Magnetic Soft Materials and Robots

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 122(5), P. 5317 - 5364

Published: Feb. 1, 2022

In conventional classification, soft robots feature mechanical compliance as the main distinguishing factor from traditional made of rigid materials. Recent advances in functional materials have facilitated emergence a new class capable tether-free actuation response to external stimuli such heat, light, solvent, or electric magnetic field. Among various types stimuli-responsive materials, shown remarkable progress their design and fabrication, leading development with unique advantages potential for many important applications. However, field is still its infancy requires further advancements terms principles, fabrication methods, control mechanisms, sensing modalities. Successful future would require comprehensive understanding fundamental principle actuation, well physical properties behavior this review, we discuss recent modeling simulation, robots. We then give set guidelines optimal performance Lastly, summarize biomedical applications provide our perspectives on next-generation

Language: Английский

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Trends in Micro‐/Nanorobotics: Materials Development, Actuation, Localization, and System Integration for Biomedical Applications

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 33(4)

Published: Dec. 4, 2020

Abstract Micro‐/nanorobots (m‐bots) have attracted significant interest due to their suitability for applications in biomedical engineering and environmental remediation. Particularly, vivo diagnosis intervention been the focus of extensive research recent years with various clinical imaging techniques being applied localization tracking. The successful integration well‐designed m‐bots surface functionalization, remote actuation systems, becomes crucial step toward applications, especially uses. This review thus addresses four different aspects m‐bots: design/fabrication, actuation, localization. diagnosis, sensing, microsurgery, targeted drug/cell delivery, thrombus ablation, wound healing are reviewed from these viewpoints. developed m‐bot systems comprehensively compared evaluated based on characteristics. current challenges directions future this field summarized.

Language: Английский

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Colloidal Self-Assembly Approaches to Smart Nanostructured Materials

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 122(5), P. 4976 - 5067

Published: Nov. 8, 2021

Colloidal self-assembly refers to a solution-processed assembly of nanometer-/micrometer-sized, well-dispersed particles into secondary structures, whose collective properties are controlled by not only nanoparticle property but also the superstructure symmetry, orientation, phase, and dimension. This combination characteristics makes colloidal superstructures highly susceptible remote stimuli or local environmental changes, representing prominent platform for developing stimuli-responsive materials smart devices. Chemists achieving even more delicate control over their active responses various practical stimuli, setting stage ready fully exploiting potential this unique set materials. review addresses colloids nanostructured We first delineate driven forces different length scales. A concepts equations outlined controlling crystal growth, appreciating importance particle connectivity in creating responsive superstructures. then present working mechanisms strategies engineering assemblies. The underpinning separation systematically introduced, allowing tuning precise prediction response external stimuli. Various exciting applications these summarized with specific focus on structure-property correlation functional conclude summary existing challenges provide perspective further advances next generation.

Language: Английский

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Nanophotonic Structural Colors

ACS Photonics, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 8(1), P. 18 - 33

Published: July 28, 2020

Structural colors traditionally refer to arising from the interaction of light with structures periodicities on order wavelength. Recently, definition has been broadened include individual resonators that can be subwavelength in dimension, for example, plasmonic and dielectric nanoantennas. For instance, diverse metallic nanostructure designs have utilized generate structural based various physical phenomena, such as localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs), Mie resonances, thin-film Fabry–Pérot interference, Rayleigh–Wood diffraction anomalies 2D periodic lattices photonic crystals. Here, we provide our perspective key application areas where really shine other more work is needed. We review major classes materials employed coloration highlight main involved. discuss mechanisms tune recent advances dynamic colors. In end, propose concept a universal pixel could crucial realizing next-generation displays nanophotonic

Language: Английский

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Multifunctional magnetic soft composites: a review

Multifunctional Materials, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 3(4), P. 042003 - 042003

Published: Nov. 17, 2020

Abstract Magnetically responsive soft materials are composites where magnetic fillers embedded into polymeric matrices. These active have attracted extensive research and industrial interest due to their ability realize fast programmable shape changes through remote untethered control under the application of fields. They would many high-impact potential applications in robotics/devices, metamaterials, biomedical devices. With a broad range functional fillers, matrices, advanced fabrication techniques, material properties can be programmed for integrated functions, including morphing, dynamic deformation-based locomotion, object manipulation assembly, heat generation, as well reconfigurable electronics. In this review, an overview state-of-the-art developments future perspectives multifunctional magnetically is presented.

Language: Английский

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Review of Dielectric Elastomer Actuators and Their Applications in Soft Robots

Advanced Intelligent Systems, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 3(10)

Published: July 11, 2021

Due to the inherent rigidity of hard materials, adaptability and flexibility traditional robots are limited. Recently, soft became one most attractive areas. The intrinsic compliance materials enable achieve unexpected functions. Dielectric elastomers (DE) can exhibit large deformation, fast response, high energy density under action external electrical stimuli, becoming promising in robots. Herein, key points DE actuators (DEAs) first introduced, including working principle, compliant electrodes, typical configurations. Then, driven by DEAs reviewed. Some recent highlights described discussed detail. Finally, main challenges summarized for real‐world application based on DEAs.

Language: Английский

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Stimuli‐responsive hydrogels: Fabrication and biomedical applications

View, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 3(2)

Published: Aug. 27, 2021

Abstract Due to their similarity some bio‐architectures, for example, extracellular matrix, hydrogels are considered as bio‐inspired networks with bio‐mimetic and bio‐functional properties. With natural cytocompatibility biocompatibility, nowadays more involved in various bio‐applications including shape morphing, artificial muscles, soft robotics, regenerative medicine, so on. As an important subclass, stimuli‐responsive have been attracting interest within decades. In response single or multi‐triggers biological microenvironment, can undergo phase transition, stiffness change, biochemical properties activation, which make them intriguing biomaterials broad applications sensing, drug delivery, tissue engineering, wound healing. This review presents typical synthetic gelators comprising small molecules polymers building blocks of functional architectures. The fabrication strategies varied from supramolecular assembly dynamic covalent binding detailed. Various exogenous endogenous, physical chemical, stimuli together mechanism, design principle demonstrated. Through recent examples different perspectives, such bionic devices, dressing, cargo carrier, the benefits opportunities highlighted. Finally, current challenges future prospects view translation fundamental researches clinical application briefly discussed.

Language: Английский

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Liquid Crystal Elastomer‐Based Magnetic Composite Films for Reconfigurable Shape‐Morphing Soft Miniature Machines

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 33(8)

Published: Jan. 14, 2021

Stimuli-responsive and active materials promise radical advances for many applications. In particular, soft magnetic offer precise, fast, wireless actuation together with versatile functionality, while liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are capable of large reversible programmable shape-morphing high work densities in response to various environmental stimuli, e.g., temperature, light, chemical solutions. Integrating the orthogonal stimuli-responsiveness these two kinds could potentially enable new functionalities future Here, microparticles (MMPs) embedded into an LCE film take respective advantages both without compromising their independent stimuli-responsiveness. This composite material enables reconfigurable miniature machines that can self-adapt a changing environment. robot autonomously alter its locomotion mode when it moves from air hot liquid, vine-like filament sense twine around support, light-switchable spring demonstrated. The integration LCEs MMPs monolithic structures introduces dimension design thus greatly enhances use applications complex environments, especially robots, which self-adaptable changes being remotely controllable.

Language: Английский

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Thermo‐ and Mechanochromic Camouflage and Self‐Healing in Biomimetic Soft Actuators Based on Liquid Crystal Elastomers

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 61(8)

Published: Dec. 14, 2021

In nature, many mysterious creatures capable of deformation camouflage, color and self-healing have inspired scientists to develop various biomimetic soft robots. However, the systematic integration all above functionalities into a single actuator system still remains challenge. Here we chemically introduce multi-stimuli-responsive tetraarylsuccinonitrile (TASN) chromophore liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) network through facile thiol-ene photoaddition method. The obtained TASN-LCE actuators not only exhibit reversible shape-morphing color-changing behavior in response heat mechanical compression, but also show excellent self-healing, reprogramming recycling characteristics. We hope that such endowed with dynamic distortion, thermo- mechano-chromic would pave way for further development multifunctional robotic devices.

Language: Английский

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Locomotion of Miniature Soft Robots

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 33(19)

Published: Dec. 18, 2020

Abstract Miniature soft robots are mobile devices, which made of smart materials that can be actuated by external stimuli to realize their desired functionalities. Here, the key advancements and challenges locomotion producible miniature in micro‐ centimeter length scales highlighted. It is highly desirable endow these small machines with dexterous locomotive gaits as it enables them easily access confined enclosed spaces via a noninvasive manner. If able capitalize this unique ability, they will have potential transform vast range applications, including but not limited to, minimally invasive medical treatments, lab‐on‐chip search‐and‐rescue missions. The categorized into terrestrial, aquatic, aerial locomotion. Except for centimeter‐scale perform locomotion, discussions report centered around millimeter scales. Under each category prospective methods strategies improve gait performances also discussed. This provides critical analyses inspire future make significantly more agile.

Language: Английский

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