Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
are
lipid
bilayer
nanoparticles
naturally
released
from
cells,
playing
a
crucial
role
in
intercellular
communication.
They
modulate
gene
expression
and
regulate
physiological
pathological
processes,
including
acute
lung
injury
(ALI)
respiratory
distress
syndrome
(ARDS).
Research
has
shown
that
EVs
contain
variety
of
active
components,
biocompatible
small
size,
do
not
trigger
immune
rejection,
making
the
infusion
exogenous
promising
therapeutic
tool.
With
further
research,
engineering
strategies
have
been
proposed
to
enhance
clinical
potential
EVs.
These
involve
modifying
either
donor
cells
secrete
or
themselves
can
be
engineered
circumvent
limitations
native
In
this
review,
an
overview
biological
properties
is
provided
current
treating
ALI/ARDS,
along
with
latest
research
findings,
summarized.
The
challenges
opportunities
for
translation
as
novel
tool
also
discussed,
offering
new
insights
into
treatment
ALI/ARDS
using
EV
technology.
Materials Today Bio,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
18, С. 100522 - 100522
Опубликована: Дек. 21, 2022
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
are
a
collective
term
for
nanoscale
or
microscale
secreted
by
cells
that
play
important
biological
roles.
Mesenchymal
stem
class
of
with
the
potential
self-healing
and
multidirectional
differentiation.
In
recent
years,
numerous
studies
have
shown
EVs,
especially
those
mesenchymal
cells,
can
promote
repair
regeneration
various
tissues
and,
thus,
significant
in
regenerative
medicine.
However,
due
to
rapid
clearance
capacity
circulatory
system,
EVs
barely
able
act
persistently
at
specific
sites
target
tissues.
Hydrogels
good
biocompatibility
loose
porous
structural
properties
allow
them
serve
as
EV
carriers,
thereby
prolonging
retention
certain
areas
slowing
release
EVs.
When
needed
function
sites,
EV-loaded
hydrogels
stand
an
excellent
approach.
this
review,
we
first
introduce
sources,
roles,
extraction
characterization
methods
describe
their
current
application
status.
We
then
review
different
types
discuss
factors
influencing
abilities
carry
summarize
several
strategies
loading
into
characterizing
hydrogels.
Furthermore,
applications
tissue
repair.
This
article
concludes
summary
state
research
on
outlook
future
directions,
which
hope
will
provide
promising
ideas
researchers.
Experimental & Molecular Medicine,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
56(4), С. 836 - 849
Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2024
Abstract
Exosomes,
which
are
nanosized
vesicles
secreted
by
cells,
attracting
increasing
interest
in
the
field
of
biomedical
research
due
to
their
unique
properties,
including
biocompatibility,
cargo
loading
capacity,
and
deep
tissue
penetration.
They
serve
as
natural
signaling
agents
intercellular
communication,
inherent
ability
carry
proteins,
lipids,
nucleic
acids
endows
them
with
remarkable
therapeutic
potential.
Thus,
exosomes
can
be
exploited
for
diverse
applications,
chemotherapy,
gene
therapy,
photothermal
therapy.
Moreover,
capacity
homotypic
targeting
self-recognition
provides
opportunities
personalized
medicine.
Despite
advantages
novel
agents,
there
several
challenges
optimizing
efficiency
structural
stability
defining
exosome
origins.
Future
should
include
development
large-scale,
quality-controllable
production
methods,
refinement
drug
strategies,
extensive
vivo
studies
clinical
trials.
unresolved
difficulties,
use
efficient,
stable,
safe
delivery
systems
is
an
interesting
area
research.
Therefore,
this
review
describes
summarizes
cutting-edge
published
high-impact
journals
that
have
introduced
or
enhanced
effects
using
a
system
past
2
years.
We
provide
informative
overview
current
state
research,
highlighting
properties
applications
exosomes.
also
emphasize
future
directions,
underscoring
importance
addressing
key
issues
field.
With
review,
we
encourage
researchers
further
develop
exosome-based
drugs
application,
such
may
among
most
promising
next-generation
therapeutics.
Journal of Controlled Release,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
366, С. 812 - 833
Опубликована: Янв. 25, 2024
In
the
past
decade
RNA-based
therapies
such
as
small
interfering
RNA
(siRNA)
and
messenger
(mRNA)
have
emerged
new
ground-breaking
therapeutic
agents
for
treatment
prevention
of
many
conditions
from
viral
infection
to
cancer.
Most
clinically
approved
are
parenterally
administered
which
impacts
patient
compliance
adds
healthcare
costs.
Pulmonary
administration
via
inhalation
is
a
non-invasive
means
deliver
offers
an
attractive
alternative
injection.
Nebulisation
particularly
appealing
method
due
capacity
large
doses
during
tidal
breathing.
this
review,
we
discuss
unique
physiological
barriers
presented
by
lung
efficient
nebulised
delivery
approaches
adopted
circumvent
problem.
Additionally,
different
types
nebulisers
evaluated
perspective
their
suitability
delivery.
Furthermore,
recent
preclinical
studies
involving
nebulisation
analysis
in
vitro
vivo
settings.
Several
also
demonstrated
importance
effective
vector
therefore
assess
variety
lipid,
polymeric
hybrid-based
systems
utilised
date.
We
consider
outlook
medicinal
products
hurdles
must
be
overcome
successful
clinical
translation.
summary,
has
promising
potential
several
lung-related
asthma,
COPD
cystic
fibrosis,
mode
crucial
success.
International Journal of Nanomedicine,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
Volume 19, С. 1509 - 1538
Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2024
Abstract:
Lungs
experience
frequent
interactions
with
the
external
environment
and
have
an
abundant
supply
of
blood;
therefore,
they
are
susceptible
to
invasion
by
pathogenic
microorganisms
tumor
cells.
However,
limited
pharmacokinetics
conventional
drugs
in
lungs
poses
a
clinical
challenge.
The
emergence
different
nano-formulations
has
been
facilitated
advancements
nanotechnology.
Inhaled
nanomedicines
exhibit
better
targeting
prolonged
therapeutic
effects.
Although
great
potential,
still
present
several
unknown
risks.
Herein,
we
review
(1)
physiological
anatomy
their
biological
barriers,
(2)
toxicology
nanomaterial
formulations
lungs;
(3)
current
nanomaterials
that
can
be
applied
respiratory
system
related
design
strategies,
(4)
applications
inhaled
treating
disorders,
vaccine
design,
imaging
detection
based
on
characteristics
nanomaterials.
Finally,
(5)
analyze
summarize
challenges
prospects
for
disease
applications.
We
believe
nanomaterials,
particularly
nano-formulations,
excellent
application
diseases.
emphasize
simultaneous
toxic
side
effects
must
considered
during
these
emerging
medicines.
This
study
aims
offer
comprehensive
guidelines
valuable
insights
conducting
research
domain
system.
Keywords:
nanoparticles,
system,
lungs,
nanotechnology
Journal of Controlled Release,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
379, С. 421 - 439
Опубликована: Янв. 16, 2025
Aerosol
delivery
represents
a
rapid
and
non-invasive
way
to
directly
reach
the
lungs
while
escaping
hepatic
first-pass
effect.
The
development
of
pulmonary
drugs
for
respiratory
diseases
such
as
cystic
fibrosis,
lung
infections,
fibrosis
or
cancer
requires
an
enhanced
understanding
relationships
between
natural
physiology
system
pathophysiology
these
conditions.
This
knowledge
is
crucial
better
predict
thereby
control
drug
deposition.
Moreover,
aerosol
administration
faces
several
challenges,
including
tract,
immune
system,
mucociliary
clearance,
presence
fluid
on
airway
surfaces,
and,
in
some
cases,
bacterial
colonisation.
Each
them
influences
bioavailability
active
molecule.
In
addition
particle
size
device
used
administer
treatment
are
critical
factors
that
can
significantly
impact
biodistribution
drugs.
Nanoparticles
very
promising
new
formulations
delivery,
they
be
fine-tuned
entire
tract
overcome
difficulties
encountered
along
way.
However,
properly
assess
preclinical
studies
need
more
thorough
efficiently
enhance
delivery.
Molecular Therapy,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
31(5), С. 1346 - 1364
Опубликована: Янв. 11, 2023
Acute
lung
injury
(ALI)
is
still
associated
with
high
mortality.
Growing
evidence
suggests
that
Club
Cell
Protein
16
(CC16)
plays
a
protective
role
against
ALI.
However,
the
doses
of
recombinant
CC16
(rCC16)
used
in
preclinical
studies
are
supraphysiological
for
clinical
applications.
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
nanovesicles
endogenously
generated
by
mammalian
cells.
Our
study
demonstrated
released
via
small
EVs
and
EV-encapsulated
(sEV-CC16)
has
anti-inflammatory
activities,
which
protect
mice
from
lipopolysaccharide
(LPS)
or
bacteria-induced
Additionally,
sEV-CC16
can
activate
DNA
damage
repair
signaling
pathways.
Consistent
this
activity,
we
observed
more
severe
lungs
Cc16
knockout
(KO)
than
wild-type
(WT)
mice.
Mechanistically,
elucidated
suppresses
nuclear
factor
κB
(NF-κB)
activation
binding
to
heat
shock
protein
60
(HSP60).
We
concluded
could
be
potential
therapeutic
agent
ALI
inhibiting
inflammatory
responses
reducing
NF-κB
signaling.
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
162, С. 114615 - 114615
Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2023
Cell
therapy
is
one
of
the
methods
that
have
shown
promising
results
in
treating
diseases
recent
decades.
However,
use
different
types
cells
comes
with
limitations.
The
application
immune
cell
can
lead
to
cytokine
storms
and
inappropriate
responses
self-antigens.
Also,
stem
has
potential
create
tumors.
may
not
migrate
injury
site
after
intravenous
injection.
Therefore,
using
exosomes
from
as
therapeutic
candidates
were
proposed.
Due
their
small
size
favorable
characteristics,
such
biocompatibility
immunocompatibility,
easy
storage
isolation,
attracted
much
attention.
They
are
used
many
diseases,
including
cardiovascular
orthopedic
autoimmune
cancer.
various
studies
efficiency
(Exo)
be
increased
by
loading
drugs
microRNAs
inside
them
(encapsulated
exosomes).
analyzing
investigating
encapsulated
exosomes'
ability
critical.
In
this
study,
we
examined
related
cancer
infectious
regenerative
medicine.
Compared
intact
exosomes,
show
a
higher
ability.
Therefore
it
suggested
method
depending
on
treatment
type
increase
treatment's
efficiency.
Nano Letters,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
23(17), С. 8115 - 8125
Опубликована: Авг. 29, 2023
Tumor-derived
extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
are
promising
to
monitor
early
stage
cancer.
Unfortunately,
isolating
and
analyzing
EVs
from
a
patient's
liquid
biopsy
challenging.
For
this,
we
devised
an
EV
membrane
proteins
detection
system
(EV-MPDS)
based
on
Förster
resonance
energy
transfer
(FRET)
signals
between
aptamer
quantum
dots
AIEgen
dye,
which
eliminated
the
extraction
purification
conveniently
diagnose
lung
In
cohort
of
80
clinical
samples,
this
showed
enhanced
accuracy
(100%
versus
65%)
sensitivity
55%)
in
cancer
diagnosis
as
compared
ELISA
method.
Improved
screening
(from
96.4%
100%)
was
achieved
by
comprehensively
profiling
five
biomarkers
using
machine
learning
analysis
system.
FRET-based
tumor
EV-MPDS
is
thus
isolation-free,
low-volume
(1
μL),
highly
accurate
approach,
providing
potential
aid
screening.
