Autism medical comorbidities

World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(3), P. 15 - 28

Published: April 29, 2021

Medical comorbidities are more common in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) than the general population. Some genetic ASD such as Fragile X syndrome, Down Duchenne muscular dystrophy, neurofibromatosis type I, and tuberous sclerosis complex. Children also prone to a variety of neurological disorders, including epilepsy, macrocephaly, hydrocephalus, cerebral palsy, migraine/headaches, congenital abnormalities nervous system. Besides, sleep significant problem individuals autism, occurring about 80% them. Gastrointestinal (GI) significantly ASD; they occur 46% 84% The most GI problems observed chronic constipation, diarrhoea, gastroesophageal reflux and/or disease, nausea vomiting, flatulence, bloating, abdominal discomfort, ulcers, colitis, inflammatory bowel food intolerance, failure thrive. Several categories inborn-errors metabolism have been some patients mitochondrial creatine metabolism, selected amino acid folate or B12 lysosomal storage disorders. A proportion evidence persistent neuroinflammation, altered responses, immune abnormalities. Anti-brain antibodies may play an important pathoplastic mechanism autism. Allergic from all age groups. They influence development severity symptoms. could cause problematic behaviours at least subset affected children. Therefore, it is consider child whole not overlook possible symptoms part physician should rule out presence medical condition before moving on other interventions therapies. who enjoy good health better chance learning. This can apply those

Language: Английский

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Immune Dysregulation in Autism Spectrum Disorder: What Do We Know about It?

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(6), P. 3033 - 3033

Published: March 11, 2022

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of complex multifactorial neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by wide and variable set neuropsychiatric symptoms, including deficits in social communication, narrow restricted interests, repetitive behavior. The immune hypothesis considered to be major factor contributing autism pathogenesis, as well way explain the differences clinical phenotypes comorbidities influencing disease course severity. Evidence highlights link between dysfunction behavioral traits from several types evidence found both cerebrospinal fluid peripheral blood their utility identify autistic subgroups with specific immunophenotypes; underlying symptoms are also shown. This review summarizes current insights into ASD, particular reference impact immunological factors related maternal influence development; severity; others relevance, obesity. Finally, we described main elements similarities immunopathology overlapping neurodegenerative disorders, taking examples Parkinson Disease, respectively.

Language: Английский

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Food Selectivity in Children with Autism: Guidelines for Assessment and Clinical Interventions

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 20(6), P. 5092 - 5092

Published: March 14, 2023

Autisms Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are characterized by core symptoms (social communication and restricted repetitive behaviors) related comorbidities, including sensory anomalies, feeding issues, challenging behaviors. Children with ASD experience significantly more problems than their peers. In fact, parents clinicians have to manage daily the burden of various dysfunctional behaviors children at mealtimes (food refusal, limited variety food, single food intake, or liquid diet). These mealtime depend on different factors that either medical/sensorial behavioral. Consequently, a correct assessment is necessary in order program an effective clinical intervention. The aim this study provide guideline regarding selectivity concerning possible explanations phenomenon, along direct/indirect gathering detailed useful information about target Finally, description evidence-based sensorial behavioral strategies also for parent-mediated intervention reported addressing ASD.

Language: Английский

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New and Preliminary Evidence on Altered Oral and Gut Microbiota in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): Implications for ASD Diagnosis and Subtyping Based on Microbial Biomarkers

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 11(9), P. 2128 - 2128

Published: Sept. 6, 2019

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurological and developmental disorder characterized by behavioral social impairments as well multiple co-occurring conditions, such gastrointestinal abnormalities, dental/periodontal diseases, allergies. The etiology of ASD likely involves interaction between genetic environmental factors. Recent studies suggest that oral gut microbiome play important roles in the pathogenesis inflammation, immune dysfunction, disruption gut-brain axis, which may contribute to pathophysiology. majority previous used unrelated neurotypical individuals controls, they focused on microbiome, with little attention paid flora. In this pilot study, we first degree-relative matched design combined high fidelity 16S rRNA (ribosomal RNA) gene amplicon sequencing order characterize microbiotas patients compared individuals, explored utility markers for diagnosis subtyping clinical comorbid conditions. Additionally, aimed develop biomarkers monitor responses subsequent trial using probiotics supplementation. We identified distinct features salivary microbiota differed controls. next some differentially enriched examined association microbiomes network analysis. Due tremendous heterogeneity population, relationship indices an attempt extract signatures assocociated subtypes, including allergies, abdominal pain, abnormal dietary habits. currently relies psychological testing potentially subjectivity. Given emerging role plays systemic our study will provide preliminary evidence developing microbial can be diagnose or guide treatment These results also serve starting point test whether altering could improve co-morbid conditions further modify core symptoms ASD.

Language: Английский

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Role of gastrointestinal health in managing children with autism spectrum disorder

World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(4), P. 171 - 196

Published: Sept. 5, 2023

Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) or are more prone to gastrointestinal (GI) than the general population. These can significantly affect their health, learning, and development due various factors such as genetics, environment, behavior. The causes of GI in children ASD include gut dysbiosis, immune dysfunction, food sensitivities, digestive enzyme deficiencies, sensory processing differences. Many studies suggest that numerous experience problems, effective management is crucial. Diagnosing typically done through genetic, neurological, functional, behavioral assessments observations, while tests not consistently reliable. Some may increase risk developing exacerbating symptoms. Addressing issues individuals improve overall well-being, leading better behavior, cognitive function, educational abilities. Proper digestion, nutrient absorption, appetite by relieving physical discomfort pain. Alleviating symptoms sleep patterns, energy levels, contribute a sense ultimately quality life for individual improved family dynamics. primary goal interventions nutritional status, reduce symptom severity, promote balanced mood, patient independence.

Language: Английский

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Prenatal and postnatal neuroimmune interactions in neurodevelopmental disorders

Nature Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(4), P. 598 - 606

Published: April 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Examining the Prevalence, Characteristics, and Potential Links Between Skin Disorders and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(2), P. 469 - 469

Published: Jan. 13, 2025

Background: Increasing evidence indicates that skin disorders may contribute to an increased risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). They can affect the quality life, and they have impact on social isolation, behavioral problems, cognitive scores, some subscales ASD. Methods: This study was online questionnaire-based, observational, cross-sectional conducted during period from August 2022 through January 2023 examine dermatological manifestations among ASD individuals compared controls. Descriptive non-parametric tests were used for data analysis. Results: A total 363 with diseases interviewed period. In total, 189 (52.1%) participants autistic 174 (47.9%) Asthma, anxiety, depression, autoimmune disease persistent in group controls (p < 0.001). The results also show skin, food, respiratory allergies statistically significantly associated (50%, 22.2%, 14.8%, respectively) (26.4%, 10.3%, 7.5%, 0.05). most prevalent eczema (15.5%), followed by dry (14.9%) acne (10.3%). These showed a significant association 0.0001). Conclusions: Our findings indicate atopic comorbidities, including eczema, asthma, allergies, are large population-based is warranted clarify prevalence ASD, coupled between comorbidities determine relationship precisely.

Language: Английский

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An approach to gut microbiota profile in children with autism spectrum disorder

Environmental Microbiology Reports, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 12(2), P. 115 - 135

Published: Nov. 12, 2019

In recent years, there has been an increase in studies on the implications of gut microbiota (GM) behaviour children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) due to a dysbiosis GM that can trigger onset, development or progression ASD through microbiota-gut-brain axis. The aim this study is carry out systematic review articles from last 6 years analyse compared control groups. Children showed higher abundance Roseburia and Candida genera, lower Dialister, Bilophila, Veillonella, Streptococcus, Coprococcus Prevotella genera. Those differences be attributed factors such as different nationalities, nature groups, place where sample was taken, gastrointestinal (GI) problems bacterial detection methods. It still too early define specific profile ASD, future should focus homogenizing characteristics samples Furthermore, new multicentre also impact GI physiology, neurophysiology performing psychometric analyses correlation between severity behavioural symptoms profiles.

Language: Английский

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Understanding the Link Between Allergy and Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Current Review of Factors and Mechanisms

Frontiers in Neurology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Feb. 15, 2021

Both allergic diseases and neurodevelopmental disorders are non-communicable (NCDs) that not only impact on the quality of life but also result in substantial economic burden. Immune dysregulation inflammation typical hallmarks both disorders, suggesting converging pathophysiology. Epidemiological studies provided convincing evidence for link between allergy such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) autism spectrum (ASD). Possible factors influencing development these include maternal depression anxiety, gestational diabetes mellitus, status, diet, exposure to environmental pollutants, microbiome dysbiosis, sleep disturbances occur early life. Moreover, apart from inflammation, epigenetics, gene expression, mitochondrial dysfunction have emerged possible underlying mechanisms pathogenesis conditions. The exploration understanding shared may enable us elucidate comorbidity.

Language: Английский

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Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Feeding Problems and Their Associations with Dietary Interventions, Food Supplement Use, and Behavioral Characteristics in a Sample of Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 17(17), P. 6372 - 6372

Published: Sept. 1, 2020

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are characterized by impairments in social interaction, communication, and restricted, stereotyped behavior. Gastrointestinal (GI), nutritional, feeding problems often reported ASD. We investigated the prevalence of GI symptoms, food selectivity, mealtime difficulties, their associations with dietary interventions, supplement use, behavioral characteristics a sample involving 247 participants ASD 267 controls aged 2–18 years. Data were collected questionnaire. symptoms observed 88.9% children adolescents ASD, more girls than boys. High rates selectivity (69.1%) (64.3%) found. Food supplements used 66.7% individuals, mainly vitamins/minerals, probiotics, omega-3 fatty acids. In sample, 21.2% subjects followed diet, mostly based on gluten milk restriction, including individuals exhibiting selectivity. Frequency correlated weakly, but significantly group, not use. The study demonstrated that higher frequency common problem pre-schoolers, schoolchildren, together modification, they associated

Language: Английский

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