Successful cognitive aging is associated with thicker anterior cingulate cortex and lower tau deposition compared to typical aging

Alzheimer s & Dementia, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 20(1), P. 341 - 355

Published: Aug. 24, 2023

Abstract INTRODUCTION There is no consensus on either the definition of successful cognitive aging (SA) or underlying neural mechanisms. METHODS We examined agreement between new and existing definitions using: (1) a novel measure, age gap (SA‐CAG, cognitive‐predicted minus chronological age), (2) composite scores for episodic memory (SA‐EM), (3) non‐memory cognition (SA‐NM), (4) California Verbal Learning Test (SA‐CVLT). RESULTS Fair to moderate strength was found four definitions. Most SA groups showed greater cortical thickness compared typical (TA), especially in anterior cingulate midcingulate cortices medial temporal lobes. Greater hippocampal volume all except SA‐NM. Lower entorhinal 18 F‐Flortaucipir (FTP) uptake groups. DISCUSSION These findings suggest that feature SA, regardless its exact definition, resistance tau pathology preserved integrity, cortices. Highlights Different approaches have been used define (SA). Regardless different similar brain features. individuals volume. deposition, but not amyloid beta related SA. A combination integrity may be features

Language: Английский

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Cognitive aging outcomes are related to both tau pathology and maintenance of cingulate cortex structure

Alzheimer s & Dementia, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 14, 2025

Abstract INTRODUCTION Successful cognitive aging is related to both maintaining brain structure and avoiding Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology, but how these factors interplay unclear. METHODS A total of 109 cognitively normal older adults (70+ years old) underwent amyloid beta (Aβ) tau positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), testing. Cognitive was quantified using the age gap (CAG), subtracting chronological from predicted age. RESULTS Lower CAG (younger age) slower decline in episodic memory, multi‐domain cognition, atrophy midcingulate cortex (MCC). entorhinal cortical linked hippocampal atrophy. DISCUSSION These results suggest that outcomes may be influenced by two independent pathways: one associated with accumulation, affecting primarily memory atrophy, another involving tau‐independent preservation MCC, benefiting cognition over time. Highlights Younger (lower [CAG]) decline. (MCC) Reduced less Structural MCC benefits Two pathways influence aging: accumulation preservation.

Language: Английский

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Cholinergic neurotransmission in the anterior cingulate cortex is associated with cognitive performance in healthy older adults: Baseline characteristics of the Improving Neurological Health in Aging via Neuroplasticity-based Computerized Exercise (INHANCE) trial

Neuroimage Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 5(1), P. 100234 - 100234

Published: Jan. 29, 2025

Language: Английский

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[18F]Mefway: Imaging Serotonin 5HT1A Receptors in Human Postmortem Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Disease Anterior Cingulate. Potential Applications to Human Positron Emission Tomography Studies

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(4), P. 592 - 592

Published: April 16, 2025

Serotonin 5HT1A receptors may be affected in neurodegeneration, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's (PD). Using the selective receptor positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agent, [18F]mefway, autoradiographic studies from postmortem human brains of AD, PD, cognitively normal (CN) subjects were carried out. Levels [18F]mefway binding compared with monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) measured using [18F]FAZIN3 dopamine D2/D3 [18F]fallypride same subjects. Autoradiograms brain sections anterior cingulate corpus callosum CN, AD (n = 6 each group) analyzed. Significant increased was found (+30%) PD (+11%) to CN brains. This increase positively correlated binding, suggesting greater availability when MAO-A levels are higher. Differences three groups not significant. Our results support finding that is elevated cortex negatively MAO-A. upregulation potentially a response lower serotonin due activity this region or other neuroinflammatory changes. Thus, potential target for diagnostic therapeutic approaches PD.

Language: Английский

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Understanding the cognitive factors which contribute to individual differences in financial capacity in aging

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: May 2, 2025

Language: Английский

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The Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment

Neurology International, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(4), P. 1423 - 1442

Published: Nov. 29, 2023

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) came into consideration in recent years as a promising, non-invasive form of neuromodulation for individuals suffering from mild cognitive impairment (MCI). MCI represents transitional stage between normal aging and more severe decline, which appears neurodegenerative diseases, such Alzheimer's disease. Numerous studies have shown that tDCS can several useful effects patients with MCI. It is believed to enhance functions, including memory attention, potentially slowing down the progression neurodegeneration decline. work by modulating neuronal activity promoting synaptic plasticity brain regions associated cognition. Moreover, generally considered safe well-tolerated, making it an attractive option long-term therapeutic use However, further research needed determine optimal parameters this population, well its potential serve complementary therapy alongside other interventions In review, we included 16 randomized clinical trials containing who were treated tDCS. We aim provide important evidence enhancement using MCI, summarizing conclusions found trials, discuss main mechanisms.

Language: Английский

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Regional- and cell type-specific changes of the human brain during aging

Human Brain, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2(3)

Published: Jan. 10, 2024

As individuals age, cognitive decline becomes more prominent, concomitant with an elevated susceptibility to neurodegenerative diseases and dementia. Additionally, symptoms of chronic neuropsychiatric tend worsen age. It is crucial highlight that the aging process does not affect uniformly, its effects can vary, even within same person. This review aims summary impact healthy on human brain, focusing variations from different brain regions cell types. Depending specific regions, exhibits thinning, volume reduction, regional shrinkage, disrupted tissue integrity, decreased complexity, or iron accumulation during aging. Moreover, cells exhibit morphology function changes Neurons undergo characterized by reduced dendrites, dendritic spines, axons less compact myelin sheaths, leading a significant loss synapses. Comparatively, glia often transform into reactive phenotype.

Language: Английский

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Hearing function moderates age-related changes in brain morphometry in the HCP Aging cohort

Published: April 27, 2024

Introduction: There are well-established relationships between aging and neurodegenerative changes, hearing loss. The goal of this study was to determine how structural brain is influenced by Methods: Human Connectome Project Aging (HCP-A) data were analyzed, including T1-weighted MRI Words in Noise (WIN) thresholds (n=623). Freesurfer extracted gray white matter volume, cortical thickness, area, curvature. Linear regression models targeted (1) interactions age WIN threshold (2) correlations with adjusted for age, both corrected false discovery rate (p FDR <0.05). Results: moderated age-related increase volume bilateral inferior lateral ventricles, higher associated increased ventricle expansion. Age-related deterioration occipital cortex also thresholds. When controlling high correlated reduced thickness Heschl's gyrus, calcarine sulcus, other sensory regions, temporal lobe matter. Older volunteers poorer cognitive scores had the lowest left parahippocampal Conclusions: Preserved abilities a reduction changes medial lobe, preserved at any tissue auditory regions. Future longitudinal studies needed assess causal nature these relationships, but results indicate interventions which preserve function may combat some aging.

Language: Английский

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A Strategy for Allowing Earlier Diagnosis and Rigorous Evaluation of BACE1 Inhibitors in Preclinical Alzheimer’s Disease

Journal of Alzheimer s Disease, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 99(2), P. 431 - 445

Published: April 30, 2024

Given continued failure of BACE1 inhibitor programs at symptomatic and prodromal stages Alzheimer’s disease (AD), clinical trials need to target the earlier preclinical stage. However, trial design is complex in this population with negative diagnosis classical hippocampal amnesia on standard memory tests. Besides recent advances brain imaging, electroencephalogram, fluid-based biomarkers, new cognitive markers should be established for that can optimize recruitment presymptomatic AD. Notably, accelerated long-term forgetting (ALF) emerging as a sensitive measure discriminate between asymptomatic individuals high risks developing AD healthy controls. ALF form declarative impairment characterized by increased rates over longer delays (days months) despite normal storage within testing (20–60 min). Therefore, may represent harbinger dementia systems consolidation, during which traces temporarily stored hippocampus become gradually integrated into cortical networks. This review provides an overview utility rational next-generation I explore potential mechanisms underlying relevant early-stage biomarkers useful evaluation, including synaptic protein alterations, astrocytic dysregulation neuron hyperactivity hippocampal-cortical network. Furthermore, given physiological role isoform BACE2 AD-suppressor gene, also discuss possible association poor selectivity inhibitors their side effects (e.g., worsening) prior trials.

Language: Английский

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Cognitive Trajectories and Alzheimer Disease Biomarkers: From Successful Cognitive Aging to Clinical Impairment

Annals of Neurology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 96(2), P. 378 - 389

Published: May 15, 2024

Objective Cross‐sectional definitions of successful cognitive aging have been widely utilized, but longitudinal measurements can identify people who do not decline. We performed this study to contrast maintenance with declining trajectories, including clinical conversion. Methods included baseline cognitively unimpaired Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative participants 3 or more testing sessions (n = 539, follow‐up 6.1 ± 3.5 years) and calculated slopes an episodic memory composite (MEM) classify them into two groups: maintainers (slope ≥ 0) decliners < 0). Within decliners, we examined a subgroup individuals became clinically impaired during follow‐up. These groups were compared on characteristics performance, as well both cross‐sectional Alzheimer disease (AD) biomarker measures (beta‐amyloid [Aβ], tau, hippocampal volume). Results Forty‐one percent 221) the cohort MEM maintainers, 33% 105) converted impairment Compared those superior scores, had lower education likely be male. Maintainers did differ higher non‐MEM scores. global Aβ, tau pathology, larger volumes than even after removing converters. There no differences in rates change any AD biomarkers between trajectory except for rate atrophy converters maintainers. Interpretation Using data define reduces sex bias reveals prognostic importance early onset accumulation pathology. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:378–389

Language: Английский

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