Oxford University Press eBooks,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 187 - 204
Published: May 22, 2025
Abstract
The
function
of
sleep
is
an
enduring
question
in
biomedical
sciences.
Many
hypotheses
are
discussed
the
chapters
this
section.
However,
has
become
more
complex
recent
decades
with
expansion
defining
characteristics
beyond
its
electrophysiological
manifestations
mammals
and
birds.
Acceptance
possible
homologies
between
traditionally
defined
behavioral
rest
states
widely
observed
animal
kingdom
led
to
view
that
very
deep
phylogenetic
roots.
That
requires
evolutionary
approach
understand
functions
distinguish
basal
or
primal
derived
functions.
A
could
have
been
simple
rest/activity
phases
response
environmental
geophysical
cycles.
Energetic
consequences
such
cycling
preadaptations
for
maximizing
efficiency
energy
acquisition,
utilization,
conservation
through
processes
became
sleep.
energetic
may
retained
phylogeny
as
selection
added
those
associated
nervous
systems
physiology.
An
unavoidable
conclusion
from
line
thinking
sleep,
broadly
speaking,
serves
many
challenge
discover
diverse
seek
species.
Frontiers in Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
13
Published: June 5, 2019
In
spite
of
the
uniform
appearance
sleep
as
a
behavior,
sleeping
brain
does
not
produce
electrical
activities
in
unison.
Different
types
rhythms
arise
during
and
vary
between
layers,
areas,
or
from
one
functional
system
to
another.
Local
heterogeneity
such
activities,
here
referred
local
sleep,
overturns
fundamental
tenets
globally
regulated
state.
However,
little
is
still
known
about
neuronal
circuits
involved
how
they
can
generate
their
own
specifically-tuned
patterns.
NREM
patterns
emerge
interplay
activity
thalamic
cortical
networks.
Within
this
circuitry,
it
now
turns
out
that
reticular
nucleus
(TRN)
acts
key
player
control.
This
based
on
marked
TRN
terms
its
cellular
synaptic
architecture,
which
leads
regional
diversity
hallmarks,
spindles,
delta
waves
slow
oscillations.
provides
first
evidence
for
subcortical
circuit
determinant
features.
Here,
we
review
novel
insights
supporting
these
elements
come
together
account
sleep.
We
also
discuss
open
questions
arising
studies,
focusing
mechanisms
regulation
role
plasticity
cognitive
functions.
Acta Paediatrica,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
110(1), P. 36 - 44
Published: July 16, 2020
Understanding
the
links
between
sleep
and
brain
development
is
important,
as
rapid
eye
movement
(REM)
non-REM
(NREM)
seem
to
contribute
different
aspects
of
maturation.
If
children
have
problems,
REM
NREM
are
likely
consequences
for
their
developing
brain,
depending
on
age.
We
highlight
important
discoveries
from
human
animal
research
role
plays
in
development.
A
hypothetical
model
presented
explain
dynamic
relationship
with
processes
maturation,
implications
current
neonatal
care
future
research.
Journal of Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
41(15), P. 3418 - 3431
Published: Feb. 23, 2021
It
is
generally
supposed
that
primary
motor
cortex
(M1)
receives
somatosensory
input
predominantly
via
(S1).
However,
a
growing
body
of
evidence
indicates
M1
also
direct
sensory
from
the
thalamus,
independent
S1;
such
particularly
evident
at
early
ages
before
contributes
to
control.
Here,
recording
extracellularly
forelimb
regions
S1
and
in
unanesthetized
rats
postnatal
day
(P)8
P12,
we
compared
responses
self-generated
(i.e.,
reafferent)
movements
during
active
sleep
wake,
other-generated
exafferent)
movements.
At
both
ages,
reafferent
were
processed
parallel
by
M1;
contrast,
exafferent
P8
but
serially,
M1,
P12.
To
further
assess
this
developmental
difference
processing,
proprioceptive
tactile
stimulation.
stimulation
evoked
whereas
serial
Independent
submodality
stimulation,
pairs
S1-M1
units
exhibited
greater
coactivation
than
wake.
These
results
indicate
independently
develop
somatotopy
establishing
interactive
relationship
typifies
their
functionality
adults.
SIGNIFICANCE
STATEMENT
Learning
any
new
task
depends
on
ability
use
information
update
outflow.
Thus,
understand
learning,
must
how
animals
process
input.
Primary
(S1)
are
two
interdependent
structures
throughout
life.
In
adults,
functional
between
well
established;
however,
little
known
about
begin
transmit
or
study,
investigate
development
as
processing
unit.
Our
findings
provide
insights
into
fundamental
principles
connectivity
these
important
sensorimotor
structures.
Progress in Neurobiology,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
209, P. 102208 - 102208
Published: Dec. 16, 2021
Sleep
disorders
have
been
linked
to
alterations
of
gut
microbiota
composition
in
adult
humans
and
animal
models,
but
it
is
unclear
how
this
link
develops.
With
longitudinal
assessments
162
healthy
infants,
we
present
a
so
far
unrecognized
sleep-brain-gut
interrelationship.
First,
report
between
sleep
habits
microbiota:
daytime
associated
with
bacterial
diversity,
nighttime
fragmentation
variability
are
maturity
enterotype.
Second,
demonstrate
link:
diversity
enterotype
neurophysiology.
Third,
show
that
the
relevant
development:
markers
predict
behavioral-developmental
outcomes.
Our
results
dynamic
interplay
sleep,
microbiota,
maturation
brain
behavior
during
infancy,
which
aligns
newly
emerging
concept
axis.
Importantly,
represent
promising
health
targets
since
both
can
be
modified
non-invasively.
As
many
diseases
root
early
childhood,
leveraging
protective
factors
adequate
age-appropriate
infancy
could
constitute
promoting
factor
across
entire
human
lifespan.
