Reactive oxygen species, toxicity, oxidative stress, and antioxidants: chronic diseases and aging

Archives of Toxicology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 97(10), С. 2499 - 2574

Опубликована: Авг. 19, 2023

Abstract A physiological level of oxygen/nitrogen free radicals and non-radical reactive species (collectively known as ROS/RNS) is termed oxidative eustress or “good stress” characterized by low to mild levels oxidants involved in the regulation various biochemical transformations such carboxylation, hydroxylation, peroxidation, modulation signal transduction pathways Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, phosphoinositide-3-kinase, nuclear factor erythroid 2–related 2 (Nrf2) other processes. Increased ROS/RNS, generated from both endogenous (mitochondria, NADPH oxidases) and/or exogenous sources (radiation, certain drugs, foods, cigarette smoking, pollution) result a harmful condition stress (“bad stress”). Although it widely accepted, that many chronic diseases are multifactorial origin, they share common denominator. Here we review importance mechanisms through which contributes pathological states an organism. Attention focused on chemistry ROS RNS (e.g. superoxide radical, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radicals, peroxyl nitric oxide, peroxynitrite), their role damage DNA, proteins, membrane lipids. Quantitative qualitative assessment biomarkers also discussed. Oxidative pathology cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, neurological disorders (Alzheimer’s Parkinson’s Down syndrome), psychiatric (depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder), renal disease, lung disease (chronic pulmonary obstruction, cancer), aging. The concerted action antioxidants ameliorate effect achieved antioxidant enzymes (Superoxide dismutases-SODs, catalase, glutathione peroxidase-GPx), small molecular weight (vitamins C E, flavonoids, carotenoids, melatonin, ergothioneine, others). Perhaps one most effective vitamin first line defense against peroxidation promising approach appears be use flavonoids), showing weak prooxidant properties may boost cellular systems thus act preventive anticancer agents. Redox metal-based enzyme mimetic compounds potential pharmaceutical interventions sirtuins therapeutic targets for age-related anti-aging strategies

Язык: Английский

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Dietary Regulation of Oxidative Stress in Chronic Metabolic Diseases

Foods, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 10(8), С. 1854 - 1854

Опубликована: Авг. 11, 2021

Oxidative stress is a status of imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants, resulting in molecular damage interruption redox signaling an organism. Indeed, oxidative has been associated with many metabolic disorders due to unhealthy dietary patterns may be alleviated by properly increasing the intake antioxidants. Thus, it quite important adopt healthy mode regulate maintain cell tissue homeostasis, preventing inflammation chronic diseases. This review focuses on links nutrients health, summarizing role 'unhealthy' pathway activities individuals how further regulated balanced diets.

Язык: Английский

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Gene–environment interactions in Alzheimer disease: the emerging role of epigenetics

Nature Reviews Neurology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 18(11), С. 643 - 660

Опубликована: Сен. 30, 2022

Язык: Английский

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The Role of Antioxidants in the Interplay between Oxidative Stress and Senescence

Antioxidants, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 11(7), С. 1224 - 1224

Опубликована: Июнь 22, 2022

Cellular senescence is an irreversible state of cell cycle arrest occurring in response to stressful stimuli, such as telomere attrition, DNA damage, reactive oxygen species, and oncogenic proteins. Although beneficial protective several physiological processes, excessive senescent burden has been involved various pathological conditions including aging, tissue dysfunction chronic diseases. Oxidative stress (OS) can drive due a loss balance between pro-oxidant stimuli antioxidant defences. Therefore, the identification characterization compounds capable preventing or counteracting phenotype major interest. However, despite considerable number studies, comprehensive overview main molecules OS-induced still lacking. Here, besides brief description molecular mechanisms implicated OS-mediated we review discuss role enzymes, mitochondria-targeting compounds, vitamins, carotenoids, organosulfur nitrogen non-protein molecules, minerals, flavonoids, non-flavonoids with anti-aging potential, therefore offering insights into innovative lifespan-extending approaches.

Язык: Английский

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Antioxidant Therapeutic Strategies in Neurodegenerative Diseases

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 23(16), С. 9328 - 9328

Опубликована: Авг. 19, 2022

The distinguishing pathogenic features of neurodegenerative diseases include mitochondrial dysfunction and derived reactive oxygen species generation. neural tissue is highly sensitive to oxidative stress this a prominent factor in both chronic acute neurodegeneration. Based on this, therapeutic strategies using antioxidant molecules towards redox equilibrium have been widely used for the treatment several brain pathologies. Globally, polyphenols, carotenes vitamins are among most typical exogenous agents that tested neurodegeneration as adjunctive therapies. However, other types antioxidants, including hormones, such melatonin, also considered neuroprotective different contexts. This review highlights relevant targets main disorders Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's Huntington's disease less represented amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, well traumatic injury, while summarizing latest randomized placebo-controlled trials.

Язык: Английский

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Oxidative stress, the blood–brain barrier and neurodegenerative diseases: The critical beneficial role of dietary antioxidants

Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(10), С. 3988 - 4024

Опубликована: Июль 16, 2023

In recent years, growing awareness of the role oxidative stress in brain health has prompted antioxidants, especially dietary to receive attention as possible treatments strategies for patients with neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). The most widely studied antioxidants include active substances such vitamins, carotenoids, flavonoids and polyphenols. Dietary are found usually consumed foods fresh fruits, vegetables, nuts oils gaining popularity due recently their potential preventive protective agents against NDs, well abundant natural sources, generally non-toxic nature, ease long-term consumption. This review article examines development explores ‘two-sidedness’ blood–brain barrier (BBB) a nervous system an impeding use drug medicinal products and/or supplements prevention therapy reviews BBB permeability common suplements efficacy treatment NDs. Finally, current challenges future directions NDs using discussed, useful information on is provided.

Язык: Английский

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Brain targeted peptide-functionalized chitosan nanoparticles for resveratrol delivery: Impact on insulin resistance and gut microbiota in obesity-related Alzheimer's disease

Carbohydrate Polymers, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 310, С. 120714 - 120714

Опубликована: Фев. 18, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Resveratrol Activates Antioxidant Protective Mechanisms in Cellular Models of Alzheimer’s Disease Inflammation

Antioxidants, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(2), С. 177 - 177

Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2024

Resveratrol is a natural phenolic compound with known benefits against neurodegeneration. We analyzed in vitro the protective mechanisms of resveratrol proinflammatory monomeric C-reactive protein (mCRP). mCRP increases risk AD after stroke and we previously demonstrated that intracerebral induces AD-like dementia mice. Here, used BV2 microglia treated for 24 h presence or absence resveratrol. Cells conditioned media were collected analysis. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has also been implicated progression so LPS was as resveratrol-sensitive reference agent. at concentration 50 µg/mL activated nitric oxide pathway NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. Furthermore, induced cyclooxygenase-2 release cytokines. effectively inhibited these changes increased expression antioxidant enzyme genes Cat Sod2. As central defense, hub Sirt1 Nfe2l2 nuclear translocation signal transducer NF-ĸB. Proinflammatory by primary mixed glial cultures protected This work provides mechanistic insight into preventing agents.

Язык: Английский

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The hormesis principle of neuroplasticity and neuroprotection

Cell Metabolism, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 36(2), С. 315 - 337

Опубликована: Янв. 10, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Oxidative/Nitrosative Stress, Apoptosis, and Redox Signaling: Key Players in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 39(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Neurodegenerative diseases are significant health concerns that have a profound impact on the quality and duration of life for millions individuals. These characterized by pathological changes in various brain regions, specific genetic mutations associated with disease, deposits abnormal proteins, degeneration neurological cells. As neurodegenerative disorders vary their epidemiological characteristics vulnerability neurons, treatment these is usually aimed at slowing disease progression. The heterogeneity environmental factors involved process neurodegeneration makes current methods inadequate. However, existence common molecular mechanisms pathogenesis may allow development new targeted therapeutic strategies. Oxidative nitrosative stress damages membrane components accumulating ROS RNS disrupting redox balance. This results induction apoptosis, which important through oxidative stress. Studies conducted using postmortem human samples, animal models, cell cultures demonstrated stress, apoptosis crucial such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Multiple Sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease. excessive production reactive oxygen nitrogen species, elevated levels free radicals, heightened mitochondrial disturbances energy metabolism, oxidation nitrosylation cellular macromolecules recognized triggers neuronal death. Challenges managing treating require better understanding this field level. Therefore, review elaborates apoptosis.

Язык: Английский

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