Cannabis use and cannabis use disorder

Nature Reviews Disease Primers, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: Feb. 25, 2021

Language: Английский

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Lower-Risk Cannabis Use Guidelines (LRCUG) for reducing health harms from non-medical cannabis use: A comprehensive evidence and recommendations update

International Journal of Drug Policy, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 99, P. 103381 - 103381

Published: Aug. 28, 2021

Cannabis use is common, especially among young people, and associated with risks for various health harms. Some jurisdictions have recently moved to legalization/regulation pursuing public goals. Evidence-based 'Lower Risk Use Guidelines' (LRCUG) recommendations were previously developed reduce modifiable risk factors of cannabis-related adverse outcomes; related evidence has evolved substantially since. We aimed review new scientific develop comprehensively up-to-date LRCUG, including their recommendations, on this basis. Targeted searches literature (since 2016) main outcomes by the user-individual conducted. Topical areas informed previous LRCUG content expanded upon current evidence. Searches preferentially focused systematic reviews, supplemented key individual studies. The results evidence-graded, topically organized narratively summarized; through an iterative expert consensus development process. A substantial body cannabis use-related harms identified varying quality. Twelve substantive recommendation clusters three precautionary statements developed. In general, suggests that individuals can if they delay onset until after adolescence, avoid high-potency (THC) products high-frequency/-intensity use, refrain from smoking-routes administration. While people are particularly vulnerable harms, other sub-groups (e.g., pregnant women, drivers, older adults, those co-morbidities) advised exercise particular caution risks. Legal/regulated should be used where possible. result in outcomes, mostly higher-risk use. Reducing help offer one targeted intervention component within a comprehensive approach They require effective audience-tailoring dissemination, regular updating as become available, evaluated impact.

Language: Английский

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The E-cigarette or Vaping Product Use–Associated Lung Injury Epidemic: Pathogenesis, Management, and Future Directions: An Official American Thoracic Society Workshop Report

Annals of the American Thoracic Society, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 20(1), P. 1 - 17

Published: Dec. 31, 2022

E-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury (EVALI) is a severe pulmonary illness associated with the use of e-cigarettes products that was officially identified and named in 2019. This American Thoracic Society workshop convened 2021 to identify prioritize research regulatory needs adequately respond EVALI outbreak prevent similar instances disease e-cigarette use. An interdisciplinary group 26 experts adult pediatric clinical care, public health, oversight, toxicology were for workshop. Four major topics examined: 1) health response EVALI; 2) care; 3) mechanisms contributing 4) needed actions address effects EVALI. Oral presentations discussion primary modes used top priorities addressing Initiatives including national case registry biorepository, integrated electronic medical record coding system, U.S. Food Drug Administration regulation enforcement nicotine standards, authority over nontobacco-derived e-cigarettes, training evaluating exogenous exposures, prospective studies, standardized follow-up assessments, ability more readily study cannabinoid biomarkers exposure as critical needs. These initiatives will require substantial federal investment well changes policy. Overall, need root causes future outbreaks. approach from multiple perspectives required, health; clinical, basic, translational research; regulators; users e-cigarettes. Improving reduce risk another disease-inducing event depends on coordinated better understand inhalational toxicity these products, informing risks, developing enforcing standards all

Language: Английский

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Clinical management of cannabis withdrawal

Addiction, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 117(7), P. 2075 - 2095

Published: Nov. 18, 2021

Abstract Background and Aims Cannabis withdrawal is a well‐characterized phenomenon that occurs in approximately half of regular dependent cannabis users after abrupt cessation or significant reductions products contain Δ 9 ‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). This review describes the diagnosis, prevalence, course management highlights opportunities for future clinical research. Methods Narrative literature. Results Symptom onset typically 24–48 hours most symptoms generally peak at days 2–6, with some lasting up to 3 weeks more heavy users. The common features are anxiety, irritability, anger aggression, disturbed sleep/dreaming, depressed mood loss appetite. Less physical include chills, headaches, tension, sweating stomach pain. Despite limited empirical evidence, supportive counselling psychoeducation first‐line approaches withdrawal. There no medications currently approved specifically medically assisted (MAW). Medications have been used manage short‐term (e.g. sleep, nausea). A number promising pharmacological agents examined controlled trials, but these underpowered positive findings not reliably replicated. Some agonists) ‘off‐label’ practice. Inpatient admission MAW may be clinically indicated patients who comorbid mental health disorders polysubstance use avoid severe complications. Conclusions significance its precipitate relapse use. Complicated occur people concurrent

Language: Английский

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Impact of cannabinoids on pregnancy, reproductive health, and offspring outcomes

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 227(4), P. 571 - 581

Published: May 31, 2022

Language: Английский

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Predicting Self-Medication with Cannabis in Young Adults with Hazardous Cannabis Use

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 19(3), P. 1850 - 1850

Published: Feb. 7, 2022

Using cannabis to reduce psychological and physical distress, referred as self-medication, is a significant risk factor for use disorder. To better understand this high-risk behavior, sample of 290 young adults (ages 18-25; 45.6% female) were recruited from two U.S. universities in January February 2020 complete survey about their self-medication. Results: seventy-six percent endorsed using problems such anxiety, sleep, depression, pain, loneliness, social discomfort, concentration. When predicting reasons self-medication with cannabis, logistic regression models showed that lower CUDIT-R scores, experiencing withdrawal, living state where was illegal, being female all associated higher rates Withdrawal symptoms tested predict only insomnia loss appetite predictors. further explore why self-medicate, each the original predictors regressed on seven specified Young withdrawal more likely self-medicate pain. Participants legal less anxiety depression. Living illegal also significantly predicted self-medicating discomfort-though overall model discomfort statistically non-significant. Finally, participants anxiety. These results suggest widespread among CUD underscore complexity use. The findings have implications understanding relation distress accurately treating

Language: Английский

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Evaluation of an emergency safe supply drugs and managed alcohol program in COVID-19 isolation hotel shelters for people experiencing homelessness

Drug and Alcohol Dependence, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 235, P. 109440 - 109440

Published: April 7, 2022

During a COVID-19 outbreak in the congregate shelter system Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, healthcare team provided an emergency "safe supply" of medications and alcohol to facilitate isolation hotel shelters for residents who use drugs and/or alcohol. We aimed evaluate (a) substances dosages provided, (b) outcomes program.We reviewed medical records all during May 2021. The primary outcome was successful completion 14 days isolation, as directed by public health orders. Adverse events included overdose; intoxication; (c) diversion, selling, or sharing alcohol.Seventy-seven were assessed (mean age 42 ± years; 24% women). Sixty-two (81%) medications, alcohol, cigarettes. Seventeen (22%) received opioid agonist treatment (methadone, buprenorphine, slow-release oral morphine) 27 (35%) hydromorphone. Thirty-one (40%) prescriptions stimulants. Six (8%) benzodiazepines forty-two (55%) Over days, mean daily increased hydromorphone (45 32 - 57 mg), methylphenidate (51 28 77 37 (12.3 7.6 13.0 6.9 standard drinks). left prematurely, but four returned. 1059 person-days, there zero overdoses. Documented concerns regarding intoxication occurred six times (0.005 events/person-day) medication diversion/sharing three (0.003 events/person-day).COVID-19 participating safe supply managed program experienced high rates low adverse events.

Language: Английский

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Endocannabinoid System and Exogenous Cannabinoids in Depression and Anxiety: A Review

Brain Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 325 - 325

Published: Feb. 14, 2023

Background: There is a growing liberalization of cannabis-based preparations for medical and recreational use. In multiple instances, anxiety depression are cited as either primary or secondary reason the use cannabinoids. Aim: The purpose this review to explore association between dysregulation endogenous endocannabinoid system (ECS), well phytocannabinoids synthetic cannabinoids in remediation depression/anxiety symptoms. After brief description constituents cannabis, cannabinoid receptors system, most important evidence presented involvement both human from animal models anxiety. Finally, clinical treat Conclusions: Although common belief that cannabinoids, including its main studied components—tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) cannabidiol (CBD)—or other derivatives have been suggested therapeutic role certain mental health conditions, all recent systematic reviews we report concluded improve depressive disorders weak, very-low-quality, offers no guidance on conditions within regulatory framework. an urgent need high-quality studies examining effects general particular, consequences long-term these due possible risks such addiction even reversal improvement.

Language: Английский

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Understanding the Mechanisms of Action and Effects of Drugs of Abuse

Molecules, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 28(13), P. 4969 - 4969

Published: June 24, 2023

Aim. Drug abuse and addiction are major public health concerns, with millions of people worldwide affected by the negative consequences drug use. To better understand this complex issue, a review was conducted to examine mechanisms action effects drugs abuse, including their acute chronic effects, symptoms abstinence syndrome, as well cardiovascular impacts. Methods. The analyzed data were obtained after surveying an electronic database, namely PubMed, no time limit, grey literature sources, reference lists relevant articles. Results. highlights different categories such opioids, stimulants, depressants, hallucinogens, cannabis, discusses specific ways that each affects brain body. Additionally, explores short-term long-term on body mind, changes in structure function, physical problems, mental issues, depression anxiety. In addition, health, focusing electrocardiogram changes. Moreover, analysis also highlighted possible genetic susceptibility various addictions. Furthermore, delves into withdrawal occur when someone stops using period Conclusion. Overall, provides comprehensive overview current state knowledge addiction. findings can inform development evidence-based prevention intervention strategies address critical issue.

Language: Английский

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AGA Clinical Practice Update on Diagnosis and Management of Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome: Commentary

Gastroenterology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 166(5), P. 930 - 934.e1

Published: March 5, 2024

Language: Английский

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