Gut microbiota in various childhood disorders: Implication and indications

World Journal of Gastroenterology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 28(18), P. 1875 - 1901

Published: May 6, 2022

Gut microbiota has a significant role in gut development, maturation, and immune system differentiation. It exerts considerable effects on the child's physical mental development. The composition structure depend many host microbial factors. factors include age, genetic pool, general health, dietary factors, medication use, intestine's pH, peristalsis, transit time, mucus secretions, mucous immunoglobulin, tissue oxidation-reduction potentials. nutrient availability, bacterial cooperation or antagonism, adhesion. Each part of its due to specific characteristics. interacts with different body parts, affecting pathogenesis local systemic diseases. Dysbiosis is common finding childhood disorders such as autism, failure thrive, nutritional disorders, coeliac disease, Necrotizing Enterocolitis, helicobacter pylori infection, functional gastrointestinal childhood, inflammatory bowel diseases, other disorders. also observed allergic conditions like atopic dermatitis, rhinitis, asthma. can impact development progression cardiac including heart failure. Probiotic supplements could provide some help managing these However, we are still need more studies. In this narrative review, will shed light management

Language: Английский

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Prevalence of co-occurring conditions in children and adults with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 155, P. 105436 - 105436

Published: Oct. 31, 2023

This systematic review estimates the prevalence of co-occurring conditions (CCs) in children and adults with autism. A comprehensive search strategy consulting existing guidelines, diagnostic manuals, experts, carers, autistic people was developed. PubMed PsycInfo databases from inception to May 2022 were searched. PROSPERO registration: CRD42019132347. Two blind authors screened extracted data. Prevalence for different CCs summarized by using random effects models. Subgroup analyses performed age groups (children/adolescents vs adults) study designs (population/registry-based clinical sample-based). Of 19,932 studies, 340 publications about 590,000 participants included meta-analyzed estimate 38-point prevalence, 27-lifetime, 3 without distinction between point lifetime prevalence. Point developmental coordination disorder, sleep-wake problem, gastrointestinal ADHD, anxiety overweight/obesity, feeding eating elimination disruptive behavior, somatic symptoms related disorder most frequent CCs. differed depending on group design. Knowing specific linked autism helps professional investigations interventions improved outcomes.

Language: Английский

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The interplay between microbiota and brain-gut axis in epilepsy treatment

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Jan. 26, 2024

The brain-gut axis plays a vital role in connecting the cognitive and emotional centers of brain with intricate workings intestines. An imbalance microbiota-mediated extends far beyond conditions like Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) obesity, playing critical development progression various neurological disorders, including epilepsy, depression, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s (PD). Epilepsy, disorder characterized by unprovoked seizures, affects approximately 50 million people worldwide. Accumulating evidence suggests that rebuilding gut microbiota through interventions such as fecal transplantation, probiotics, ketogenic diets (KD) can benefit drug-resistant epilepsy. disturbances could contribute to toxic side effects antiepileptic drugs drug resistance epilepsy patients. These findings imply potential impact on suggest targeting microbiota, KD, hold promise for managing treating However, full extent importance treatment is not yet fully understood, many aspects this field remain unclear. Therefore, article aims provide an overview clinical animal supporting regulatory pathways within may be influenced Furthermore, we will discuss recent advancements treatment, antiseizure drugs, all from perspective microbiota.

Language: Английский

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The Brain-Gut-Microbiome System: Pathways and Implications for Autism Spectrum Disorder

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(12), P. 4497 - 4497

Published: Dec. 16, 2021

Gastrointestinal dysfunction is one of the most prevalent physiological symptoms autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A growing body largely preclinical research suggests that dysbiotic gut microbiota may modulate brain function and social behavior, yet little known about mechanisms underlie these relationships how they influence pathogenesis or severity ASD. While various genetic environmental risk factors have been implicated in ASD, this review aims to provide an overview studies elucidating by which microbiota, associated metabolites, interact behavior ASD development, at least a subgroup individuals with gastrointestinal problems. Specifically, we brain-gut-microbiome system discuss findings from current animal human as relate social-behavioral neurological impairments microbiota-targeted therapies (i.e., probiotics, fecal transplantation) molecular, structural, functional levels, particular interest emotion-related networks. deeper understanding microbiome-brain-behavior interactions has potential inform new aimed modulating alleviating both behavioral symptomatology

Language: Английский

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Play therapy in children with autism: Its role, implications, and limitations

World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(1), P. 1 - 22

Published: Jan. 3, 2023

Play is a pleasurable physical or mental activity that enhances the child's skills involving negotiation abilities, problem-solving, manual dexterity, sharing, decision-making, and working in group. affects all brain's areas, structures, functions. Children with autism have adaptive behavior, response, social interaction limitations. This review explores different applications of play therapy helping children disorder. usually significantly impaired autism. mainly intended to help honor their unique abilities developmental levels. The main aim prevent solve psychosocial difficulties achieve optimal child-healthy growth development. helps engage activities interest choice express themselves most comfortable ways. It changes way self-expression from unwanted behaviors more non-injurious expressive behavior using toys as words. also those experience feeling out various styles. Every child responds differently. Therefore, types intervention, like therapy, could fit differences Proper evaluation mandatory evaluate which type fits than others. narrative revised an evidence-based way. Despite weak evidence, still has potential benefits for patients families.

Language: Английский

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Diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder based on functional brain networks and machine learning

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: May 18, 2023

Abstract Autism is a multifaceted neurodevelopmental condition whose accurate diagnosis may be challenging because the associated symptoms and severity vary considerably. The wrong can affect families educational system, raising risk of depression, eating disorders, self-harm. Recently, many works have proposed new methods for autism based on machine learning brain data. However, these focus only one pairwise statistical metric, ignoring network organization. In this paper, we propose method automatic functional imaging data recorded from 500 subjects, where 242 present spectrum disorder considering regions interest throughout Bootstrap Analysis Stable Cluster map. Our distinguish control group patients with high accuracy. Indeed best performance provides an AUC near 1.0, which higher than that found in literature. We verify left ventral posterior cingulate cortex region less connected to area cerebellum neurodevelopment disorder, agrees previous studies. networks show more segregation, distribution information across network, connectivity compared cases. workflow medical interpretability used other fMRI EEG data, including small sets.

Language: Английский

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Neurodevelopmental toxicity induced by PM2.5 Exposure and its possible role in Neurodegenerative and mental disorders

Human & Experimental Toxicology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 42

Published: March 1, 2023

Recent extensive evidence suggests that ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5, with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm) may be neurotoxic to the brain and cause central nervous system damage, contributing neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer's disease Parkinson's disease, mental schizophrenia, depression, bipolar disorder. PM2.5 can enter via various pathways, including blood-brain barrier, olfactory system, gut-brain axis, leading adverse effects on CNS. Studies in humans animals have revealed PM2.5-mediated mechanisms, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, gut flora dysbiosis, play a crucial role CNS damage. Additionally, exposure induce epigenetic alterations, hypomethylation of DNA, which contribute pathogenesis some Through literature analysis, we suggest promising therapeutic targets for alleviating PM2.5-induced neurological damage include inhibiting microglia overactivation, regulating microbiota antibiotics, targeting signaling PKA/CREB/BDNF WNT/β-catenin. several studies observed association between changes neuropsychiatric disorders. This review summarizes discusses possible mechanisms by causes neurotoxicity.

Language: Английский

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Maternal and Early-Life Exposure to Antibiotics and the Risk of Autism and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Childhood: a Swedish Population-Based Cohort Study

Drug Safety, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 46(5), P. 467 - 478

Published: April 23, 2023

Antibiotics represent the most common type of medication used during pregnancy and infancy. have been proposed as a possible factor in changes microbiota composition, which may play role aetiology autism attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Our aim was to investigate association between maternal early-life antibiotic use ADHD childhood. This Swedish nation-wide population-based cohort study included all first live singleton births (N = 483,459) January 2006 December 2016. The dispensed antibiotics with children aged ≤ 11 years estimated by applying multivariable logistic regression generalised estimating equations models. Of mothers, 25.9% (n 125,106) were ≥1 exposure period (from 3 months pre-conception delivery), 41.6% 201,040) received ≥ 1 early life (aged 2 years). Penicillin prescribed class (17.9% 38.2% children). Maternal associated an increased risk [odds ratio (OR) 1.16, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09–1.23] (OR 1.29, CI 1.21–1.36) Early-life showed even stronger [autism 1.46, 1.38–1.55); 1.90, 1.80–2.00)]. Both childhood-exposure sub-analyses suggested dose-response relationship. However, differences noted classes. are commonly pregnant women, infants, toddlers. Antibiotic alter microbiota, can influence microbial colonisation gastrointestinal system foetus. It has claimed that effect on gut-brain axis and, result, neurodevelopment. Neurodevelopmental (NDD) is category illnesses characterised functional impairments manifest development. frequent NDDs attention-deficit/hyperactivity In this large study, we assessed whether and/or affects developing ADHD. found both usage, well childhood use, children. These associations altered quantity, type, timing exposure.

Language: Английский

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Role of gastrointestinal health in managing children with autism spectrum disorder

World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(4), P. 171 - 196

Published: Sept. 5, 2023

Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) or are more prone to gastrointestinal (GI) than the general population. These can significantly affect their health, learning, and development due various factors such as genetics, environment, behavior. The causes of GI in children ASD include gut dysbiosis, immune dysfunction, food sensitivities, digestive enzyme deficiencies, sensory processing differences. Many studies suggest that numerous experience problems, effective management is crucial. Diagnosing typically done through genetic, neurological, functional, behavioral assessments observations, while tests not consistently reliable. Some may increase risk developing exacerbating symptoms. Addressing issues individuals improve overall well-being, leading better behavior, cognitive function, educational abilities. Proper digestion, nutrient absorption, appetite by relieving physical discomfort pain. Alleviating symptoms sleep patterns, energy levels, contribute a sense ultimately quality life for individual improved family dynamics. primary goal interventions nutritional status, reduce symptom severity, promote balanced mood, patient independence.

Language: Английский

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Exploring the gut-brain Axis: Potential therapeutic impact of Psychobiotics on mental health

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 134, P. 111073 - 111073

Published: June 22, 2024

One of the most challenging and controversial issues in microbiome research is related to gut microbial metabolism neuropsychological disorders. Psychobiotics affect human behavior central nervous system processes via gut-brain axis, involving neuronal, immune, metabolic pathways. They have therapeutic potential treatment several neurodegenerative neurodevelopmental disorders such as depression, anxiety, autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's schizophrenia, Huntington's anorexia nervosa, multiple sclerosis. However, mechanisms underlying interaction between psychobiotics abovementioned diseases need further exploration. This review focuses on relationship microbiota its impact neurological disorders, examining a preventive approach, summarising recent axis beneficial effects psychobiotics, highlighting for investigation this area.

Language: Английский

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