Two‐Photon Polymerization Lithography for Optics and Photonics: Fundamentals, Materials, Technologies, and Applications

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 33(39)

Published: March 22, 2023

Abstract The rapid development of additive manufacturing has fueled a revolution in various research fields and industrial applications. Among the myriad advanced 3D printing techniques, two‐photon polymerization lithography (TPL) uniquely offers significant advantage nanoscale print resolution, been widely employed diverse fields, for example, life sciences, materials mechanics, microfluidics. More recently, by virtue optical transparency most resins used, TPL is finding new applications optics photonics, with nanometer to millimeter feature dimensions. It enables minimization elements systems, exploration light‐matter interactions degrees freedom, never possible before. To review recent progress related research, it starts fundamentals material formulation, then discusses novel fabrication methods, wide range These notably include diffractive, topological, quantum, color optics. With panoramic view development, concluded insights perspectives future potential

Language: Английский

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3D-printed microrobots from design to translation

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Oct. 5, 2022

Microrobots have attracted the attention of scientists owing to their unique features accomplish tasks in hard-to-reach sites human body. can be precisely actuated and maneuvered individually or a swarm for cargo delivery, sampling, surgery, imaging applications. In addition, microrobots found applications environmental sector (e.g., water treatment). Besides, recent advancements three-dimensional (3D) printers enabled high-resolution fabrication with faster design-production turnaround time users limited micromanufacturing skills. Here, latest end 3D printed are reviewed (ranging from biomedical applications) along brief discussion over feasible actuation methods on- off-board), practical printing technologies microrobot fabrication. as future perspective, we discussed potential advantages integration smart materials, conceivable benefits implementation artificial intelligence (AI), well physical (PI). Moreover, order facilitate bench-to-bedside translation microrobots, current challenges impeding clinical elaborated, including entry obstacles immune system attacks) cumbersome standard test procedures ensure biocompatibility.

Language: Английский

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Control and Autonomy of Microrobots: Recent Progress and Perspective

Advanced Intelligent Systems, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 4(5)

Published: April 3, 2022

After decades of development, microrobots have exhibited great application potential in the biomedical field, such as minimally invasive surgery, drug delivery, and bio‐sensing. Compared with conventional medical robotic systems, may be capable reaching more narrow vulnerable regions human body minimal damage. However, limited by small scale microrobots, microprocessors, power supplies, sensors can hardly integrated on‐board. Thus, new strategies for actuation feedback need to explored. Furthermore, open‐loop control method accomplished operators lack accuracy, long‐duration operation could bring a severe physical challenge many applications. Consequently, automatic aid theories is developed improve efficiency precision. To further promote automation level machine learning algorithms are expected provide solution let adapt dynamic environments undertake complex tasks. Herein, systematic introduction manipulation from closed‐loop given this review. It envisioned that will play an important role future

Language: Английский

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Stimuli‐responsive photonic actuators for integrated biomimetic and intelligent systems

Deleted Journal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 1(1)

Published: July 27, 2023

Abstract Photonic actuators, serving as an emerging kind of intelligent stimuli‐responsive material, can exhibit the abilities to change their structural colors/fluorescence and shapes under specific external stimuli, which have demonstrated essential applications in fields soft robotics, sensors, bionics, information storage, anti‐counterfeiting, energy harvesting. In this review, we reported state‐of‐the‐art research progress photonic actuators classified on basis material type focusing actuation mechanisms, design principles, processing techniques. We also broadly summarized relative robots, so on. Finally, a vision for challenges area future promising directions is presented.

Language: Английский

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Stimuli-Responsive Functional Micro-/Nanorobots: A Review

ACS Nano, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17(16), P. 15254 - 15276

Published: Aug. 3, 2023

Stimuli-responsive functional micro-/nanorobots (srFM/Ns) are a class of intelligent, efficient, and promising microrobots that can react to external stimuli (such as temperature, light, ultrasound, pH, ion, magnetic field) perform designated tasks. Through adaptive transformation into the corresponding forms, they perfectly match demands depending on different applications, which manifest extremely important roles in targeted therapy, biological detection, tissue engineering, other fields. Promising srFM/Ns be, few reviews have focused them. It is therefore necessary provide an overview current development these intelligent clear inspiration for further this field. Hence, review summarizes advances stimuli-responsive regarding their response mechanism, achieved functions, applications highlight pros cons stimuli. Finally, we emphasize existing challenges propose possible strategies help accelerate study field promote toward actual applications.

Language: Английский

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Light-controlled soft bio-microrobot

Light Science & Applications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Feb. 26, 2024

Abstract Micro/nanorobots hold exciting prospects for biomedical and even clinical applications due to their small size high controllability. However, it is still a big challenge maneuver micro/nanorobots into narrow spaces with deformability adaptability perform complicated tasks. Here, we report light-controlled soft bio-microrobots (called “Ebot”) based on Euglena gracilis that are capable of performing multiple tasks in microenvironments including intestinal mucosa controllability, adaptability. The motion the Ebot can be precisely navigated via polygonal flagellum beating. Moreover, shows highly controlled different light illumination duration, which allows pass through curved microchannels With these features, Ebots able execute tasks, such as targeted drug delivery, selective removal diseased cells mucosa, well photodynamic therapy. This provides new bio-microrobotic tool, many possibilities task execution where conventional tools difficult access lack bio-adaptability.

Language: Английский

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State of the Art in Actuation of Micro/Nanorobots for Biomedical Applications

Small Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4(3)

Published: Feb. 2, 2024

The emergence of micro/nanorobotics stands poised to revolutionize various biomedical applications, given its potential offer precision, reduced invasiveness, and enhanced functionality. In the face such potential, understanding mechanisms that drive these tiny robots, especially their actuation techniques, becomes critical. Although there is a surge in research dedicated micro/nanorobotics, exists gap consolidating diverse strategies suitability for applications. This comprehensive review seeks bridge this by providing an in‐depth evaluation current techniques employed micro/nanorobots, particularly emphasizing relevance clinical translation. discussion starts elucidating different strategies, ranging from magnetic, electric, acoustic, light‐based, chemical biological mechanisms. Then, examples meticulous assessment each technique are offered, spotlighting respective merits limitations within context. illuminates transformative capabilities methods medicine. It not only highlights progress made burgeoning field but also underscores areas require further exploration development.

Language: Английский

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Chemical multiscale robotics for bacterial biofilm treatment

Chemical Society Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 53(5), P. 2284 - 2299

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

A biofilm constitutes a bacterial community encased in sticky matrix of extracellular polymeric substances. These intricate microbial communities adhere to various host surfaces such as hard and soft tissues well indwelling medical devices. aggregates form robust substances (EPSs), leading the majority human infections. Such infections tend exhibit high resistance treatment, often progressing into chronic states. The EPS protects bacteria from hostile environment prevents penetration antibacterial agents. Modern robots at nano, micro, millimeter scales are highly attractive candidates for biomedical applications due their diverse functionalities, navigating confined spaces targeted multitasking. In this tutorial review, we describe key milestones strategies developed removal eradication biofilms using different sizes shapes. It can be seen that useful effective tools treating biofilms, thus preventing persistent infections, loss costly implanted devices, additional costs associated with hospitalization therapies.

Language: Английский

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Advanced materials for micro/nanorobotics

Chemical Society Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 53(18), P. 9190 - 9253

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Autonomous micro/nanorobots capable of performing programmed missions are at the forefront next-generation micromachinery. These small robotic systems predominantly constructed using functional components sourced from micro- and nanoscale materials; therefore, combining them with various advanced materials represents a pivotal direction toward achieving higher level intelligence multifunctionality. This review provides comprehensive overview for innovative micro/nanorobotics, focusing on five families that have witnessed most rapid advancements over last decade: two-dimensional materials, metal-organic frameworks, semiconductors, polymers, biological cells. Their unique physicochemical, mechanical, optical, properties been integrated into to achieve greater maneuverability, programmability, intelligence, multifunctionality in collective behaviors. The design fabrication methods hybrid discussed based material categories. In addition, their promising potential powering motion and/or (multi-)functionality is described fundamental principles underlying explained. Finally, extensive use variety applications, including environmental remediation, (bio)sensing, therapeutics,

Language: Английский

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Metareview: a survey of active matter reviews

The European Physical Journal E, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 48(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

In the past years, amount of research on active matter has grown extremely rapidly, a fact that is reflected in particular by existence more than 1000 reviews this topic. Moreover, field become very diverse, ranging from theoretical studies statistical mechanics particles to applied work medical applications microrobots and biological systems artificial swimmers. This makes it difficult get an overview over as whole. Here, we provide such form metareview article surveys existing review articles books matter. Thereby, provides useful starting point for finding literature about specific

Language: Английский

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