Chemical multiscale robotics for bacterial biofilm treatment DOI Creative Commons
Carmen C. Mayorga‐Martinez, Li Zhang, Martin Pumera

et al.

Chemical Society Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 53(5), P. 2284 - 2299

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

A biofilm constitutes a bacterial community encased in sticky matrix of extracellular polymeric substances. These intricate microbial communities adhere to various host surfaces such as hard and soft tissues well indwelling medical devices. aggregates form robust substances (EPSs), leading the majority human infections. Such infections tend exhibit high resistance treatment, often progressing into chronic states. The EPS protects bacteria from hostile environment prevents penetration antibacterial agents. Modern robots at nano, micro, millimeter scales are highly attractive candidates for biomedical applications due their diverse functionalities, navigating confined spaces targeted multitasking. In this tutorial review, we describe key milestones strategies developed removal eradication biofilms using different sizes shapes. It can be seen that useful effective tools treating biofilms, thus preventing persistent infections, loss costly implanted devices, additional costs associated with hospitalization therapies.

Language: Английский

Magnetically Driven Micro and Nanorobots DOI Creative Commons
Huaijuan Zhou, Carmen C. Mayorga‐Martinez, Salvador Pané

et al.

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 121(8), P. 4999 - 5041

Published: March 31, 2021

Manipulation and navigation of micro nanoswimmers in different fluid environments can be achieved by chemicals, external fields, or even motile cells. Many researchers have selected magnetic fields as the active actuation source based on advantageous features this strategy such remote spatiotemporal control, fuel-free, high degree reconfigurability, programmability, recyclability, versatility. This review introduces fundamental concepts advantages micro/nanorobots (termed here "MagRobots") well basic knowledge materials, setups for manipulation, field configurations, symmetry-breaking strategies effective movement. These are discussed to describe interactions between fields. Actuation mechanisms flagella-inspired MagRobots (i.e., corkscrew-like motion traveling-wave locomotion/ciliary stroke motion) surface walkers surface-assisted motion), applications other propulsion approaches, stimulation beyond provided followed fabrication techniques (quasi-)spherical, helical, flexible, wire-like, biohybrid MagRobots. Applications targeted drug/gene delivery, cell minimally invasive surgery, biopsy, biofilm disruption/eradication, imaging-guided delivery/therapy/surgery, pollution removal environmental remediation, (bio)sensing also reviewed. Finally, current challenges future perspectives development magnetically powered miniaturized motors discussed.

Language: Английский

Citations

576
Soft actuators for real-world applications DOI
Meng Li, Aniket Pal, Amirreza Aghakhani

et al.

Nature Reviews Materials, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 7(3), P. 235 - 249

Published: Nov. 10, 2021

Language: Английский

Citations

558
Functional Fibers and Fabrics for Soft Robotics, Wearables, and Human–Robot Interface DOI Creative Commons
Jiaqing Xiong, Jian Chen, Pooi See Lee

et al.

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 33(19)

Published: Oct. 6, 2020

Abstract Soft robotics inspired by the movement of living organisms, with excellent adaptability and accuracy for accomplishing tasks, are highly desirable efficient operations safe interactions human. With emerging wearable electronics, higher tactility skin affinity pursued user‐friendly human–robot interactions. Fabrics interlocked fibers perform traditional static functions such as warming, protection, fashion. Recently, dynamic fabrics favorable to deliver active stimulus responses sensing actuating abilities soft‐robots wearables. First, responsive mechanisms fiber/fabric actuators their performances under various external stimuli reviewed. Fiber/yarn‐based artificial muscles manipulation assistance in human motion discussed, well smart clothes improving perception. Second, geometric designs, fabrications, mechanisms, fibers/fabrics energy harvesting from body environments summarized. Effective integration between electronic components garments, skin, organisms is illustrated, presenting multifunctional platforms self‐powered potential biomedicine. Lastly, relationships robotic/wearable stimuli, together challenges possible routes revolutionizing robotic wearables this new era proposed.

Language: Английский

Citations

440
Trends in Micro‐/Nanorobotics: Materials Development, Actuation, Localization, and System Integration for Biomedical Applications DOI
Ben Wang, Kostas Kostarelos, Bradley J. Nelson

et al.

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 33(4)

Published: Dec. 4, 2020

Abstract Micro‐/nanorobots (m‐bots) have attracted significant interest due to their suitability for applications in biomedical engineering and environmental remediation. Particularly, vivo diagnosis intervention been the focus of extensive research recent years with various clinical imaging techniques being applied localization tracking. The successful integration well‐designed m‐bots surface functionalization, remote actuation systems, becomes crucial step toward applications, especially uses. This review thus addresses four different aspects m‐bots: design/fabrication, actuation, localization. diagnosis, sensing, microsurgery, targeted drug/cell delivery, thrombus ablation, wound healing are reviewed from these viewpoints. developed m‐bot systems comprehensively compared evaluated based on characteristics. current challenges directions future this field summarized.

Language: Английский

Citations

389
Medical micro/nanorobots in complex media DOI
Zhiguang Wu, Ye Chen, Daniel Mukasa

et al.

Chemical Society Reviews, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 49(22), P. 8088 - 8112

Published: Jan. 1, 2020

This article introduces how various complex media impact the propulsion of micro/nanorobotics and highlights emerging technological approaches to enhance locomotion in environments toward practical medical applicationsin vivo.

Language: Английский

Citations

257
Bioinspired light-driven soft robots based on liquid crystal polymers DOI Creative Commons
Marina Pilz da Cunha, Michael G. Debije, Albertus P. H. J. Schenning

et al.

Chemical Society Reviews, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 49(18), P. 6568 - 6578

Published: Jan. 1, 2020

The potential of liquid crystal polymers to undergo light-triggered shape changes makes them attractive for untethered bioinspired soft robots.

Language: Английский

Citations

255
Becoming Sustainable, The New Frontier in Soft Robotics DOI Creative Commons
Florian Hartmann, Melanie Baumgartner, Martin Kaltenbrunner

et al.

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 33(19)

Published: Dec. 18, 2020

The advancement of technology has a profound and far-reaching impact on the society, now penetrating all areas life. From cradle to grave, one is supported by depends wide range electronic robotic appliances, with an ever more intimate integration digital biological spheres. These advances, however, often come at price negatively impacting our ecosystem, growing demands energy, contributions greenhouse gas emissions environmental pollution-from production improper disposal. Mitigating these adverse effects among grand challenges society forefront materials research. currently emerging forms soft, biologically inspired electronics robotics have unique potential becoming not only like their natural antitypes in performance capabilities, but also terms ecological footprint. This review outlines rise sustainable soft bioinspired robotics, targeting components from actuators energy storage electronics. state-of-the-art biobased spans flourishing fields applications ranging microbots operating vivo biohybrid machines fully biodegradable yet resilient actuators. first steps initiate evolution guide them into future.

Language: Английский

Citations

189
Stimuli-responsive functional materials for soft robotics DOI
Zequn Shen, Feifei Chen, Xiangyang Zhu

et al.

Journal of Materials Chemistry B, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 8(39), P. 8972 - 8991

Published: Jan. 1, 2020

This review provides an overview of stimuli-responsive functional materials and their applications in soft robotics.

Language: Английский

Citations

188
External Power-Driven Microrobotic Swarm: From Fundamental Understanding to Imaging-Guided Delivery DOI
Qianqian Wang, Li Zhang

ACS Nano, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 149 - 174

Published: Jan. 8, 2021

Untethered micro/nanorobots have been widely investigated owing to their potential in performing various tasks different environments. The significant progress this emerging interdisciplinary field has benefited from the distinctive features of those tiny active agents, such as wireless actuation, navigation under feedback control, and targeted delivery small-scale objects. In recent studies, collective behaviors these machines received tremendous attention because swarming agents can enhance capability adaptability complex environments contrast medical imaging, thus benefiting imaging-guided delivery. review, we summarize research efforts on investigating external power-driven micro/nanorobots, including fundamental understanding swarm formation, navigation, pattern transformation. provides foundation for We also localization using imaging techniques, biological By highlighting critical steps interactions during control applications, envision that microrobotic a promising tool delivering an active, controlled manner.

Language: Английский

Citations

185
Biodegradable Untethered Magnetic Hydrogel Milli‐Grippers DOI Creative Commons

Sandhya Rani Goudu,

Immihan Ceren Yasa, Xinghao Hu

et al.

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 30(50)

Published: Sept. 15, 2020

Abstract Small‐scale magnetic soft‐bodied robots based on biocompatible and biodegradable materials are essential for their potential high‐impact minimally invasive medical applications inside the human body. Therefore, a strategy fully untethered soft millirobots with encoded 3D anisotropy static or dynamic shape programming is presented. Such robot body comprised of porcine extracellular matrix‐derived collagen‐based hydrogel network embedded superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs). magnetization achieved by directionally self‐assembled SPION chains using an external permanent magnet. As proof‐of‐concept demonstration, milli‐gripper that can undergo flexible reversible deformations glycerol biologically relevant liquid media The gripper perform cargo grabbing, transportation rolling, release controlling field inputs. These milli‐grippers be completely degraded matrix metalloproteinase‐2 enzyme in physiologically concentrations. Furthermore, biocompatibility tests umbilical cord vein endothelial cells degradation products grippers demonstrate no acute toxicity. approach offers facile fabrication designing nanocomposite programmable toward future applications.

Language: Английский

Citations

170