Probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics in health and disease

MedComm, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 4(6)

Опубликована: Ноя. 4, 2023

The gut microbiota and its homeostasis play a crucial role in human health. However, for some diseases related to the microbiota, current traditional medicines can only relieve symptoms, it is difficult solve root causes or even cause side effects like disturbances microbiota. Increasing clinical studies evidences have demonstrated that probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics prevent treat various diseases, but currently they be used as dietary supplements rather than medicines, which restricts application of probiotics field medicine. Here, this review analyzes importance health problems systematically summarizes effectiveness mechanisms maintaining treating based on animal models trials. And research outcomes development trends field, challenges prospects their health, alleviating are analyzed. It hoped promote disease treatment open up new frontiers probiotic research.

Язык: Английский

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Codiversification of gut microbiota with humans

Science, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 377(6612), С. 1328 - 1332

Опубликована: Сен. 15, 2022

The gut microbiomes of human populations worldwide have many core microbial species in common. However, within a species, some strains can show remarkable population specificity. question is whether such specificity arises from shared evolutionary history (codiversification) between humans and their microbes. To test for codiversification host microbiota, we analyzed paired metagenomes genomes 1225 individuals Europe, Asia, Africa, including mothers children. Between countries, parallel was evident Moreover, displaying the strongest independently evolved traits characteristic dependency, reduced oxygen temperature sensitivity. These findings all point to importance understanding potential role population-specific microbiome-mediated disease phenotypes.

Язык: Английский

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Immune-microbe interactions early in life: A determinant of health and disease long term

Science, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 376(6596), С. 945 - 950

Опубликована: Май 26, 2022

Research on newborn immunity has revealed the importance of cell ontogeny, feto-maternal tolerance, and transfer maternal antibodies. Less is known about postnatal adaptation to environmental exposures. The microbiome its for health have been extensively studied, but it remains unclear how mutually beneficial relationships between commensal microbes human cells first arise are maintained throughout life. Such immune-microbe mutualism, perturbations thereof, most likely a root cause increasing incidences immune-mediated disorders such as allergies autoimmunity across many industrialized nations during past century. In this Review, I discuss our current understanding immune development propose that mismatches among ancestral, early-life, adult environments can explain interactions, dysregulation, increased risks diseases.

Язык: Английский

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Leaky Gut and the Ingredients That Help Treat It: A Review

Molecules, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 28(2), С. 619 - 619

Опубликована: Янв. 7, 2023

The human body is in daily contact with potentially toxic and infectious substances the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). GIT has most significant load of antigens. can protect intestinal integrity by allowing passage beneficial agents blocking path harmful substances. Under normal conditions, a healthy barrier prevents elements from entering blood stream. However, factors such as stress, an unhealthy diet, excessive alcohol, antibiotics, drug consumption compromise composition microbiota homeostasis function intestine, leading to increased permeability. Intestinal hyperpermeability allow entry through junctions epithelium, which pass into bloodstream affect various organs systems. Thus, leaky gut syndrome dysfunction are associated diseases, inflammatory bowel disease irritable syndrome, well extra-intestinal including heart obesity, type 1 diabetes mellitus, celiac disease. Given relationship between permeability numerous it convenient seek excellent strategy avoid or reduce increase impact dietary nutrients on be crucial for designing new strategies patients pathogenesis gut-related diseases epithelial dysfunctions. In this review article, role functional ingredients suggested mediators disorders.

Язык: Английский

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Gut microbiome and breast-feeding: Implications for early immune development

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 150(3), С. 523 - 534

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Microbe-mediated intestinal NOD2 stimulation improves linear growth of undernourished infant mice

Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 379(6634), С. 826 - 833

Опубликована: Фев. 24, 2023

The intestinal microbiota is known to influence postnatal growth. We previously found that a strain of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (strain Lp WJL ) buffers the adverse effects chronic undernutrition on growth juvenile germ-free mice. Here, we report sustains malnourished conventional animals and supports both insulin-like factor–1 (IGF-1) insulin production activity. have identified cell walls isolated from , as well muramyl dipeptide mifamurtide, sufficient cues stimulate animal despite undernutrition. Further, NOD2 necessary in epithelial cells for -mediated IGF-1 promotion animals. These findings indicate that, coupled with renutrition, bacteria or purified ligands potential alleviate stunting.

Язык: Английский

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Gut Microbiota, an Additional Hallmark of Human Aging and Neurodegeneration

Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 518, С. 141 - 161

Опубликована: Март 7, 2023

Gut microbiota represents a diverse and dynamic population of microorganisms harbouring the gastrointestinal tract, which influences host health disease. Bacterial colonization tract begins at birth changes throughout life, with age being one conditioning factors for its vitality. Aging is also primary risk factor most neurodegenerative diseases. Among them, Alzheimeŕs disease (AD) probably where association state dysbiosis gut has been studied. In particular, intestinal microbial-derived metabolites have associated β-amyloid formation brain amyloid deposition, tau phosphorylation, as well neuroinflammation in AD patients. Moreover, it suggested that some oral bacteria increase developing AD. However, causal connections among microbiome, amyloid-tau interaction, neurodegeneration need to be addressed. This paper summarizes emerging evidence literature regarding link between microbiome focus on Taxonomic features microbial functional alterations biomarkers are main points reviewed. Data from clinical studies determinants particularly emphasized. Further, relationships age-dependent epigenetic other neurological disorders described. Together, all this suggests that, sense, can seen an additional hallmark human aging neurodegeneration.

Язык: Английский

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A gut microbial signature for combination immune checkpoint blockade across cancer types

Nature Medicine, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 30(3), С. 797 - 809

Опубликована: Март 1, 2024

Abstract Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte 4 (CTLA-4) can induce remarkable, yet unpredictable, responses across a variety of cancers. Studies suggest that there is relationship between cancer patient’s gut microbiota composition clinical response to ICB; however, defining microbiome-based biomarkers generalize cohorts has been challenging. This may relate previous efforts quantifying species (or higher taxonomic rank) abundances, whereas microbial functions are often strain specific. Here, we performed deep shotgun metagenomic sequencing baseline fecal samples from unique, richly annotated phase 2 trial cohort patients with diverse rare cancers treated combination ICB ( n = 106 discovery cohort). We demonstrate strain-resolved abundances improve machine learning predictions 12-month progression-free survival relative models built using species-rank quantifications or comprehensive pretreatment factors. Through meta-analysis metagenomes further six comparable studies 364 validation cohort), found cross-cancer (and cross-country) validity strain–response signatures, but only when the training test used concordant regimens (anti-PD-1 monotherapy anti-PD-1 plus anti-CTLA-4). suggests future development microbiome diagnostics therapeutics should be tailored according treatment regimen rather than type.

Язык: Английский

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Prevotella copri and microbiota members mediate the beneficial effects of a therapeutic food for malnutrition

Nature Microbiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 9(4), С. 922 - 937

Опубликована: Март 19, 2024

Abstract Microbiota-directed complementary food (MDCF) formulations have been designed to repair the gut communities of malnourished children. A randomized controlled trial demonstrated that one formulation, MDCF-2, improved weight gain in Bangladeshi children compared a more calorically dense standard nutritional intervention. Metagenome-assembled genomes from study participants revealed correlation between ponderal growth and expression MDCF-2 glycan utilization pathways by Prevotella copri strains. To test this correlation, here we use gnotobiotic mice colonized with defined consortia age- growth-associated bacterial strains, or without P. isolates closely matching metagenome-assembled genomes. Combining metagenomics metatranscriptomics host single-nucleus RNA sequencing metabolomic analyses, identify key role metabolizing glycans uncover its interactions other microbes including Bifidobacterium infantis . -containing mediated modulated energy metabolism within intestinal epithelial cells. Our results reveal structure–function relationships members microbiota potential implications for future therapies.

Язык: Английский

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A Comprehensive Review of the Triangular Relationship among Diet–Gut Microbiota–Inflammation

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(17), С. 9366 - 9366

Опубликована: Авг. 29, 2024

The human gastrointestinal tract hosts a complex and dynamic community of microorganisms known as the gut microbiota, which play pivotal role in numerous physiological processes, including digestion, metabolism, immune function. Recent research has highlighted significant impact diet on microbiota composition functionality, consequential effects host health. Concurrently, there is growing evidence linking to inflammation, key factor many chronic diseases such inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular (CVDs). This review explores how dietary components influence composition, these microbial changes affect pathways, therapeutic implications modulating this axis for prevention management. Beneficial patterns, Mediterranean (MD) plant-based diets, promote diverse balanced supporting anti-inflammatory pathways. Conversely, Western (WD), high saturated fats refined sugars, associated with dysbiosis increased inflammation. With all links between three variables considered, attempts offer thorough examination triangle formed by food.

Язык: Английский

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