Solar-light-activated periodate for degradation and detoxification of highly toxic 6PPD-quinone at environmental levels

Nature Water, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 2(5), С. 453 - 463

Опубликована: Апрель 25, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Occurrence of p-phenylenediamine antioxidants in human urine

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 914, С. 170045 - 170045

Опубликована: Янв. 12, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Environmental profiles, hazard identification, and toxicological hallmarks of emerging tire rubber-related contaminants 6PPD and 6PPD-quinone

Environment International, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 187, С. 108677 - 108677

Опубликована: Апрель 21, 2024

N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) is commonly used in rubber compounds as antioxidants to protect against degradation from heat, oxygen, and ozone exposure. This practice extends the lifespan of products, including tires, by preventing cracking, aging, deterioration. However, environmental consequences waste generated during product use, particularly formation 6PPD-quinone (6PPD-Q) through reaction 6PPD with ozone, have raised significant concerns due their detrimental effects on ecosystems. Extensive research has revealed widespread occurrence its derivate 6PPD-Q various compartments, air, water, soil. The emerging substance been shown pose acute mortality long-term hazards aquatic terrestrial organisms at concentrations below environmentally relevant levels. Studies demonstrated toxic a range organisms, zebrafish, nematodes, mammals. These include neurobehavioral changes, reproductive dysfunction, digestive damage exposure pathways. Mechanistic insights suggest that mitochondrial stress, DNA adduct formation, disruption lipid metabolism contribute toxicity induced 6PPD-Q. Recent findings human samples, such blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, underscore importance further public health toxicological implications these compounds. distribution, fate, biological effects, underlying mechanisms environment highlight urgent need for additional understand address impacts

Язык: Английский

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Comparison of intestinal toxicity in enhancing intestinal permeability and in causing ROS production of six PPD quinones in Caenorhabditis elegans

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 927, С. 172306 - 172306

Опубликована: Апрель 7, 2024

Язык: Английский

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In Vitro and In Vivo Biotransformation Profiling of 6PPD-Quinone toward Their Detection in Human Urine

Environmental Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 58(21), С. 9113 - 9124

Опубликована: Май 14, 2024

The antioxidant N-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) and its oxidized quinone product 6PPD-quinone (6PPD-Q) in rubber have attracted attention due to the ecological risk that they pose. Both 6PPD 6PPD-Q been detected various environments humans cohabit. However, date, a clear understanding of biotransformation potential biomarker for exposure are lacking. To address this issue, study presents comprehensive analysis extensive across species, encompassing both vitro vivo models. We tentatively identified 17 metabolites vitro, 15 mice vivo, confirmed presence two human urine samples. Interestingly, different patterns were observed species. Through semiquantitative based on peak areas, we found almost all underwent within 24 h mice, primarily via hydroxylation subsequent glucuronidation. This suggests rapid metabolic processing mammals, underscoring importance identifying effective biomarkers exposure. Notably, monohydroxy 6PPD-Q-O-glucuronide consistently most predominant our studies, highlighting as key epidemiological research. These findings represent first data set mammalian systems, offering insights into pathways involved possible biomarkers.

Язык: Английский

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Tissue Accumulation and Biotransformation of 6PPD-Quinone in Adult Zebrafish and Its Effects on the Intestinal Microbial Community

Environmental Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 58(23), С. 10275 - 10286

Опубликована: Июнь 3, 2024

The pronounced lethality of N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine quinone (6PPD-quinone or 6PPDQ) toward specific salmonids, while sparing other fish species, has received considerable attention. However, the underlying cause this species-specific toxicity remains unresolved. This study explored 6PPDQ toxicokinetics and intestinal microbiota composition in adult zebrafish during a 14-day exposure to environmentally realistic concentrations, followed by 7-day recovery phase. Predominant accumulation occurred brain, intestine, eyes, with lowest levels liver. Six metabolites were found undergo hydroxylation, two additionally undergoing O-sulfonation. Semiquantitative analyses revealed that predominant metabolite featured hydroxy group situated on phenyl ring adjacent quinone. was further validated assessing enzyme activity determining silico binding interactions. Notably, affinity between phase I II enzymes exceeded corresponding coho salmon 1.04–1.53 times, suggesting higher potential for detoxification tolerant species. Whole-genome sequencing significant increases genera Nocardioides Rhodococcus after 6PPDQ. Functional annotation pathway enrichment predicted these would be responsible biodegradation metabolism xenobiotics. These findings offer crucial data comprehending 6PPDQ-induced toxicity.

Язык: Английский

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Prediction of p-phenylenediamine antioxidant concentrations in human urine using machine learning models

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 487, С. 137184 - 137184

Опубликована: Янв. 11, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Stable isotope-assisted mass spectrometry reveals in vivo distribution, metabolism, and excretion of tire rubber-derived 6PPD-quinone in mice

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 912, С. 169291 - 169291

Опубликована: Дек. 15, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Mixture toxicity of 6PPD-quinone and polystyrene nanoplastics in zebrafish

Environmental Pollution, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 348, С. 123835 - 123835

Опубликована: Март 21, 2024

Plastic pollution, including micro- and nanoplastics, is a growing concern. Tyre-wear particles (TWPs) are the second largest source of microplastics in ocean following abrasion synthetic fibres. In addition to themselves, TWPs contain many harmful chemicals, 6PPD. This chemical reacts with atmospheric ozone forms toxic compound 6PPD-quinone (6PPDq), which poses danger aquatic life. There knowledge gap understanding risks associated combined toxicity nanoplastics (NPs) 6PPDq. The present study aimed investigate NPs 6PPDq on adult zebrafish using phenotypic (behaviour, histology) transcriptomic endpoints. Zebrafish were exposed four treatments: control (contaminant-free), 50 μg/L 6PPDq, 3 mg/L polystyrene (PS)-NPs, combination PS-NPs. We did not observe locomotory dysregulation NPs. However, we found significant hyperlocomotion this effect was even more substantial after co-exposure explores molecular mechanisms behind these effects, identifying genes neurotransmitters fatty acid metabolism that dysregulated by co-exposure. Transcriptomic analysis further showed both PS-NPs impacted cellular processes sterol biosynthesis, cholesterol metabolism, muscle tissue development. effects stronger co-exposed zebrafish, indicating heightened risk integrity mitochondrial dysfunction. These results highlight significance mixture when studying chemicals like

Язык: Английский

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Fragmentation Pattern-Based Screening Strategy Combining Diagnostic Ion and Neutral Loss Uncovered Novel para-Phenylenediamine Quinone Contaminants in the Environment

Environmental Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 58(13), С. 5921 - 5931

Опубликована: Март 21, 2024

Identifying transformed emerging contaminants in complex environmental compartments is a challenging but meaningful task. Substituted para-phenylenediamine quinones (PPD-quinones) are originating from rubber antioxidants and have been proven to be toxic the aquatic species, especially salmonids. The emergence of multiple PPD-quinones various matrices evidence their specific hazards underscore need understand occurrences. Here, we introduce fragmentation pattern-based nontargeted screening strategy combining full MS/All ion fragmentation/neutral loss-ddMS2 scans identify potential unknown different matrices. Using diagnostic fragments m/z 170.0600, 139.0502, characteristic neutral losses 199.0633, 138.0429 Da, six known three novel were recognized air particulates, surface soil, tire tissue. Their structures confirmed, concentration composition profiles clarified with self-synthesized standards. N-(1-methylheptyl)-N′-phenyl-1,4-benzenediamine quinone (8PPD-Q) N,N′-di(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-p-phenylenediamine (66PD-Q) identified quantified for first time, median concentrations found 0.02–0.21 μg·g–1 tissue, 0.40–2.76 pg·m–3 particles, 0.23–1.02 ng·g–1 soil. This work provides new presence environment, showcasing environment.

Язык: Английский

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