ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
17(2), P. 3608 - 3619
Published: Jan. 2, 2025
Bacterial
biofilms
are
complex
multicellular
communities
that
adhere
firmly
to
solid
surfaces.
They
widely
recognized
as
major
threats
human
health,
contributing
issues
such
persistent
infections
on
medical
implants
and
severe
contamination
in
drinking
water
systems.
As
a
potential
treatment
for
biofilms,
this
work
proposes
two
strategies:
(i)
light-driven
ZnFe2O4
(ZFO)/Pt
microrobots
photodegradation
of
(ii)
magnetically
driven
ZFO
mechanical
removal
from
Magnetically
were
realized
by
synthesizing
microspheres
through
low-cost
large-scale
hydrothermal
synthesis,
followed
calcination
process.
Then,
Pt
layer
was
deposited
the
surface
break
their
symmetry,
resulting
self-propelled
Janus
ZFO/Pt
microrobots.
Light-driven
exhibited
active
locomotion
under
UV
light
irradiation
controllable
motion
terms
"stop
go"
features.
capable
maneuvering
precisely
when
subjected
an
external
rotating
magnetic
field.
These
could
eliminate
Gram-negative
Escherichia
coli
(E.
coli)
photogenerated
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS)-related
antibacterial
properties
combination
with
light-powered
locomotion,
accelerating
mass
transfer
remove
more
effectively
water.
Moreover,
actuation
allowed
physical
disruption
which
represents
reliable
alternative
photocatalysis
strongly
anchored
confined
spaces.
With
versatile
characteristics,
envisioned
highlight
significant
biofilm
high
efficacy
both
open
spaces,
pipelines
industrial
plants.
Fundamental Research,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
1(2), P. 193 - 212
Published: Feb. 21, 2021
The
emergence
of
multi-drug
resistance
makes
bacterial
infection
a
major
threat
to
public
health
and
economy.
formation
biofilms
is
one
the
main
reasons
resistance.
complexity
chemical
composition
physical
structure
elimination
mature
difficult
problem.
highly
antibiotic
resistant
property
urgently
calls
for
potent
antimicrobial
agents
novel
antibiofilm
strategies.
Researchers
have
made
lot
efforts
in
this
field.
Here
we
review
current
strategies
eliminate
progress
related
drug
delivery
nanosystems,
with
aim
inspiring
researchers
design
new
systems.
Chemical Reviews,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
123(7), P. 3944 - 3975
Published: Sept. 15, 2022
Micro-/nanorobots
(MNRs)
can
be
autonomously
propelled
on
demand
in
complex
biological
environments
and
thus
may
bring
revolutionary
changes
to
biomedicines.
Fluorescence
has
been
widely
used
real-time
imaging,
chemo-/biosensing,
photo-(chemo-)
therapy.
The
integration
of
MNRs
with
fluorescence
generates
fluorescent
unique
advantages
optical
trackability,
on-the-fly
environmental
sensitivity,
targeting
chemo-/photon-induced
cytotoxicity.
This
review
provides
an
up-to-date
overview
MNRs.
After
the
highlighted
elucidation
about
various
propulsion
mechanisms
introductory
information
emphasis
materials,
we
systematically
illustrate
design
preparation
strategies
integrate
substances
their
biomedical
applications
imaging-guided
drug
delivery,
intelligent
sensing
In
end,
summarize
main
challenges
provide
outlook
future
directions
work
is
expected
attract
inspire
researchers
from
different
communities
advance
creation
practical
application
a
broad
horizon.
Science Advances,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
9(18)
Published: May 5, 2023
Swimming
microrobots
guided
in
the
circulation
system
offer
considerable
promise
precision
medicine
but
currently
suffer
from
problems
such
as
limited
adhesion
to
blood
vessels,
intensive
flow,
and
immune
clearance-all
reducing
targeted
interaction.
A
swimming
microrobot
design
with
clawed
geometry,
a
red
cell
(RBC)
membrane-camouflaged
surface,
magnetically
actuated
retention
is
discussed,
allowing
better
navigation
inspired
by
tardigrade's
mechanical
claw
engagement,
coupled
an
RBC
membrane
coating,
minimize
flow
impact.
Using
clinical
intravascular
optical
coherence
tomography
vivo,
microrobots'
activity
dynamics
rabbit
jugular
vein
was
monitored,
illustrating
very
effective
magnetic
propulsion,
even
against
of
~2.1
cm/s,
comparable
characteristics.
The
equivalent
friction
coefficient
elevated
~24-fold,
compared
microspheres,
achieving
active
at
3.2
for
>36
hours,
showing
across
biomedical
applications.
ACS Nano,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
16(1), P. 180 - 191
Published: Jan. 11, 2022
As
a
typical,
classical,
but
powerful
biochemical
sensing
technology
in
analytical
chemistry,
enzyme-linked
immunosorbent
assay
(ELISA)
shows
excellence
and
wide
practicability
for
quantifying
analytes
of
ultralow
concentration.
However,
long
incubation
time
burdensome
laborious
multistep
washing
processes
make
it
inefficient
labor-intensive
conventional
ELISA.
Here,
we
propose
rod-like
magnetically
driven
nanorobots
(MNRs)
use
as
maneuverable
immunoassay
probes
that
facilitate
strategy
an
automated
highly
efficient
ELISA
analysis,
termed
enabled
(nR-ELISA).
To
prepare
the
MNRs,
self-assembled
chains
Fe3O4
magnetic
particles
are
chemically
coated
with
thin
layer
rigid
silica
oxide
(SiO2),
onto
which
capture
antibody
(Ab1)
is
grafted
to
further
achieve
(MNR-Ab1s).
We
investigate
fluid
velocity
distribution
around
MNRs
at
microscale
using
numerical
simulation
empirically
identify
mixing
efficiency
actively
rotating
MNRs.
automate
analysis
process,
design
fabricate
by
3-D
printing
detection
unit
consisting
three
function
wells.
The
MNR-Ab1s
can
be
steered
into
different
wells
required
reaction
or
wishing
process.
enhance
binding
efficacy
target
greatly
decrease
time.
integrated
nR-ELISA
system
significantly
reduce
time,
more
importantly
during
process
manpower
input
minimized.
Our
field
generated
Helmholtz
coils
demonstrates
our
approach
scaled
up,
proves
feasibility
current
construct
high
throughput
instrument.
This
work
taking
micro/nanobots
active
automatic
not
only
holds
great
potential
point-of-care
testing
(POCT)
future
also
extends
practical
applications
self-propelled
micro/nanorobots
chemistry.
Biomedical Materials,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
19(3), P. 035004 - 035004
Published: Feb. 16, 2024
The
block
copolymer
micelles
and
natural
biopolymers
were
utilized
to
form
layer-by-layer
(LbL)
films
via
electrostatic
interaction,
which
able
effectively
load
controllably
release
favipiravir,
a
potential
drug
for
the
treatment
of
coronavirus
epidemic.
LbL
demonstrated
reversible
swelling/shrinking
behavior
along
with
manipulation
temperature,
could
also
maintain
integrity
in
structure
morphology.
Due
dehydration
environmentally
responsive
building
blocks,
rate
from
was
decelerated
by
elevating
environmental
temperature
ionic
strength.
In
addition,
pulsed
favipiravir
observed
multilayer
under
trigger
ensured
precise
control
content
therapeutic
reagents
at
desired
time
point.
nanoparticle-based
be
used
on-demand
Nano Letters,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
23(9), P. 3929 - 3938
Published: April 27, 2023
Manufacturing
heteronanostructures
with
specific
physicochemical
characteristics
and
tightly
controllable
designs
is
very
appealing.
Herein,
we
reported
NIR-II
light-driven
dual
plasmonic
(AuNR-SiO2-Cu7S4)
antimicrobial
nanomotors
an
intended
Janus
configuration
through
the
overgrowth
of
copper-rich
Cu7S4
nanocrystals
at
only
one
high-curvature
site
Au
nanorods
(Au
NRs).
These
were
applied
for
photoacoustic
imaging
(PAI)-guided
synergistic
photothermal
photocatalytic
treatment
bacterial
infections.
Both
performance
activity
are
dramatically
improved
owing
to
strong
plasmon
coupling
between
NRs
component
enhanced
energy
transfer.
The
motion
behavior
promotes
transdermal
penetration
enhances
matter–bacteria
interaction.
More
importantly,
directional
navigation
could
be
synchronously
driven
by
light.
marriage
active
antibacterial
resulted
in
expected
good
effects
abscess
infection
mouse
model.
Advanced Materials,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
35(23)
Published: March 30, 2023
Modern
micro/nanorobots
can
perform
multiple
tasks
for
biomedical
and
environmental
applications.
Particularly,
magnetic
microrobots
be
completely
controlled
by
a
rotating
field
their
motion
powered
without
the
use
of
toxic
fuels,
which
makes
them
most
promising
application.
Moreover,
they
are
able
to
form
swarms,
allowing
specific
at
larger
scale
than
single
microrobot.
In
this
work,
developed
composed
halloysite
nanotubes
as
backbone
iron
oxide
(Fe3
O4
)
nanoparticles
material
propulsion
covered
these
with
polyethylenimine
load
ampicillin
prevent
from
disassembling.
These
exhibit
multimodal
robots
well
in
swarms.
addition,
transform
tumbling
spinning
vice-versa,
when
swarm
mode
change
vortex
ribbon
back
again.
Finally,
is
used
penetrate
disrupt
extracellular
matrix
Staphylococcus
aureus
biofilm
colonized
on
titanium
mesh
bone
restoration,
improves
effect
antibiotic's
activity.
Such
removal
medical
implants
could
reduce
implant
rejection
improve
patients'
well-being.
Chemical Society Reviews,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
53(5), P. 2284 - 2299
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
A
biofilm
constitutes
a
bacterial
community
encased
in
sticky
matrix
of
extracellular
polymeric
substances.
These
intricate
microbial
communities
adhere
to
various
host
surfaces
such
as
hard
and
soft
tissues
well
indwelling
medical
devices.
aggregates
form
robust
substances
(EPSs),
leading
the
majority
human
infections.
Such
infections
tend
exhibit
high
resistance
treatment,
often
progressing
into
chronic
states.
The
EPS
protects
bacteria
from
hostile
environment
prevents
penetration
antibacterial
agents.
Modern
robots
at
nano,
micro,
millimeter
scales
are
highly
attractive
candidates
for
biomedical
applications
due
their
diverse
functionalities,
navigating
confined
spaces
targeted
multitasking.
In
this
tutorial
review,
we
describe
key
milestones
strategies
developed
removal
eradication
biofilms
using
different
sizes
shapes.
It
can
be
seen
that
useful
effective
tools
treating
biofilms,
thus
preventing
persistent
infections,
loss
costly
implanted
devices,
additional
costs
associated
with
hospitalization
therapies.
