Microbiota in health and diseases

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 7(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 23, 2022

Abstract The role of microbiota in health and diseases is being highlighted by numerous studies since its discovery. Depending on the localized regions, can be classified into gut, oral, respiratory, skin microbiota. microbial communities are symbiosis with host, contributing to homeostasis regulating immune function. However, dysbiosis lead dysregulation bodily functions including cardiovascular (CVDs), cancers, respiratory diseases, etc. In this review, we discuss current knowledge how links host or pathogenesis. We first summarize research healthy conditions, gut-brain axis, colonization resistance modulation. Then, highlight pathogenesis disease development progression, primarily associated community composition, modulation response, induction chronic inflammation. Finally, introduce clinical approaches that utilize for treatment, such as fecal transplantation.

Язык: Английский

---

Topographic diversity of fungal and bacterial communities in human skin

Nature, Год журнала: 2013, Номер 498(7454), С. 367 - 370

Опубликована: Май 21, 2013

Язык: Английский

---

Human Wounds and Its Burden: An Updated Compendium of Estimates

Advances in Wound Care, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 8(2), С. 39 - 48

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2019

Significance: A 2018 retrospective analysis of Medicare beneficiaries identified that ∼8.2 million people had wounds with or without infections. cost estimates for acute and chronic wound treatments ranged from $28.1 billion to $96.8 billion. Highest expenses were surgical followed by diabetic foot ulcers, a higher trend toward costs associated outpatient care compared inpatient. Increasing health care, an aging population, recognition difficult-to-treat infection threats such as biofilms, the continued threat diabetes obesity worldwide make substantial clinical, social, economic challenge. Recent Advances: Chronic are not problem in otherwise healthy population. Underlying conditions ranging malnutrition, stress, metabolic syndrome, predispose patients chronic, nonhealing wounds. From point view, annual products market is expected reach $15–22 2024. The National Institutes Health's (NIH) Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tool (RePORT) now lists category. Future Directions: rise economic, social impact warrants more structured approach proportionate investment education, related research.

Язык: Английский

---

Microbes, metabolites, and the gut–lung axis

Mucosal Immunology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 12(4), С. 843 - 850

Опубликована: Апрель 11, 2019

Язык: Английский

---

Gut Microbiota and Cancer: From Pathogenesis to Therapy

Cancers, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 11(1), С. 38 - 38

Опубликована: Янв. 3, 2019

Cancer is a multifactorial pathology and it represents the second leading cause of death worldwide. In recent years, numerous studies highlighted dual role gut microbiota in preserving host’s health. Gut resident bacteria are able to produce number metabolites bioproducts necessary protect gut’s homeostasis. Conversely, several subpopulations may expand during pathological dysbiosis therefore high levels toxins capable, turn, trigger both inflammation tumorigenesis. Importantly, can interact with host either modulating directly epithelium or immune system. Numerous populating bacteria, called probiotics, have been identified as protective against genesis tumors. Given their capability homeostasis, probiotics currently tested help fight cancer patients subjected chemotherapy radiotherapy. Most recently, three independent show that specific species potentiate positive outcome anti-cancer immunotherapy. The highly significant studies, uncovering tight association between tumorigenesis, well therapy, here described. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG), most studied probiotic model cancer, also reported. Overall, according findings summarized, novel strategies integrating such LGG, conventional therapies strongly encouraged.

Язык: Английский

---

The Gut Microbiome Alterations and Inflammation-Driven Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease—a Critical Review

Molecular Neurobiology, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 56(3), С. 1841 - 1851

Опубликована: Июнь 23, 2018

One of the most important scientific discoveries recent years was disclosure that intestinal microflora takes part in bidirectional communication between gut and brain. Scientists suggest human may even act as "second brain" be responsible for neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although human-associated microbial communities are generally stable, they can altered by common actions experiences. Enteric bacteria, commensal, pathogenic microorganisms, have a major impact on immune system, brain development, behavior, able to produce several neurotransmitters neuromodulators serotonin, kynurenine, catecholamine, etc., well amyloids. However, destructive mechanisms, lead dementia AD, start with microbiome dysbiosis, development local systemic inflammation, dysregulation gut-brain axis. Increased permeability epithelial barrier results invasion different viruses, their neuroactive products support neuroinflammatory reactions It seems that, inflammatory-infectious hypothesis great role microbiome, starts gently push into shadow amyloid cascade has dominated decades. is strongly postulated AD begin gut, closely related imbalance microbiota. This promising area therapeutic intervention. Modulation microbiota through personalized diet or beneficial intervention, alter partners including protein, will probably become new treatment AD.

Язык: Английский

---

Microbial Ecology along the Gastrointestinal Tract

Microbes and Environments, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 32(4), С. 300 - 313

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2017

The ecosystem of the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract traverses a number environmental, chemical, and physical conditions because it runs from oral cavity to anus. These differences in along with food or other ingested substrates affect composition density microbiota as well their functional roles by selecting those that are most suitable for environment. Previous studies have mostly focused on Bacteria, conducted Archaea, Eukarya, Viruses being limited despite important this ecosystem. Furthermore, due challenges associated collecting samples directly inside humans, many still exploratory, primary focus microbiomes. Thus, mechanistic investigate functions using animal models. However, physiology microbiomes need be clarified order aid translation model findings into context humans. This review will highlight Fungi, Viruses, discuss GI healthy perform comparisons three common models: rats, mice, pigs.

Язык: Английский

---

Benefits of short-chain fatty acids and their receptors in inflammation and carcinogenesis

Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 164, С. 144 - 151

Опубликована: Апрель 30, 2016

Язык: Английский

---

Microbial tryptophan metabolites regulate gut barrier function via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 117(32), С. 19376 - 19387

Опубликована: Июль 27, 2020

Significance The gut microbiome comprises trillions of microorganisms that inhabit the mammalian intestines. These microbes regulate many aspects host physiology, including defense mechanisms against factors contribute to inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Despite abundance microbiota, little is known regarding how these modulate processes, barrier function intestinal epithelium, which controls permeability associated with IBDs. Here, we discover three microbially produced, small-molecule metabolites, derive from dietary tryptophan, improve integrity and protect inflammation caused by Our studies identify a receptor downstream targets could serve as potential pathways for prophylactic therapeutic treatments ameliorating morbidity in

Язык: Английский

---

The microbiome: stress, health and disease

Mammalian Genome, Год журнала: 2013, Номер 25(1-2), С. 49 - 74

Опубликована: Ноя. 26, 2013

Язык: Английский

---