Cellular and Molecular Evidence of Multiple Sclerosis Diagnosis and Treatment Challenges

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(13), С. 4274 - 4274

Опубликована: Июнь 26, 2023

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that impacts the central nervous system and can result in disability. Although prevalence of MS has increased India, diagnosis treatment continue to be difficult due several factors. The present study examines difficulties detecting treating multiple India. A lack knowledge among healthcare professionals general public, which delays treatment, one significant issues. Inadequate numbers neurologists with management also exacerbate situation. In addition, medications are expensive not covered by insurance, making them inaccessible most patients. Due absence established protocols standards for care, India’s techniques vary. population diversity poses unique challenges regarding genetic variations, cellular molecular abnormalities, potential differing responses. more accurately diagnose monitor specialized medical supplies diagnostic instruments. Improved awareness education as well development standardized regimens investment research infrastructure, required address these By addressing issues, it anticipated India will improve, leading better outcomes those affected this condition.

Язык: Английский

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Boswellic Acids: A Critical Appraisal of Their Therapeutic and Nutritional Benefits in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases

Endocrine Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(1), С. 116 - 129

Опубликована: Май 15, 2023

Background: In the last few decades, it has been largely perceived that factors affecting immune system and its varying pathways lead to pathological progression of inflammation inflammatory conditions. Chronic also contributes common diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, ischemic heart disease, cancer, chronic renal non-alcoholic fatty hepat-ic autoimmune diseases neurodegenerative diseases. Objective: Interestingly, plant sources secondary metabolites from plants have increasingly employed in managing acute for centuries. Boswellic acids are pentacyclic triterpenoidal moieties obtained oleo gum resin different Boswellia species. Methods: Detailed data was collected revealing anti-inflammatory potential through various databases. Result: These pharmacologically active agents possess promising anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, antirheumatic, anti-diarrheal, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-asthmatic, anti-cancer, anti-microbial effects. Conclusion: use since ancient times primarily treat This review discusses mechanisms underlying process necessity natural products a medication addition, discussion extended understand primary targets involved inflammation. The further explores therapeutic boswellic Keywords: Inflammation, mediators, acids, system, anti-inflammatory.

Язык: Английский

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Modulation of p38 MAPK and Nrf2/HO-1/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling and pyroptosis outline the anti-neuroinflammatory and remyelinating characters of Clemastine in EAE rat model

Biochemical Pharmacology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 209, С. 115435 - 115435

Опубликована: Янв. 30, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Immune System Dysregulation in the Progression of Multiple Sclerosis: Molecular Insights and Therapeutic Implications

Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 548, С. 9 - 26

Опубликована: Апрель 30, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Icariin prevents methylmercury-induced experimental neurotoxicity: Evidence from cerebrospinal fluid, blood plasma, brain samples, and in-silico investigations

Heliyon, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 10(1), С. e24050 - e24050

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease that causes significant neurodegeneration. Methylmercury (MeHg) neurotoxin induces axonal neurodegeneration and motor nerve degeneration by destroying oligodendrocytes, degenerating white matter, inducing apoptosis, excitotoxicity, reducing myelin basic protein (MBP). This study examines the inhibition of SIRT-1 (silence information regulator 1), Nrf-2 (nuclear factor E2-related 2), HO-1 (heme oxygenase TDP-43 (TAR-DNA-binding 43) accumulation in context ALS, as well modulation these proteins icariin (15 30 mg/kg, orally), glycoside flavonoid with neuroprotective properties. Neuroprotective activates SIRT-1, Nrf-2, HO-1, mitigating inflammation neuronal injury disorders. In-vivo in-silico testing experimental ALS models confirmed efficacy modulating cellular targets. The addition sirtinol 10 an inhibitor helps determine effectiveness icariin. In this study, we also examined neurobehavioral, neurochemical, histopathological, LFB (Luxol fast blue) markers various biological samples, including Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood plasma, brain homogenates (Cerebral Cortex, Hippocampus, Striatum, mid-brain, Cerebellum). These results demonstrate administration ameliorates mechanism underlying benefits likely related to regulating signaling pathways.

Язык: Английский

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Multiple roles of fucoxanthin and astaxanthin against Alzheimer's disease: Their pharmacological potential and therapeutic insights

Brain Research Bulletin, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 193, С. 11 - 21

Опубликована: Ноя. 23, 2022

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most devastating neurodegenerative disorder affecting elderly. The exact pathology of AD not yet fully understood and several hallmarks such as deposition amyloid-β, tau hyperphosphorylation, neuroinflammation, well mitochondrial, metal ions, autophagy, cholinergic dysfunctions are known pathologic features AD. Since no definitive treatment has been proposed to target date, many natural products have shown promising preventive potentials contributed slowing down progression. Algae a source novel bioactive substances prevent disorders including In this context, fucoxanthin astaxanthin, carotenoids abundant in algae, possess neuroprotective properties through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory characteristics modulating symptoms Fucoxanthin astaxanthin exhibit anti-AD activities by inhibition AChE, BuChE, BACE-1, MAO, suppression Aβ accumulation. Also, inhibit apoptosis induced Aβ1-42 H2O2-induced cytotoxicity, modulate antioxidant enzymes (SOD CAT), ERK pathway. Moreover, cellular animal studies on beneficial effects against were also reviewed. potential role exhibits great efficacy for management acting multiple targets.

Язык: Английский

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Neuroprotective potential of Moringa oleifera mediated by NF‐kB/Nrf2/HO‐1 signaling pathway: A review

Journal of Food Biochemistry, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 46(12)

Опубликована: Окт. 7, 2022

Moringa oleifera is a traditional Indian herb belonging to the Moringaceae family, it commonly known as horse-radish tree, drumstick, or sahajna. In developing countries, used feed for both humans and animals due its well-known antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic properties owing several phytoconstituents including β-carotene, quercetin, kaempferol, ascorbic acid, flavonoids, phenolic rhamnose, glycosylates, glucomoringin, isothiocyanates. These constituents help maintain brain antioxidant enzyme levels, mitochondrial functions, neurogenesis, showing neuroprotective effects in neurodegenerative disorders Parkinson's Disease, Alzheimer's Huntington's Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. This review discusses various phytoconstituent of moringa their therapeutic potential neurological disorders. Additionally, we also concise safety toxicity profile, different molecular pathways involved effect M. nanoparticles better value. Practical applications Several clinical preclinical studies on have been conducted, outcomes indicate could be treatment As result, conclude that nanoformulations employed treat problems. future, evaluated against specific signaling pathways, which aid researchers discovering mechanism action. Furthermore, use nutraceutical myriad pharmacological will go long way boosting economy countries grow large scale.

Язык: Английский

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Immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis: molecular and cellular mechanisms and new immunotherapeutic approaches

Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 46(3), С. 355 - 377

Опубликована: Апрель 18, 2024

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system (CNS) demyelinating autoimmune disease with increasing global prevalence. It predominantly affects females, especially those of European descent. The interplay between environmental factors and genetic predisposition plays crucial role in MS etiopathogenesis.

Язык: Английский

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Activating SIRT-1 Signalling with the Mitochondrial-CoQ10 Activator Solanesol Improves Neurobehavioral and Neurochemical Defects in Ouabain-Induced Experimental Model of Bipolar Disorder

Pharmaceuticals, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 15(8), С. 959 - 959

Опубликована: Авг. 2, 2022

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic mental illness characterized by mood fluctuations that range from depressive lows to manic highs. Several studies have linked the downregulation of SIRT-1 (silent mating type information regulation-2 homologs) signaling onset BD and other neurological dysfunctions. This research aimed look into neuroprotective potential Solanesol (SNL) in rats given ICV-Ouabain injections, focusing on its effect activation brain. Ouabain, found hypothalamic medullary neurons, an endogenous inhibitor brain Na+/K+ ATPase. The inhibition ATPase Ouabain may also result changes neurotransmission within central nervous system. SNL Solanaceae family active phytoconstituent produced plant Nicotiana tabacum. used as precursor for production CoQ10 (Coenzyme Q10), powerful antioxidant compound. In current study, lithium (Li), important stabilizer drug, was control. study looked at dosages 40 80 mg/kg ICV-OUA injections caused BD-like neurobehavioral neurochemical defects Wistar rats. were placed eight groups (n = 6) administered 1 mM/0.5 µL three days. Neurochemical assessments done rat homogenates, CSF, blood plasma samples end experiment protocol schedule. Long-term administration been shown decrease number rearing crossings reduce time spent center, locomotor activities, immobility time. Solansesol treatment gradually raises amount ATPase, limiting severity behavioural symptoms. These findings revealed increases levels plasma, homogenate samples. Moreover, homogenates samples, modulates apoptotic markers such Caspase-3, Bax (pro-apoptotic), Bcl-2 (anti-apoptotic). Mitochondrial-ETC complex enzymes, including complex-I, II, IV, V, CoQ10, restored following long-term treatment. Furthermore, lowered inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β) while restoring neurotransmitter (serotonin, dopamine, glutamate, acetylcholine) decreasing oxidative stress markers. Histological examinations validated Solanesol's protective effect. As result, our suggest SNL, signalling activator, be promising therapeutic approach

Язык: Английский

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Matrine mediated neuroprotective potential in experimental multiple sclerosis: Evidence from CSF, blood markers, brain samples and in-silico investigations

Journal of Neuroimmunology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 384, С. 578200 - 578200

Опубликована: Сен. 16, 2023

Язык: Английский

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