine B, ginseng, curcumin manifested predominantly inhibitory action toward AChE, or radical-scavenging redox metal-chelating activity, inhibition tau-protein hyperphosphorylation antiinflammatory Flavonoids not only antioxidants agents, but interact protein kinase lipid signaling pathways, others involving mitogen-activated kinase, NF-kappaB tyrosine kinase. Among most promising group substances potential against AD flavonoids, including myricetin, morin, quercetin, fisetin, kaempferol, apigenin glycitein, which shown, in vitro, possess antiamyloidogenic fibril-destabilization being able act chelators stress. terms use multifunctional hybrids, herbal AD, some remaining challenges establish ideal dose develop effective formulations preserve bioavailability determine stage when they should administered. If onset could delayed decade, victims would significantly reduced.

Язык: Английский

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Targeting Akt/CREB/BDNF signaling pathway by ginsenosides in neurodegenerative diseases: A mechanistic approach

Pharmacological Research, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 177, С. 106099 - 106099

Опубликована: Янв. 26, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Effects of medicinal plants on Alzheimer's disease and memory deficits

Neural Regeneration Research, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 12(4), С. 660 - 660

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2017

Alzheimer's disease is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory deficits. Various studies have been carried out to find therapeutic approaches for disease. However, the proper treatment option still not available. There no cure disease, but symptomatic may improve and other dementia related problems. Traditional medicine practiced worldwide as enhancer since ancient times. Natural therapy including herbs medicinal plants has used in of deficits such dementia, amnesia, well a long time. Medicinal different systems medicine, particularly Unani system medicines exhibited their powerful roles management disorders. Most chemically evaluated efficacy also proven clinical trials. underlying mechanisms actions are on way. In this paper, we reviewed role that play important using conventional herbal therapy.

Язык: Английский

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Pharmacological Effects of Active Components of Chinese Herbal Medicine in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: A Review

The American Journal of Chinese Medicine, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 44(08), С. 1525 - 1541

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2016

Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common neurodegenerative disorder associated with dementia, not only severely decreases quality of life for its victims, but also brings a heavy economic burden to family and society. Unfortunately, few chemical drugs designed clinical applications have reached expected preventive or therapeutic effect so far, combined their significant side-effects, there is therefore an urgent need new strategies be developed AD treatment. Traditional Chinese Medicine has accumulated many experiences in treatment dementia during thousands years practice; modern pharmacological studies confirmed effects active components derived from herbal medicines (CHM). Ginsenoside Rg1, extracted Radix Ginseng, exerts [Formula: see text]-secretase inhibitor as decrease A[Formula: text] aggregation. It can inhibit apoptosis neuron cells. Tanshinone IIA, Salviae miltiorrhizae, baicalin, Scutellariae[Formula: oxidative stress injury neuronal Icariin, Epimedium brevicornum, levels hyperphosphorylation tau protein, apoptosis. Huperzine A, Huperzia serrata, cholinesterase effect. Evodiamine, Fructus Evodiae, curcumin, Rhizoma Curcumae Longae, exert anti-inflammatory actions. Curcumin act on too. Due advantages multi-target fewer side effects, medicine more appropriate long-term use. In this present review, commonly used are discussed.

Язык: Английский

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Panax ginseng as an adjuvant treatment for Alzheimer's disease

Journal of Ginseng Research, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 42(4), С. 401 - 411

Опубликована: Янв. 12, 2018

Longevity in medicine can be defined as a long life without mental or physical deficits. This prevented by Alzheimer's disease (AD). Current conventional AD treatments only alleviate the symptoms reversing progression. Recent studies demonstrated that Panax ginseng extract improves patients with AD, and two main components of might contribute to amelioration. Ginsenosides show various AD-related neuroprotective effects. Gintonin is newly identified constituent contains lysophosphatidic acids attenuates brain neuropathies. decrease amyloid β-protein (Aβ) formation inhibiting β- γ-secretase activity activating nonamyloidogenic pathway, inhibit acetylcholinesterase Aβ-induced neurotoxicity, production reactive oxygen species neuroinflammatory reactions. Oral administration ginsenosides increases expression levels enzymes involved acetylcholine synthesis alleviates cholinergic deficits models. Similarly, gintonin inhibits neurotoxicity activates pathway reduce Aβ increase choline acetyltransferase through acid receptors. plaque deposits, boosting hippocampal systems neurogenesis, thereby ameliorating learning memory impairments. It also cognitive functions AD. attenuate neuropathology multiple routes. review focuses research demonstrating constituents could candidate an adjuvant for treatment. However, clinical investigations including efficacy tolerability analyses may necessary acceptance combination drugs.

Язык: Английский

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Black Ginseng and Its Saponins: Preparation, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Effects

Molecules, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 24(10), С. 1856 - 1856

Опубликована: Май 14, 2019

Black ginseng is a type of processed that prepared from white or red by steaming and drying several times. This process causes extensive changes in types amounts secondary metabolites. The chief metabolites are ginsenosides (dammarane-type triterpene saponins), which transform into less polar black steaming. In addition, apparent happen to other such as the increase contents phenolic compounds, reducing sugars acidic polysaccharides addition decrease concentrations free amino acids total polysaccharides. Furthermore, presence some Maillard reaction products like maltol was also engaged. These obvious chemical were associated with noticeable superiority for over most comparative biological studies. review article an attempt illustrate different methods preparation ginseng, major saponins constituents after well reported activities its

Язык: Английский

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Neuroprotective effects of ginseng protein on PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in the hippocampus of D -galactose/AlCl 3 inducing rats model of Alzheimer’s disease

Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 179, С. 162 - 169

Опубликована: Дек. 23, 2015

Язык: Английский

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Characteristics of Panax ginseng Cultivars in Korea and China

Molecules, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 25(11), С. 2635 - 2635

Опубликована: Июнь 5, 2020

Ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) is one of the most important medicinal herbs in Asia. Its pharmacological activity comes from ginsenosides, and its roots are produced commercially for traditional Oriental medicine. Though 17 Panax species available around world, there was a need to develop cultivars adapted different climatic conditions resistant various diseases while still producing high-quality, high-yield roots. Thus, 12 9 commercial P. have been registered South Korea China, respectively. Those varieties show superiority local landraces. For example, Chunpoong more highly rusty rot disease than Jakyungjong landrace has good root shape; it cultivated produce red ginseng. The Chinese cultivar Jilin Huangguo Renshen higher ginsenoside content This review provides information about offers directions future research, such as intra- interspecific hybridization.

Язык: Английский

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The effects of ginsenoside Rg1 on chronic stress induced depression-like behaviors, BDNF expression and the phosphorylation of PKA and CREB in rats

Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 322, С. 358 - 369

Опубликована: Фев. 28, 2016

Язык: Английский

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Ginsenoside Rd ameliorates colitis by inducing p62-driven mitophagy-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome inactivation in mice

Biochemical Pharmacology, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 155, С. 366 - 379

Опубликована: Июль 25, 2018

Язык: Английский

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