With
the
rapid
advancement
of
biomaterials
and
tissue
engineering
technologies,
organoid
research
its
applications
have
made
significant
strides.
Organoids
are
increasingly
utilized
in
pharmacology,
regenerative
medicine,
precision
clinical
medicine.
Current
trends
moving
toward
multifunctional
composite
three-dimensional
cultivation
dynamic
strategies.
Key
technologies
driving
this
evolution,
including
3D
printing
microfluidics,
continue
to
impact
new
areas
discovery
relevance.
This
review
provides
a
systematic
overview
these
emerging
trends,
discussing
strengths
limitations
critical
offering
insight
directions
for
professionals
working
field.
Advanced Healthcare Materials,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
12(18)
Published: March 14, 2023
Abstract
Decades
of
efforts
in
engineering
vitro
cancer
models
have
advanced
drug
discovery
and
the
insight
into
biology.
However,
establishment
preclinical
that
enable
fully
recapitulating
tumor
microenvironment
remains
challenging
owing
to
its
intrinsic
complexity.
Recent
progress
techniques
has
allowed
development
a
new
generation
can
recreate
complex
vivo
microenvironments
accurately
predict
responses,
including
spheroids,
organoids,
tumor‐on‐a‐chip.
These
biomimetic
3D
are
particular
interest
as
they
pave
way
for
better
understanding
biology
accelerating
anticancer
therapeutics
with
reducing
animal
use.
Here,
recent
advances
developing
these
platforms
modeling
screening,
focusing
on
incorporating
hydrogels
reviewed
reconstitute
physiologically
relevant
microenvironments.
The
combination
spheroids/organoids
microfluidic
technologies
is
also
highlighted
mimic
tumors
discuss
challenges
future
directions
clinical
translation
such
screening
personalized
medicine.
Journal of Translational Medicine,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
22(1)
Published: Jan. 3, 2024
Abstract
Breast
cancer
(BC)
is
a
multifaceted
disease
characterized
by
distinct
molecular
subtypes
and
varying
responses
to
treatment.
In
BC,
the
phosphatidylinositol
3-kinase
(PI3K)
pathway
has
emerged
as
crucial
contributor
development,
advancement,
resistance
This
review
article
explores
implications
of
PI3K
in
predictive,
preventive,
personalized
medicine
for
BC.
It
emphasizes
identification
predictive
biomarkers,
such
PIK3CA
mutations,
utility
profiling
guiding
treatment
decisions.
The
also
discusses
potential
targeting
preventive
strategies
customization
therapy
based
on
tumor
stage,
subtypes,
genetic
alterations.
Overcoming
inhibitors
exploring
combination
therapies
are
addressed
important
considerations.
While
this
field
holds
promise
improving
patient
outcomes,
further
research
clinical
trials
needed
validate
these
approaches
translate
them
into
practice.
Graphical
Bioactive Materials,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
32, P. 445 - 472
Published: Oct. 26, 2023
Effective
tumor
treatment
depends
on
optimizing
drug
penetration
and
accumulation
in
tissue
while
minimizing
systemic
toxicity.
Nanomedicine
has
emerged
as
a
key
solution
that
addresses
the
rapid
clearance
of
free
drugs,
but
achieving
deep
into
solid
tumors
remains
elusive.
This
review
discusses
various
strategies
to
enhance
penetration,
including
manipulation
microenvironment,
exploitation
both
external
internal
stimuli,
pioneering
nanocarrier
surface
engineering,
development
innovative
tactics
for
active
penetration.
One
outstanding
strategy
is
organelle-affinitive
transfer,
which
exploits
unique
properties
specific
cell
organelles
heralds
potentially
transformative
approach
transcellular
transfer
Rigorous
models
are
essential
evaluate
efficacy
these
strategies.
The
patient-derived
xenograft
(PDX)
model
gaining
traction
bridge
between
laboratory
discovery
clinical
application.
However,
journey
from
bench
bedside
nanomedicines
fraught
with
challenges.
Future
efforts
should
prioritize
deepening
our
understanding
nanoparticle-tumor
interactions,
re-evaluating
EPR
effect,
exploring
novel
nanoparticle
transport
mechanisms.
Advanced Science,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 2, 2025
Abstract
Despite
significant
research
progress,
tumor
heterogeneity
remains
elusive,
and
its
complexity
poses
a
barrier
to
anticancer
drug
discovery
cancer
treatment.
Response
the
same
varies
across
patients,
timing
of
treatment
is
an
important
factor
in
determining
prognosis.
Therefore,
development
patient‐specific
preclinical
models
that
can
predict
patient's
response
within
short
period
imperative.
In
this
study,
printed
gastric
(pGC)
model
developed
for
chemotherapy
using
extrusion‐based
3D
bioprinting
technology
tissue‐specific
bioinks
containing
patient‐derived
chunks.
The
pGC
retained
original
characteristics
enabled
rapid
evaluation
2
weeks
isolation
from
patient.
fact,
it
confirmed
response‐related
gene
profile
tissues
co‐cultured
with
human
fibroblasts
(hGaFibro)
similar
patient
tissues.
This
suggested
application
potentially
overcome
challenges
associated
accurate
(e.g.,
xenografts)
owing
deficiency
stromal
cells
derived
Consequently,
manifested
remarkable
similarity
patients
terms
prognostic
predictability.
Hence,
considered
promising
tool
personalized
precise
treatments.
Biomimetics,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
10(1), P. 28 - 28
Published: Jan. 4, 2025
The
development
of
biocompatible
hydrogels
for
3D
bioprinting
is
essential
creating
functional
tissue
models
and
advancing
preclinical
drug
testing.
This
study
investigates
the
formulation,
printability,
mechanical
properties,
biocompatibility
a
novel
Alg-Gel
hydrogel
blend
(alginate
gelatin)
use
in
extrusion-based
bioprinting.
A
range
compositions
were
evaluated
their
rheological
behavior,
including
shear-thinning
storage
modulus,
compressive
which
are
crucial
maintaining
structural
integrity
during
printing
supporting
cell
viability.
printability
assessment
7%
alginate-8%
gelatin
demonstrated
that
27T
tapered
needle
achieved
highest
normalized
Printability
Index
(POInormalized
=
1),
offering
narrowest
strand
width
(0.56
±
0.02
mm)
accuracy
(97.2%)
at
lowest
pressure
(30
psi).
In
contrast,
30R
needle,
with
smallest
inner
diameter
(0.152
(80
psi),
resulted
widest
(0.70
0.01
(88.8%),
resulting
POInormalized
0.274.
30T
27R
needles
moderate
performance,
values
0.758
0.558,
respectively.
optimized
alginate
8%
favorable
strength,
compatibility
MDA-MB-213
breast
cancer
cells,
exhibiting
high
proliferation
rates
minimal
cytotoxicity
over
2-week
culture
period.
formulation
offers
balanced
approach,
providing
sufficient
viscosity
precision
while
minimizing
shear
stress
to
preserve
health.
work
lays
groundwork
future
advancements
bioprinted
models,
contributing
more
effective
tools
screening
personalized
medicine.
Oncogene,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 25, 2025
Genome-wide
functional
genetic
screening
has
been
widely
used
in
the
biomedicine
field,
which
makes
it
possible
to
find
a
needle
haystack
at
level.
In
cancer
research,
gene
mutations
are
closely
related
tumor
development,
metastasis,
and
recurrence,
use
of
state-of-the-art
powerful
technologies,
such
as
clustered
regularly
interspaced
short
palindromic
repeat
(CRISPR),
search
for
most
critical
genes
or
coding
products
provides
us
with
new
possibility
further
refine
mapping
provide
possibilities
treatment
patients.
The
CRISPR
refined
atlas
provided
Immunotherapy,
highly
promising
method,
validated
clinic,
but
could
only
meet
needs
small
proportion
Finding
immunotherapy
targets
is
key
future
immunotherapy.
Here,
we
revisit
application
immunology
from
different
perspectives,
selection
diverse
vitro
vivo
models
potential
immune
checkpoints
potentiating
CAR-T
cells.
data
will
offer
fresh
therapeutic
clues
Cancers,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
17(4), P. 700 - 700
Published: Feb. 19, 2025
The
development
of
anticancer
therapies
has
increasingly
relied
on
advanced
3D
in
vitro
models,
which
more
accurately
mimic
the
tumor
microenvironment
compared
to
traditional
2D
cultures.
This
review
describes
evolution
these
highlighting
significant
advancements
and
their
impact
cancer
research.
We
discuss
integration
machine
learning
(ML)
artificial
intelligence
(AI)
enhancing
predictive
power
efficiency
potentially
reducing
dependence
animal
testing.
ML
AI
offer
innovative
approaches
for
analyzing
complex
data,
optimizing
experimental
conditions,
predicting
therapeutic
outcomes
with
higher
accuracy.
By
leveraging
technologies,
next
generation
models
could
revolutionize
drug
development,
offering
effective
alternatives
experiments.
Journal of Translational Medicine,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
22(1)
Published: Nov. 8, 2024
The
complexity
of
tumors
and
the
challenges
associated
with
treatment
often
stem
from
limitations
existing
models
in
accurately
replicating
authentic
tumors.
Recently,
organoid
technology
has
emerged
as
an
innovative
platform
for
tumor
research.
This
bioengineering
approach
enables
researchers
to
simulate,
vitro,
interactions
between
their
microenvironment,
thereby
enhancing
intricate
interplay
cells
surroundings.
Organoids
also
integrate
multidimensional
data,
providing
a
novel
paradigm
understanding
development
progression
while
facilitating
precision
therapy.
Furthermore,
advancements
imaging
genetic
editing
techniques
have
significantly
augmented
potential
organoids
review
explores
application
more
precise
simulations
its
specific
contributions
cancer
research
advancements.
Additionally,
we
discuss
evolving
trends
developing
comprehensive
utilizing
technology.