Cell Reports,
Год журнала:
2017,
Номер
20(13), С. 3099 - 3112
Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2017
Pupil
size
is
collectively
controlled
by
the
sympathetic
dilator
and
parasympathetic
sphincter
muscles.
Locus
coeruleus
(LC)
activation
has
been
shown
to
evoke
pupil
dilation,
but
how
pathways
contribute
this
dilation
remains
unknown.
We
examined
elicited
LC
in
lightly
anesthetized
rats.
Unilateral
evoked
bilateral
lateralized
dilation;
i.e.,
ipsilateral
was
significantly
larger
than
contralateral
dilation.
Surgically
blocking
ipsilateral,
not
contralateral,
pathway
reduced
lateralization,
suggesting
that
lateralization
mainly
due
contribution.
Moreover,
we
found
sympathetic,
parasympathetic,
contribution
correlated
with
frequency.
Together,
our
results
unveil
frequency-dependent
contributions
of
activation-evoked
suggest
task-evoked
dilations
may
be
used
as
a
biomarker
for
autonomic
tone.
Nature Communications,
Год журнала:
2016,
Номер
7(1)
Опубликована: Ноя. 8, 2016
Abstract
Rapid
variations
in
cortical
state
during
wakefulness
have
a
strong
influence
on
neural
and
behavioural
responses
are
tightly
coupled
to
changes
pupil
size
across
species.
However,
the
physiological
processes
linking
largely
unknown.
Here
we
demonstrate
that
these
rapid
variations,
both
quiet
waking
locomotion,
highly
correlated
with
fluctuations
activity
of
corticopetal
noradrenergic
cholinergic
projections.
dilations
associated
phasic
axons,
whereas
longer-lasting
pupil,
such
as
accompanied
by
sustained
axons.
Thus,
can
be
used
sensitively
track
multiple
neuromodulatory
transmitter
systems
they
control
brain.
Nature Communications,
Год журнала:
2017,
Номер
8(1)
Опубликована: Март 3, 2017
Abstract
While
judging
their
sensory
environments,
decision-makers
seem
to
use
the
uncertainty
about
choices
guide
adjustments
of
subsequent
behaviour.
One
possible
source
these
behavioural
is
arousal:
decision
might
drive
brain’s
arousal
systems,
which
control
global
brain
state
and
thereby
shape
decision-making.
Here,
we
measure
pupil
diameter,
a
proxy
for
central
state,
in
human
observers
performing
perceptual
choice
task
varying
difficulty.
Pupil
dilation,
after
but
before
external
feedback,
reflects
three
hallmark
signatures
derived
from
computational
model.
This
increase
pupil-linked
boosts
observers’
tendency
alternate
on
trial.
We
conclude
that
drives
rapid
changes
serial
correlation
structure
ongoing
Decision-makers
often
arrive
at
different
choices
when
faced
with
repeated
presentations
of
the
same
evidence.
Variability
behavior
is
commonly
attributed
to
noise
in
brain’s
decision-making
machinery.
We
hypothesized
that
phasic
responses
brainstem
arousal
systems
are
a
significant
source
this
variability.
tracked
pupil
(a
proxy
arousal)
during
sensory-motor
decisions
humans,
across
sensory
modalities
and
task
protocols.
Large
generally
predicted
reduction
decision
bias.
Using
fMRI,
we
showed
pupil-linked
bias
was
(i)
accompanied
by
modulation
choice-encoding
pattern
signals
parietal
prefrontal
cortex
(ii)
phasic,
number
neuromodulatory
centers
involved
control
cortical
state,
including
noradrenergic
locus
coeruleus.
conclude
suppresses
on
trial-by-trial
basis,
thus
accounting
for
component
variability
choice
behavior.
Science,
Год журнала:
2017,
Номер
355(6328), С. 954 - 959
Опубликована: Март 2, 2017
γ-Aminobutyric
acid
(GABA)ergic
inputs
are
strategically
positioned
to
gate
synaptic
integration
along
the
dendritic
arbor
of
pyramidal
cells.
However,
their
spatiotemporal
dynamics
during
behavior
poorly
understood.
Using
an
optical-tagging
electrophysiological
approach
record
and
label
somatostatin-expressing
(Sst)
interneurons
(GABAergic
neurons
specialized
for
inhibition),
we
discovered
a
layer-specific
modulation
activity
in
behaving
mice.
Sst
interneuron
subtypes,
residing
different
cortical
layers
innervating
complementary
laminar
domains,
exhibited
opposite
changes
transitions
active
wakefulness.
The
relative
weight
vasoactive
intestinal
peptide-expressing
(Vip)
interneuron-mediated
inhibition
distinct
cholinergic
determined
vivo
activity.
These
results
reveal
state-dependent
influence
inhibition,
with
implications
compartmentalized
regulation
signaling
mammalian
neocortex.
Cell,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
180(4), С. 666 - 676.e13
Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2020
The
mystery
of
general
anesthesia
is
that
it
specifically
suppresses
consciousness
by
disrupting
feedback
signaling
in
the
brain,
even
when
feedforward
and
basic
neuronal
function
are
left
relatively
unchanged.
mechanism
for
such
selectiveness
unknown.
Here
we
show
three
different
anesthetics
have
same
disruptive
influence
on
along
apical
dendrites
cortical
layer
5
pyramidal
neurons
mice.
We
found
optogenetic
depolarization
distal
caused
robust
spiking
at
cell
body
under
awake
conditions
was
blocked
anesthesia.
Moreover,
blocking
metabotropic
glutamate
cholinergic
receptors
had
effect
dendrite
decoupling
as
or
inactivation
higher-order
thalamus.
If
occurs
predominantly
through
dendrites,
cellular
would
explain
not
only
how
selectively
blocks
this
but
also
why
conscious
perception
depends
both
cortico-cortical
thalamo-cortical
connectivity.
Cortical
responses
to
sensory
stimuli
are
modulated
by
behavioral
state.
In
the
primary
visual
cortex
(V1),
of
pyramidal
neurons
increase
during
locomotion.
This
response
gain
was
suggested
be
mediated
through
inhibitory
neurons,
resulting
in
disinhibition
neurons.
Using
vivo
two-photon
calcium
imaging
layers
2/3
and
4
mouse
V1,
we
reveal
that
locomotion
increases
activity
vasoactive
intestinal
peptide
(VIP),
somatostatin
(SST)
parvalbumin
(PV)-positive
interneurons
stimulation,
challenging
model.
darkness,
while
most
VIP
PV
remained
responsive,
SST
excitatory
were
largely
non-responsive.
Context-dependent
found
each
cell
type,
with
highest
proportion
among
These
findings
establish
modulation
neuronal
is
context-dependent
contest
generality
a
disinhibitory
circuit
for
control
