Emotion, motivation, decision-making, the orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and the amygdala

Brain Structure and Function, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 228(5), P. 1201 - 1257

Published: May 13, 2023

The orbitofrontal cortex and amygdala are involved in emotion motivation, but the relationship between these functions performed by brain structures is not clear. To address this, a unified theory of motivation described which motivational states instrumental goal-directed actions to obtain rewards or avoid punishers, emotional that elicited when reward punisher received. This greatly simplifies our understanding for same set genes associated systems can define primary unlearned punishers such as sweet taste pain. Recent evidence on connectivity human indicates value experienced with outputs cortical regions including those language, key region depression changes motivation. has weak effective back humans, implicated brainstem-mediated responses stimuli freezing autonomic activity, rather than declarative emotion. anterior cingulate learning rewards, ventromedial prefrontal providing goals navigation reward-related effects memory consolidation mediated partly via cholinergic system.

Language: Английский

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The hippocampus, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and episodic and semantic memory

Progress in Neurobiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 217, P. 102334 - 102334

Published: July 21, 2022

Language: Английский

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Hippocampal storage and recall of neocortical “What”–“Where” representations

Hippocampus, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 2, 2024

Abstract A key question for understanding the function of hippocampus in memory is how information recalled from to neocortex. This was investigated a neuronal network model hippocampal system which “What” and “Where” firing rate vectors were applied separate neocortical modules, then activated entorhinal cortex dentate gyrus, CA3, CA1, cortex, backprojections showed that whole could be trained recall neocortex as retrieval cue neocortex, principle up towards theoretical capacity determined largely by number synapses onto any one neuron divided sparseness representation. The synaptic weights imported into an integrate‐and‐fire simulation same architecture, time presenting module approximately 100 ms. sufficiently fast backprojection still active neurons during storage episodic memory, this needed operate correctly These simulations also long loop neocortex–hippocampus–neocortex operates continuously may contribute complete neocortex; but positive feedback makes dynamical inherently liable pathological increase activity. Important factors contributed stability included increased inhibition CA3 CA1 keep rates low; temporal adaptation synapses, are proposed make important contribution stabilizing runaway excitation cortical circuits brain.

Language: Английский

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Primacy of vision shapes behavioral strategies and neural substrates of spatial navigation in marmoset hippocampus

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: May 14, 2024

Abstract The role of the hippocampus in spatial navigation has been primarily studied nocturnal mammals, such as rats, that lack many adaptations for daylight vision. Here we demonstrate during 3D navigation, common marmoset, a new world primate adapted to daylight, predominantly uses rapid head-gaze shifts visual exploration while remaining stationary. During active locomotion marmosets stabilize head, contrast rats use low-velocity head movements scan environment they locomote. Pyramidal neurons marmoset CA3/CA1 regions show mixed selectivity view, direction, and place. Exclusive place is scarce. Inhibitory interneurons are selective angular velocity translation speed. Finally, found theta phase resetting local field potential oscillations triggered by shifts. Our findings indicate their ecological niche modifying exploration/navigation strategies corresponding hippocampal specializations.

Language: Английский

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A Theory and Model of Scene Representations With Hippocampal Spatial View Cells

Hippocampus, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 35(3)

Published: April 28, 2025

ABSTRACT A theory and network model are presented of how scene representations built by forming spatial view cells in the ventromedial visual cortical pathway to hippocampus primates including humans. Layer 1, corresponding V1–V4, connects 2 retrosplenial area uses competitive learning form feature combination neurons for part being fixated, a fixation patch. In 3, parahippocampal hippocampus, patches stitched together whole representations. This is performed with continuous attractor made from overlapping Gaussian receptive fields as head rotates scene. addition, gain modulation gaze direction maps correct representation when saccades made. Each neuron 3 thus cell that responds location viewed based on features The novel conceptual advances this shows may be primates, humans, scenes anchor world (to allocentric, world‐based, space); contributes this. offers revolutionary approach understanding navigation episodic memory

Language: Английский

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The human posterior cingulate, retrosplenial, and medial parietal cortex effective connectome, and implications for memory and navigation

Human Brain Mapping, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 44(2), P. 629 - 655

Published: Sept. 30, 2022

The human posterior cingulate, retrosplenial, and medial parietal cortex are involved in memory navigation. functional anatomy underlying these cognitive functions was investigated by measuring the effective connectivity of Posterior Cingulate Division (PCD) regions Human Connectome Project-MMP1 atlas 171 HCP participants, complemented with diffusion tractography. First, postero-ventral parts PCD (31pd, 31pv, 7m, d23ab, v23ab) have temporal pole, inferior visual cortex, superior sulcus implicated auditory semantic processing, reward-related vmPFC pregenual anterior cingulate hippocampal system. This implicates it episodic memory, providing routes for "what," reward schema-related information to access hippocampus. Second, antero-dorsal (especially 31a 23d, PCV, also RSC) early cortical areas including those that represent spatial scenes, "where" component dorsal-transitional-visual (DVT) ProStriate where retrosplenial scene area is located from parahippocampal area, a ventromedial route reach These connectivities provide important reward, scene-related midcingulate provides dorsal supracallosal part premotor regions.

Language: Английский

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Hippocampal spatial view cells for memory and navigation, and their underlying connectivity in humans

Hippocampus, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 33(5), P. 533 - 572

Published: Sept. 7, 2022

Abstract Hippocampal and parahippocampal gyrus spatial view neurons in primates respond to the location being looked at. The representation is allocentric, that responses are locations “out there” world, relatively invariant with respect retinal position, eye head direction, place where individual located. underlying connectivity humans from ventromedial visual cortical regions scene area, leading theory cells formed by combinations of overlapping feature inputs self‐organized based on their closeness space. Thus, although represent “where” for episodic memory navigation, they ventral stream what area. A second driver parietal inputs, which it proposed provide idiothetic update cells, used recall navigation when details obscured. Inferior temporal object “what” orbitofrontal cortex reward connect human hippocampal system, macaques can be associated hippocampus cell representations implement memory. also a basis series viewed landmarks, providing goals then implemented involved visuomotor actions presence foveate vision highly developed lobe processing including key understanding primate hippocampus, roles this system navigation.

Language: Английский

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The human posterior parietal cortex: effective connectome, and its relation to function

Cerebral Cortex, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 33(6), P. 3142 - 3170

Published: July 14, 2022

Abstract The effective connectivity between 21 regions in the human posterior parietal cortex, and 360 cortical was measured 171 Human Connectome Project (HCP) participants using HCP atlas, complemented with functional diffusion tractography. Intraparietal areas LIP, VIP, MIP, AIP have from early visual regions, to visuomotor such as frontal eye fields, consistent functions saccades tracking. Five superior area 7 receive similar intraparietal areas, but also somatosensory inputs connect premotor including 6, performing actions reach for, grasp, manipulate objects. In anterior inferior PFop, PFt, PFcm are mainly somatosensory, PF addition receives visuo-motor object information, is implicated multimodal shape body image representations. PFm PGs combine visuo-motor, object, reward input hippocampal system. PGi provides a route motion-related temporal sulcus involved social interactions. PGp has coordinate transforms may be idiothetic update of scene

Language: Английский

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Multiple cortical visual streams in humans

Cerebral Cortex, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 33(7), P. 3319 - 3349

Published: July 14, 2022

The effective connectivity between 55 visual cortical regions and 360 was measured in 171 HCP participants using the HCP-MMP atlas, complemented with functional diffusion tractography. A Ventrolateral Visual "What" Stream for object face recognition projects hierarchically to inferior temporal cortex, which orbitofrontal cortex reward value emotion, hippocampal memory system. Ventromedial "Where" scene representations connects parahippocampal gyrus hippocampus. An Inferior STS (superior sulcus) Semantic receives from Stream, parietal PGi, ventromedial-prefrontal system language systems. Dorsal via V2 V3A MT+ Complex (including MT MST), connect intraparietal LIP, VIP MIP) involved motion actions space. It performs coordinate transforms idiothetic update of representations. Superior inputs STV, auditory A5, is activated by expression, vocalization, important social behaviour,

Language: Английский

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Prefrontal and somatosensory-motor cortex effective connectivity in humans

Cerebral Cortex, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 33(8), P. 4939 - 4963

Published: Oct. 13, 2022

Abstract Effective connectivity, functional and tractography were measured between 57 cortical frontal somatosensory regions the 360 in Human Connectome Project (HCP) multimodal parcellation atlas for 171 HCP participants. A ventral stream connects from 3b 3a via 1 2 then opercular to insula, which inferior parietal PF regions. This is implicated “what”-related processing of objects body combining with visual inputs PF. dorsal “action” area 5 7. Inferior prefrontal have connectivity temporal cortex orbitofrontal cortex, are working memory “what” streams, provide language systems, including 44, 45, 47l, TPOJ1, superior area. The dorsolateral that include 46 7 actions planning. regions, 8Ad 8Av, PGs PGi, auditory top-down attention.

Language: Английский

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