Recent Progress of Molecular Design in Organic Type I Photosensitizers DOI
Tao Xiong, Yingchao Chen, Mingle Li

et al.

Small, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 26, 2025

Abstract Photodynamic therapy (PDT) represents a high‐efficient and non‐invasive therapeutic modality for current future tumor treatments, drawing extensive attention in the fields of antitumor drug clinical phototherapy. In recent years, photosensitizer (PS) market PDT applications have expanded to address various cancers skin diseases. However, hypoxic environment within tumors poses substantial challenge capability reactive oxygen species‐dependent PDT. Consequently, researches increasingly focus from type II I mechanism, which relies on radical production with less or no dependence. Despite significant progress development PSs, holistic understanding regarding design principles these molecules remains elusive. Specifically, electron transfer‐mediated are extensively studied years but is insufficiently addressed existing reviews. This review systematically summarizes advancements molecular rationales organic categorizing them into three key fundamental strategies: modulating PS charge distribution, singlet forbidden via low triplet excited state, accelerating formation inducing transfer. aims offer valuable insights advancement anti‐hypoxia

Language: Английский

Heterodimeric Photosensitizer as Radical Generators to Promoting Type I Photodynamic Conversion for Hypoxic Tumor Therapy DOI Open Access
Tao Xiong, Yingchao Chen, Qiang Peng

et al.

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 26, 2025

Abstract Photodynamic therapy (PDT) using traditional type II photosensitizers (PSs) has been limited in hypoxic tumors due to excessive oxygen consumption. The conversion from into a less oxygen‐dependent I PDT pathway shown the potential combat tumors. Herein, design of heterodimeric PS, NBSSe , by conjugating widely used PS NBS and NBSe via molecular dimerization, achieving aggregation‐regulated efficient photodynamic for first time is reported. Electrochemistry characterizations theoretical calculations elucidate that tends form S +· /Se −· radical pair intramolecular electron transfer co‐excited * aggregate, realizing 7.25‐fold O 2 generation compared 80% suppression 1 . enhanced enables excellent anti‐hypoxia efficiency inhibition pulmonary metastasis. Additionally, incorporation electron‐rich bovine serum albumin accelerates recycling cationic further boosting photostability generation. resultant BSA@NBSSe nanoparticles demonstrate successful tumor‐targeting capability. This work provides an appealing avenue convert ROS cancer phototherapy hypoxia.

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Zwitterionic Photosensitizer‐Assembled Nanocluster Produces Efficient Photogenerated Radicals via Autoionization for Superior Antibacterial Photodynamic Therapy DOI Open Access

Ping He,

Mingxuan Jia,

Linfang Yang

et al.

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 9, 2025

Abstract Photodynamic therapy (PDT) holds significant promise for antibacterial treatment, with its potential markedly amplified when using Type I photosensitizers (PSs). However, developing PSs remains a challenge due to lack of reliable design strategy. Herein, PS nanocluster is developed via self‐assembly zwitterionic small molecule (C3TH) superior PDT in vivo. Mechanism studies demonstrate that unique cross‐arranged C3TH within not only shortens intermolecular distance but also inhibits electronic‐vibrational coupling, thus facilitating photoinduced electron transfer form radical cation and anion autoionization reaction. Subsequently, these highly oxidizing or reducing radicals engage cascade photoredox generate efficient ·OH O 2 ‾·. As result, nanoclusters achieve 97.6% efficacy against MRSA at an ultralow dose, surpassing the commercial antibiotic Vancomycin by more than 8.8‐fold. These findings deepen understanding PDT, providing novel strategy PSs.

Language: Английский

Citations

3
An Acceptor–Donor–Acceptor Structured Nano‐Aggregate for NIR‐Triggered Interventional Photoimmunotherapy of Cervical Cancer DOI

Gaoli Niu,

Xingqi Bi,

Yong Kang

et al.

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Aug. 3, 2024

Compared with conventional therapies, photoimmunotherapy offers precise targeted cancer treatment minimal damage to healthy tissues and reduced side effects, but its efficacy may be limited by shallow light penetration the potential for tumor resistance. Here, an acceptor-donor-acceptor (A-D-A)-structured nanoaggregate is developed dual phototherapy, including photodynamic therapy (PDT) photothermal (PTT), triggered single near-infrared (NIR) light. Benefiting from strong intramolecular charge transfer (ICT), A-D-A-structured nanoaggregates exhibit broad absorption extending NIR region effectively suppressed fluorescence, which enables deep efficient conversion (η = 67.94%). A suitable HOMO-LUMO distribution facilitates sufficient intersystem crossing (ISC) convert ground-state oxygen (

Language: Английский

Citations

17
Near–Infrared Heptamethine Cyanine Photosensitizers with Efficient Singlet Oxygen Generation for Anticancer Photodynamic Therapy DOI Open Access
Wenkai Liu, Shan He,

Xue Ma

et al.

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 63(47)

Published: July 31, 2024

Abstract Near‐infrared photosensitizers are valuable tools to improve treatment depth in photodynamic therapy (PDT). However, their low singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ) generation ability, indicated by quantum yield, presents a formidable challenge for PDT. To overcome this challenge, the heptamethine cyanine was decorated with biocompatible S Scy7 and Se Secy7 atom. We observe that exhibits redshift main absorption ~840 nm an ultra‐efficient capacity. The emergence of strong intramolecular charge transfer effect between atom polymethine chain considerably narrows energy gap (0.51 eV), heavy strengthens spin–orbit coupling (1.44 cm −1 ), both which greatly improved high triplet state yield (61 %), determines . Therefore, demonstrated excellent capacity, is ~24.5‐fold indocyanine green, ~8.2‐fold IR780, ~1.3‐fold methylene blue under low‐power‐density 850 irradiation (5 mW −2 ). considerable phototoxicity toward cancer cells buried 12 mm tissue. Nanoparticles formed encapsulating within amphiphilic polymers lecithin, promising antitumor anti‐pulmonary metastatic effects, exhibiting remarkable potential advancing PDT deep tissues.

Language: Английский

Citations

15
The Photodynamic Agent Designed by Involvement of Hydrogen Atom Transfer for Enhancing Photodynamic Therapy DOI Open Access
Zhuo Fan, Kun‐Xu Teng, Yuanyuan Xu

et al.

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 64(1)

Published: Oct. 25, 2024

Although Type-I photodynamic therapy has attracted increasingly growing interest due to its reduced dependence on oxygen, the design of effective photosensitizers remains a challenge. In this work, we report strategy for by involvement hydrogen atom transfer (HAT). As proof concept, HAT-involved PS, which simultaneously generates superoxide and carbon-centered radicals under light-irradiation, was synthesized. This photosensitizer is comprised fluorene-substituted BODIPY unit as an electron acceptor covalently linked with triphenylamine moiety donor. Under photo-induced intramolecular occurs generate anion radical cation radical. The former transfers electrons oxygen O

Language: Английский

Citations

11
Photoredox-Mediated Immunotherapy Utilizing Rhenium(I) Photocatalysts with Electron Donor–Acceptor–Donor Configuration DOI
Dan Li, Gehui Wen, Haobing Wang

et al.

Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 24, 2025

The hypoxic environment of solid tumors significantly diminishes the therapeutic efficacy oxygen-dependent photodynamic therapy. Developing efficient photosensitizers that operate via photoredox catalysis presents a promising strategy to overcome this challenge. Herein, we report rational design two rhenium(I) tricarbonyl complexes (Re-TPO and Re-TP) with electron donor–acceptor–donor configuration. Notably, Re-TP exhibits aggregation-induced emission properties enhanced spin–orbit coupling compared Re-TPO, thus exhibiting promoted photosensitizing capability. In addition generating type I II reactive oxygen species, excited facilitates photocatalytic oxidation NADH NAD+ photoreduction pyruvic acid lactic acid. This metabolic intervention triggers PD-L1-linked immune responses disrupts tumor redox balance, leading ferroptosis immunogenic cell death. combined immunotherapy effects suppress both primary distant B16 tumors. investigation provides compelling model for designing metal-based PSs photoredox-mediated photoimmunotherapy against

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Cleavage of Homonuclear Chalcogen‐Chalcogen Bonds in a Hybrid Platform in Response to X‐Ray Radiation Potentiates Tumor Radiochemotherapy DOI Open Access

Yuanyuan You,

Yanzhou Chang,

Shuya Pan

et al.

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 64(1)

Published: Aug. 23, 2024

Chalcogens are used as sensitive redox-responsive reagents in tumor therapy. However, chalcogen bonds triggered by external ionizing radiation, rather than internal environmental stimuli, enable site-directed and real-time drug degradation target lesions. This approach helps to bypass chemoresistance global systemic toxicity, presenting a significant advancement over traditional chemoradiotherapy. In this study, we fabricated hybrid monodisperse organosilica nanoprodrug based on homonuclear single (disulfide (S-S, approximately 240 kJ/mol), diselenium (Se-Se, 172 tellurium (Te-Te, 126 kJ/mol)), including ditelluride-bond-bridged MONs (DTeMSNs), diselenide-bond-bridged (DSeMSNs) disulfide-bond-bridged (DSMSNs). The results demonstrated that differences electronegativities atomic radii influenced their oxidation sensitivities reactivities. Tellurium, with the lowest electronegativity, showed highest sensitivity, followed selenium sulfur. DTeMSNs exhibited highly responsive cleavage upon exposure X-rays, resulting TeO

Language: Английский

Citations

9
Photoinduced Synergism of Ferroptosis/Pyroptosis/Oncosis by an O2-Independent Photocatalyst for Enhanced Tumor Immunotherapy DOI

Shankun Yao,

Fengwu Xu,

Ying Wang

et al.

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 20, 2025

Due to O2 dependence, hypoxia-induced apoptosis resistance, and immunosuppressive microenvironment, the effect of traditional photodynamic therapy toward hypoxic solid tumors is severely limited. Herein, we report an O2-independent photocatalyst (EBSe) for tumor immunotherapy potentiation via synergism near-infrared (NIR) light-induced ferroptosis/pyroptosis/oncosis. Simple Se ethyl modifications on methylene blue (MB) endow EBSe with a remarkable phototoxicity enhancement (>2500 folds) excellent index (PI > 32,000) 4T1 cells under hypoxia. exhibits self-adaptive processes that generate enhanced type I/II ROS normoxia elevate carbon radical production Interestingly, shows much higher cell uptake undergoes photoinduced lysosomal-to-nucleus translocation, which activates ferroptosis, pyroptosis, oncosis. The three nonapoptotic pathways potentiates antitumor immune responses in tumor-bearing mice. This work offers reliable strategy developing powerful PSs overcome resistance microenvironment tumors.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Purine‐Based Ir(III) Photosensitizers for Efficient Treatment of Periodontal Inflammation DOI Open Access

Ruolin Ding,

Xin Liu, Wenjia Zhang

et al.

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 16, 2024

Abstract Photodynamic therapy (PDT) presents a promising approach for combating periodontitis, an infectious disease triggered by bacteria. However, the hypoxic environment within periodontal pockets poses challenges PDT efficacy. In this study, novel purine‐based C^N ligands are utilized to develop Ir(III) complexes with enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation capacity periodontitis treatment. The type I/II performance of is greatly purine ligands, which leads potent bactericidal and biofilm elimination rat model local application these effectively achieves antibacterial anti‐inflammatory effects while promoting tissue repair under clinical luminaire exposure. This strategy utilizing circumvents need antibiotics surgical intervention, emerging as promising, non‐invasive managing periodontitis.

Language: Английский

Citations

6
Donor‐Acceptor Type Supra‐Carbon‐Dots with Long Lifetime Photogenerated Radicals Boosting Tumor Photodynamic Therapy DOI Creative Commons
Xianming Zhang, Lingyun Li, Bingzhe Wang

et al.

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 63(49)

Published: Aug. 22, 2024

Abstract Carbon dots (CDs) have gained significant interest because of their potential in biomedical applications. Nevertheless, developing CDs with efficient photoinduced charge separation for tumor photodynamic therapy (PDT) remains a challenge. This study presents novel class supra‐carbon‐dots (supra‐CDs) developed by fusing red emissive 2,3‐dicyanohydroquinone (DCHQ) via post‐solvothermal treatment. In supra‐CDs, the core, acting as electron donors, is formed assembled substantial sp 2 domains, fused interface originating from DCHQ electron‐withdrawing groups functions acceptor. configuration creates unique donor‐acceptor nanostructure. Upon white light irradiation, excited electrons were transferred to interface, whereas photogenerated holes retained within radicals, leading effective separation. The separated then react oxygen generate superoxide radicals. Simultaneously, undergo oxidation crucial cellular substrates. dual action underscores exceptional cell‐killing efficacy supra‐CDs. Moreover, increased particle sizes (~20 nm) ensure supra‐CDs exhibit notable capacity accumulation improved permeability and retention effect, thereby achieving satisfactory anti‐tumor PDT mouse subcutaneous model.

Language: Английский

Citations

5