Rapid
and
effective
repair
of
injured
or
diseased
bone
defects
remains
a
major
challenge
due
to
shortages
implants.
Smart
hydrogels
that
respond
internal
external
stimuli
achieve
therapeutic
actions
in
spatially
temporally
controlled
manner
have
recently
attracted
much
attention
for
therapy
regeneration.
These
can
be
modified
by
introducing
responsive
moieties
embedding
nanoparticles
increase
their
capacity
repair.
Under
specific
stimuli,
smart
variable,
programmable,
controllable
changes
on
demand
modulate
the
microenvironment
promoting
healing.
In
this
review,
we
highlight
advantages
summarize
materials,
gelation
methods,
properties.
Then,
overview
recent
advances
developing
biochemical
signals,
electromagnetic
energy,
physical
including
single,
dual,
multiple
types
enable
physiological
pathological
modulating
microenvironment.
discuss
current
challenges
future
perspectives
regarding
clinical
translation
hydrogels.
ACS Applied Bio Materials,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
4(1), P. 85 - 121
Published: Aug. 17, 2020
Natural
biopolymer-based
conductive
hydrogels,
which
combine
inherent
renewable,
nontoxic
features,
biocompatibility
and
biodegradability
of
biopolymers,
excellent
flexibility
conductivity
exhibit
great
potential
in
applications
wearable
stretchable
sensing
devices.
Compared
to
traditional
flexible
substrates
deriving
from
petro-materials-derived
polymers,
hydrogels
consisting
continuous
cross-linked
polymer
networks
a
large
amount
water
more
fantastic
combination
stretchability
because
their
endow
the
with
mechanical
offers
them
consecutive
ionic
transport
property.
Different
biopolymers
that
are
extracted
bioresource
intrinsic
commonly
considered
as
appropriate
candidates
for
constructing
For
example,
such
cellulose,
chitosan,
silk
fibroin
usually
chosen
promising
construct
endowing
enhanced
properties
remarkable
biocompatibility.
This
review
summarizes
recent
progress
natural
utilized
electrical
devices
series
typical
including
fibroin,
gelatin.
The
chemical
structures
physicochemical
four
demonstrated,
diverse
hydrogel
sensors
discussed
detail.
Finally,
remaining
challenges
expectations
discussed.
Chemical Society Reviews,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
50(7), P. 4541 - 4563
Published: Jan. 1, 2021
Different
chemical,
physical,
and
biomarker
triggers
to
unlock
the
metal–organic
framework
nanoparticles
release
drugs
loaded
in
particles
will
be
addressed.
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
13(1)
Published: Aug. 18, 2022
Stretchable
ionic
conductors
are
considerable
to
be
the
most
attractive
candidate
for
next-generation
flexible
ionotronic
devices.
Nevertheless,
high
conductivity,
excellent
mechanical
properties,
good
self-healing
capacity
and
recyclability
necessary
but
can
rarely
satisfied
in
one
material.
Herein,
we
propose
an
conductor
design,
dynamic
supramolecular
conductive
elastomers
(DSICE),
via
phase-locked
strategy,
wherein
locking
soft
phase
polyether
backbone
conducts
lithium-ion
(Li+)
transport
combination
of
disulfide
metathesis
stronger
quadruple
hydrogen
bonds
hard
domains
contributes
versatility.
The
dual-phase
design
performs
its
own
functions
conflict
among
capability,
compatibility
thus
defeated.
well-designed
DSICE
exhibits
conductivity
(3.77
×
10-3
S
m-1
at
30
°C),
transparency
(92.3%),
superior
stretchability
(2615.17%
elongation),
strength
(27.83
MPa)
toughness
(164.36
MJ
m-3),
capability
(~99%
room
temperature)
favorable
recyclability.
This
work
provides
interesting
strategy
designing
advanced
offers
promise
devices
or
solid-state
batteries.
Advanced Materials,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
33(26)
Published: May 24, 2021
Abstract
Azobenzene
is
a
well‐known
derivative
of
stimulus‐responsive
molecular
switches
and
has
shown
superior
performance
as
functional
material
in
biomedical
applications.
The
results
multiple
studies
have
led
to
the
development
light/hypoxia‐responsive
azobenzene
for
use.
In
recent
years,
long‐wavelength‐responsive
been
developed.
Matching
longer
wavelength
absorption
hypoxia‐response
characteristics
switch
unit
bio‐optical
window
large
effective
stimulus
response.
addition,
used
hypoxia‐sensitive
connector
via
biological
cleavage
under
appropriate
conditions.
This
resulted
on/off
state
switching
properties
such
pharmacology
fluorescence
activity.
Herein,
advances
design
fabrication
trigger
biomedicine
are
summarized.
Chemical Society Reviews,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
52(9), P. 2992 - 3034
Published: Jan. 1, 2023
The
flourishing
development
of
flexible
healthcare
sensing
systems
is
inseparable
from
the
fundamental
materials
with
application-oriented
mechanical
and
electrical
properties.
Thanks
to
continuous
inspiration
our
Mother
Nature,
hydrogels
originating
natural
biomass
are
attracting
growing
attention
for
their
structural
functional
designs
owing
unique
chemical,
physical
biological
These
highly
efficient
architectural
enable
them
be
most
promising
candidates
electronic
devices.
This
comprehensive
review
focuses
on
recent
advances
in
naturally
sourced
constructing
multi-functional
sensors
applications
thereof.
We
first
briefly
introduce
representative
polymers,
including
polysaccharides,
proteins,
polypeptides,
summarize
physicochemical
design
principles
fabrication
strategies
hydrogel
based
these
polymers
outlined
after
material
properties
required
presented.
then
highlight
various
techniques
devices,
illustrate
examples
wearable
or
implantable
bioelectronics
pressure,
strain,
temperature,
biomarker
field
systems.
Finally,
concluding
remarks
challenges
prospects
hydrogel-based
provided.
hope
that
this
will
provide
valuable
information
next-generation
build
a
bridge
between
as
matter
an
applied
target
accelerate
new
near
future.
Advanced Materials,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
33(29)
Published: June 3, 2021
Abstract
Materials
capable
of
shape‐morphing
and/or
fluorescence
imaging
have
practical
significances
in
the
fields
anti‐counterfeiting,
information
display,
and
protection.
However,
it's
challenging
to
realize
these
functions
hydrogels
due
poor
mechanical
properties
lack
tunable
fluorescence.
A
tough
hydrogel
with
good
shape‐memory
ability
phototunable
is
reported
here,
which
affords
reprogrammable
shape
designing
encoding
for
dual‐encryption.
This
prepared
by
incorporating
donor–acceptor
chromophore
units
into
a
poly(1‐vinylimidazole‐
co
‐methacrylic
acid)
network,
dense
intra‐
interchain
hydrogen
bonds
lead
desirable
features
including
high
stiffness,
toughness,
temperature‐mediated
property.
Additionally,
shows
photomediated
through
unimer‐to‐dimer
transformation
chromophores.
By
combining
photolithography
origami/kirigami
designs,
sheets
encoded
fluorescent
patterns
can
deform
specific
3D
configurations.
The
geometrically
encrypted
architected
readable
only
after
sequential
recovery
UV
light
irradiation.
As
demonstrated
proof‐of‐concept
experiments,
both
pattern
configuration
are
reprogrammable,
facilitating
repeated
protection
display.
design
rewritable
reconfigurable
shapes
should
guide
future
development
smart
materials
improved
security
wider
applications
aqueous
environments.
Aggregate,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
2(2)
Published: Jan. 19, 2021
Abstract
Hydrogels
are
three‐dimensional
(3D)
crosslinked
hydrophilic
polymer
networks
that
have
garnered
tremendous
interests
in
many
fields,
including
water
treatment,
energy
storage,
and
regenerative
medicine.
However,
conventional
synthetic
hydrogels
poor
biocompatibility.
In
this
context,
polysaccharides,
a
class
of
renewable
natural
materials
with
biocompatible
biodegradable
properties,
been
utilized
as
building
blocks
to
yield
polysaccharide‐based
through
physical
and/or
chemical
crosslinking
polysaccharides
via
variety
monomers
or
ions.
These
polysaccharide‐derived
exhibit
peculiar
physicochemical
properties
excellent
mechanical
due
their
unique
structures
abundant
functional
groups.
This
review
focuses
on
recent
advances
synthesis
applications
by
capitalizing
set
(i.e.,
cellulose,
alginate,
chitosan,
cyclodextrins
[CDs]).
First,
we
introduce
the
design
principles
for
crafting
hydrogels.
Second,
interconnected
various
strategies
(e.g.,
crosslinking,
double
networking)
summarized.
particular,
introduction
noncovalent
dynamic
covalent
interactions
imparts
myriad
intriguing
performances
stimuli–response
self‐recovery).
Third,
diverse
self‐healing,
sensory,
supercapacitor,
battery,
drug
delivery,
wound
healing,
tissues
engineering,
bioimaging
fields
discussed.
Finally,
perspectives
promote
future
enable
new
functions
outlined.
Abstract
Due
to
their
similarity
some
bio‐architectures,
for
example,
extracellular
matrix,
hydrogels
are
considered
as
bio‐inspired
networks
with
bio‐mimetic
and
bio‐functional
properties.
With
natural
cytocompatibility
biocompatibility,
nowadays
more
involved
in
various
bio‐applications
including
shape
morphing,
artificial
muscles,
soft
robotics,
regenerative
medicine,
so
on.
As
an
important
subclass,
stimuli‐responsive
have
been
attracting
interest
within
decades.
In
response
single
or
multi‐triggers
biological
microenvironment,
can
undergo
phase
transition,
stiffness
change,
biochemical
properties
activation,
which
make
them
intriguing
biomaterials
broad
applications
sensing,
drug
delivery,
tissue
engineering,
wound
healing.
This
review
presents
typical
synthetic
gelators
comprising
small
molecules
polymers
building
blocks
of
functional
architectures.
The
fabrication
strategies
varied
from
supramolecular
assembly
dynamic
covalent
binding
detailed.
Various
exogenous
endogenous,
physical
chemical,
stimuli
together
mechanism,
design
principle
demonstrated.
Through
recent
examples
different
perspectives,
such
bionic
devices,
dressing,
cargo
carrier,
the
benefits
opportunities
highlighted.
Finally,
current
challenges
future
prospects
view
translation
fundamental
researches
clinical
application
briefly
discussed.