Recent progress in photosensitizers for overcoming the challenges of photodynamic therapy: from molecular design to application

Chemical Society Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 50(6), P. 4185 - 4219

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

Molecular design directions for overcoming the photodynamic therapy challenges.

Language: Английский

---

Second near-infrared photothermal materials for combinational nanotheranostics

Chemical Society Reviews, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 50(2), P. 1111 - 1137

Published: Nov. 27, 2020

This review summarizes the recent development of second near-infrared photothermal combinational nanotheranostics for cancer, infectious diseases and regenerative medicine.

Language: Английский

---

Overcoming barriers in photodynamic therapy harnessing nano-formulation strategies

Chemical Society Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 50(16), P. 9152 - 9201

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been extensively investigated for decades tumor treatment because of its non-invasiveness, spatiotemporal selectivity, lower side-effects, and immune activation ability.

Language: Английский

---

Semiconducting Polymer Nanomaterials as Near-Infrared Photoactivatable Protherapeutics for Cancer

Accounts of Chemical Research, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 53(4), P. 752 - 762

Published: Feb. 6, 2020

Cancer therapy is routinely performed in the clinic to cure cancer and control its progression, wherein therapeutic agents are generally used. To reduce side effects, protherapeutic that can be activated by overexpressed biomarkers under development. However, these still face certain extent of off-target activation normal tissues, stimulating interest design external-stimuli activatable protherapeutics. In this regard, photoactivatable have been utilized for treatments. because intrinsic features photolabile moieties, most only respond ultraviolet-visible light, limiting their vivo applications. Thus, near-infrared (NIR) light with minimal phototoxicity increased tissue penetration highly desired.In Account, we summarize our semiconducting polymer nanomaterials (SPNs) as NIR treatment. SPNs transformed from π-conjugated polymers efficiently convert into heat or singlet oxygen (1O2). With photothermal photodynamic properties, directly used photomedicine serve transducers activate 1O2-responsive agents.The heat-activatable SPN-based developed loading conjugating (e.g., agonist, gene, enzyme). For instance, photothermally triggered release agonists specifically activates protein ion channels on cellular membrane, leading overinflux induced mitochondria dysfunction consequently apoptosis cells. Moreover, temperature-sensitive bromelain promote situ degradation collagens (the major components extracellular matrix), resulting an improved accumulation tumor tissues thus amplified outcome.The 1O2-activatable constructed through covalent conjugation caged via hypoxia- 1O2-cleavable linkers. Upon photoirradiation, consume generate 1O2, which leads (PDT), meanwhile breaks linkers on-demand molecules chemodrug, enzyme, inhibitor). Such remote applied induce DNA damage, ribonucleic acid degradation, inhibition biosynthesis, immune system tumors living animals. By synergizing PDT photoactivation those biological actions, effectively eliminate even fully inhibit metastasis.This Account highlights potential construction versatile protherapeutics treat at designated times locations high outcome precision.

Language: Английский

---

Engineering of Upconverted Metal–Organic Frameworks for Near-Infrared Light-Triggered Combinational Photodynamic/Chemo-/Immunotherapy against Hypoxic Tumors

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 142(8), P. 3939 - 3946

Published: Jan. 23, 2020

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have shown great potential as nanophotosensitizers (nPSs) for photodynamic therapy (PDT). The use of such MOFs in PDT, however, is limited by the shallow depth tissue penetration short-wavelength light and oxygen-dependent mechanism that renders it inadequate hypoxic tumors. Here, to combat limitations, we rationally designed core-shell upconversion nanoparticle@porphyrinic (UCSs) combinational against UCSs were synthesized high yield through conditional surface engineering UCNPs subsequent seed-mediated growth strategy. heterostructure allows efficient energy transfer from UCNP core MOF shell, which enables near-infrared (NIR) light-triggered production cytotoxic reactive oxygen species. A hypoxia-activated prodrug tirapazamine (TPZ) was encapsulated nanopores shell heterostructures final construct TPZ/UCSs. We demonstrated TPZ/UCSs represent a promising system achieving improved cancer treatment vitro vivo via combination NIR light-induced PDT chemotherapy. Furthermore, integration nanoplatform with antiprogrammed death-ligand 1 (α-PD-L1) promotes abscopal effect completely inhibit untreated distant tumors generating specific tumor infiltration T cells. Collectively, this work highlights robust combining chemotherapy immunotherapy current limitations treatment.

Language: Английский

---

Recent advances in nanomedicines for photodynamic therapy (PDT)-driven cancer immunotherapy

Theranostics, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(1), P. 434 - 458

Published: Dec. 15, 2021

Cancer immunotherapy has made tremendous clinical progress in advanced-stage malignancies. However, patients with various tumors exhibit a low response rate to because of powerful immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and insufficient immunogenicity tumors. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) can not only directly kill cells, but also elicit immunogenic cell death (ICD), providing antitumor immunity. Unfortunately, limitations from the inherent nature complex TME significantly reduce efficiency PDT. Recently, smart nanomedicine-based strategies could subtly modulate pharmacokinetics therapeutic compounds optimize both PDT immunotherapy, resulting an improved effect. Here, emerging nanomedicines for PDT-driven cancer are reviewed, including hypoxia-reversed nanomedicines, nanosized metal-organic frameworks, subcellular targeted nanoparticles (NPs). Moreover, we highlight synergistic nanotherapeutics used amplify immune responses combined against Lastly, challenges future expectations field discussed.

Language: Английский

---

Unimolecular Photodynamic O₂-Economizer To Overcome Hypoxia Resistance in Phototherapeutics

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 142(11), P. 5380 - 5388

Published: Feb. 27, 2020

Tumor hypoxia has proven to be the major bottleneck of photodynamic therapy (PDT) clinical transformation. Different from traditional O2 delivery approaches, here we describe an innovative binary O2-economizer (PDOE) tactic reverse hypoxia-driven resistance by designing a superoxide radical (O2•–) generator targeting mitochondria respiration, termed SORgenTAM. This PDOE system is able block intracellular consumption and down-regulate HIF-1α expression, which successfully rescues cancer cells becoming hypoxic relieves intrinsic burden tumors in vivo, thereby sparing sufficient endogenous for PDT process. Photosensitization mechanism studies demonstrate that SORgenTAM ideal intersystem crossing rate triplet excited state lifetime generating O2•– through type-I photochemistry, generated can further trigger biocascade reduce PDT's demand O2-recycble manner. Furthermore, also serves activate AMPK metabolism signaling pathway inhibit cell repair promote death. Consequently, using this two-step O2-economical strategy, under relatively low light dose irradiation, excellent therapeutic responses toward are achieved. study offers conceptual while practical paradigm overcoming pitfalls phototherapeutics.

Language: Английский

---

Recent advances of AIE light-up probes for photodynamic therapy

Chemical Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(19), P. 6488 - 6506

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

AIE fluorogens provide new opportunities for the development of light-up probes photodynamic therapy.

Language: Английский

---

Organic Semiconducting Pro‐nanostimulants for Near‐Infrared Photoactivatable Cancer Immunotherapy

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 58(36), P. 12680 - 12687

Published: July 6, 2019

Abstract In this study, an organic semiconducting pro‐nanostimulant (OSPS) with a near‐infrared (NIR) photoactivatable immunotherapeutic action for synergetic cancer therapy is presented. OSPS comprises polymer nanoparticle (SPN) core and immunostimulant conjugated through singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ) cleavable linkers. Upon NIR laser irradiation, generates both heat to exert combinational phototherapy not only ablate tumors but also produce tumor‐associated antigens. More importantly, irradiation triggers the cleavage of ‐cleavable linkers, triggering remote release immunostimulants from modulate immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Thus, released antigens in conjunction activated induce synergistic antitumor immune response after OSPS‐mediated phototherapy, resulting inhibited growth primary/distant lung metastasis mouse xenograft model, which observed sole phototherapy.

Language: Английский

---

Second Near‐Infrared Photothermal Semiconducting Polymer Nanoadjuvant for Enhanced Cancer Immunotherapy

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 33(4)

Published: Dec. 16, 2020

Abstract Immunotherapy has offered new treatment options for cancer; however, the therapeutic benefits are often modest and desired to be improved. A semiconducting polymer nanoadjuvant (SPN II R) with a photothermally triggered cargo release second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) photothermal immunotherapy is reported here. SPN R consists of nanoparticle core as an NIR‐II converter, which doped toll‐like receptor (TLR) agonist adjuvant coated thermally responsive lipid shell. Upon photoirradiation, effectively generates heat not only ablate tumors induce immunogenic cell death (ICD), but also melt layers on‐demand TLR agonist. The combination ICD activation TLR7/TLR8 enhances maturation dendritic cells, amplifies anti‐tumor immune responses. Thus, single R‐mediated inhibits growth both primary distant eliminates lung metastasis in murine mouse model. This study thus provides remote‐controlled smart delivery system synergize photomedicine enhanced cancer treatment.

Language: Английский

---