Advanced Intelligent Systems,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
6(2)
Published: June 29, 2023
Soft
bio‐microrobots
have
the
potential
to
execute
complex
tasks
in
unexpected
and
harsh
environments
of
human
body
due
their
dexterity
flexibility.
The
architectural
designs
soft
either
replicate
motion
natural
creatures
or
capitalize
on
motility.
Based
this
design
principle,
biologically
inspired
microrobots
that
imitate
movements
functions
biological
systems,
such
as
starfish,
bacteria,
sperm
cells,
well
biohybrid
combine
motile
micro‐organisms
cells
with
functional
components
been
developed.
Herein,
an
overview
principles,
energy
sources,
biomedical
applications
existing
is
presented.
It
shown
incorporation
externally
responsive
material
enables
change
shapes
living
organisms
under
external
stimuli,
it
interpreted
how
are
guided
through
tactic
behavior
microorganisms
cells.
Finally,
perspectives
key
challenges
must
overcome
achieve
vivo
given.
Advanced Functional Materials,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
33(31)
Published: April 14, 2023
Abstract
Magnetic
soft
robots
capable
of
wirelessly
controlled
programmable
deformation
and
locomotion
are
desirable
for
diverse
applications.
Such
multi‐variable
actuation
ideally
requires
a
polymer
matrix
with
well‐defined
range
softness
stretchability
(Young's
modulus
0.1–10
MPa,
high
>200%).
However,
this
defined
mechanical
excludes
most
candidates,
leaving
only
limited
number
available
polymers
(e.g.,
PDMS,
Ecoflex)
covalently
cross‐linked
networks
that
may
lead
to
non‐recyclable
further
potential
threats
environment.
Herein,
based
on
the
synergistic
effects
reduced
cross‐linking
density
intermolecular
hydrogen
bonding,
dynamic
covalent
polyimine
is
newly
designed
as
magnetic
microparticles
fillers,
integrate
stretchability,
full
chemical
recyclability,
rapid
room‐temperature
healability
multimodal
into
single
robot.
The
stretchable
enough
process
in
various
geometries
by
simple
laser
cutting,
without
need
pre‐design
geometry
suit
target
scenarios.
Through
cyclic
depolymerization/repolymerization,
recycling
restores
100%
robots’
properties
deformability/mobility
their
original
level
within
seconds
heals
quickly
minutes
when
damaged,
facilitating
ideal
material
economy
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15(1)
Published: May 4, 2024
Abstract
Millimeter-scale
soft
continuum
robots
offer
safety
and
adaptability
in
transluminal
procedures
due
to
their
passive
compliance,
but
this
feature
necessitates
interactions
with
surrounding
lumina,
leading
potential
medical
risks
restricted
mobility.
Here,
we
introduce
a
millimeter-scale
robot,
enabling
apical
extension
while
maintaining
structural
stability.
Utilizing
phase
transition
components,
the
robot
executes
cycles
of
tip-based
elongation,
steered
accurately
through
programmable
magnetic
fields.
Each
motion
cycle
features
solid-like
backbone
for
stability,
liquid-like
component
advancement,
thereby
autonomous
shaping
without
reliance
on
environmental
interactions.
Together
clinical
imaging
technologies,
demonstrate
capability
navigating
tortuous
fragile
lumina
transport
microsurgical
tools.
Once
it
reaches
larger
anatomical
spaces
such
as
stomach,
can
morph
into
functional
3D
structures
that
serve
surgical
tools
or
sensing
units,
overcoming
constraints
initially
narrow
pathways.
By
leveraging
design
paradigm,
anticipate
enhanced
safety,
multi-functionality,
cooperative
capabilities
among
robots,
opening
new
avenues
robotic
surgery.
Advanced Functional Materials,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 13, 2025
Abstract
Miniature
piezoelectric
robots
can
perform
various
tasks
in
narrow
spaces,
due
to
their
small
sizes
and
agile
motions.
However,
there
is
key
challenge
of
reconciling
large
load
capacity
with
motions,
which
limits
the
integration
functional
units.
In
this
work,
a
miniature
quadruped
robot
(AQPR)
inspired
by
hard‐shell
animals
proposed.
The
prominent
feature
AQPR
rigid
ring
structure,
be
utilized
achieve
its
high
stiffness;
degeneracy
different
vibration
modes
used
generate
multi‐dimensional
trajectories
at
foot,
linear
rotational
A
prototype
size
30
×
14.3
mm
3
weight
6.9
g
produced.
experimental
results
show
that
maximum
speed
255
s
−1
1265°s
,
respectively.
capacities
reach
200
(≈30
times
self‐weight).
By
using
an
impulse
signal,
resolutions
motions
0.25
µm
32.7
µrad,
Benefiting
from
size,
capacity,
resolution,
agile,
fast
speed,
shows
great
potential
for
applying
micro‐operations
such
as
large‐scale
wafer
transport
detection.
ACS Nano,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
17(1), P. 27 - 50
Published: Dec. 19, 2022
Untethered
miniature
robots
enable
targeted
delivery
and
therapy
deep
inside
the
gastrointestinal
tract
in
a
minimally
invasive
manner.
By
combining
actuation
systems
imaging
tools,
significant
progress
has
been
made
toward
development
of
functional
microrobots.
These
can
be
actuated
by
external
fields
fuels
while
featuring
real-time
tracking
feedback
certain
regions
perform
therapeutic
process
rational
exertion
local
environment
(e.g.,
pH,
enzyme).
Compared
with
conventional
surgical
such
as
endoscopic
devices
catheters,
feature
diagnosis
treatment,
multifunctionality,
high
safety
adaptivity,
embodied
intelligence,
easy
access
to
tortuous
narrow
lumens.
In
addition,
active
motion
microrobots
enhances
penetration
retention
drugs
tissues
compared
common
passive
oral
drug
delivery.
Based
on
dissimilar
microenvironments
various
sections
tract,
this
review
introduces
advances
for
diseases
along
tract.
The
modalities
their
application
scenarios
are
also
discussed.
We
finally
evaluate
challenges
barriers
that
retard
applications
hint
future
research
directions
field.
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
13(1)
Published: Dec. 23, 2022
Abstract
Miniature
magnetic
soft
machines
could
significantly
impact
minimally
invasive
robotics
and
biomedical
applications.
However,
most
are
limited
to
solid
materials,
whereas
further
progress
also
relies
on
fluidic
constructs
obtained
by
reconfiguring
liquid
such
as
ferrofluid.
Here
we
show
how
harnessing
the
wettability
of
ferrofluids
allows
for
controlled
reconfigurability
ability
create
versatile
machines.
The
ferrofluid
droplet
exhibits
multimodal
motions,
a
single
can
be
split
into
multiple
sub-droplets
then
re-fuse
back
demand.
machine
negotiate
changing
terrains
in
unstructured
environments.
In
addition,
droplets
configured
capsule,
enabling
cargo
delivery;
wireless
omnidirectional
cilia
matrix
capable
pumping
biofluids;
skin,
allowing
types
miniature
construction.
This
work
improves
small
machines’
achievable
complexity
boosts
their
future
applications
capabilities.
Advanced Functional Materials,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
33(1)
Published: Oct. 26, 2022
Abstract
Micro/nanorobots
(MNRs)
are
capable
of
autonomous
motion,
breaking
through
the
limitations
traditional
passive
transport
nanocarriers.
Among
them,
chemically
driven
MNRs
earliest
studied
and
have
received
extensive
attention
from
researchers.
This
review
first
focuses
on
material
properties,
preparation,
driving
forms,
mechanisms
MNRs.
The
current
status
research
in
biomedicine
is
summarized
for
various
biological
applications
(drug
delivery,
diagnostics,
anti‐inflammatory,
antibacterial,
disease
treatment).
In
terms
biosafety,
possible
safety
issues
analyzed
context
microrobotic
three
aspects:
component
characteristics,
chemical
engines
environment.
Finally,
challenges
future
directions
presented.
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
14(26), P. 30007 - 30020
Published: June 21, 2022
Magnetically
actuated
soft
millirobots
(magneto-robot)
capable
of
accomplishing
on-demand
tasks
in
a
remote-control
manner
using
noninvasive
magnetic
fields
are
great
interest
biomedical
settings.
However,
the
solid
magneto-robots
usually
restricted
by
limited
deformability
due
to
predesigned
shape,
while
liquid
situ
shape
reconfiguration
but
low
stiffness
and
geometric
instability
fluidity.
Herein,
we
propose
magneto-active
solid-liquid
state
transformable
millirobot
(named
MRF-Robot)
made
from
magnetorheological
fluid
(MRF).
The
MRF-Robot
can
transform
freely
rapidly
between
Newtonian
upon
weak
field
(∼0
mT)
Bingham
plasticity
strong
(∼100
mT).
realize
diverse
behaviors
large
deformation,
smooth
navigation,
splitting,
merging,
gradient
pulling
with
high
gradient.
is
distinguished
for
controllable
locomotion
reconfigured
shapes
versatile
object
manipulations
(including
pull,
push,
rotate
objects)
driven
Moreover,
could
continuously
maneuver
accomplish
comprehensive
scenes
achieve
liquid-drug
delivery,
thrombus
clearance,
fluid-flow
blockage
phantom
vascular
model
under
actuation.
Advanced Functional Materials,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
33(15)
Published: Jan. 25, 2023
Abstract
Untethered
mobile
micro‐/nanomotors
(MNMs),
as
newly‐emerging
attractive
and
versatile
nanotechnologies,
are
expected
to
be
the
next‐generation
disease
treatment
tools,
for
breaking
through
limitations
of
conventional
passive
drug
delivery
manner.
However,
advances
in
these
fascinating
platforms
have
been
hampered
by
complexity
biological
environment
particularity
microenvironment.
Consequently,
specific
design
strategies
clinical
imaging
techniques
essential
ensure
high‐efficiency
biomedical
MNMs
on
actuation,
targeting,
localization,
therapy
when
performing
assigned
vivo
tasks.
This
review
thus
comprehensively
addresses
three
aspects
MNMs,
including
design,
imaging,
treatment,
highlighting
intelligent
with
biomimetic
functionality
chemotactic
capability,
emphasizing
applicability
different
techniques,
focusing
various
proof‐of‐concept
studies
based
physiological
characteristics
major
diseases.
In
addition,
key
challenges
current
addressed,
which
may
inspire
future
research
facilitate
translation
toward
treatment.
