Small extracellular vesicles: crucial mediators for prostate cancer DOI Creative Commons
Sijie Tang,

Huiying Cheng,

Xueyan Zang

et al.

Journal of Nanobiotechnology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: March 21, 2025

Abstract Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) play a critical role in the progression, diagnosis, and treatment of prostate cancer (PCa), particularly within tumor microenvironment (TME). Acting as novel biomarkers agents for targeted biological therapy, sEVs contribute significantly to improving patient survival. These transport variety biomolecules, including proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, which are instrumental remodeling TME, facilitating intercellular communication, influencing key processes such growth, metastasis, therapy resistance. A thorough understanding sEV heterogeneity, their biogenesis, characteristics, potential applications, is essential. Recent advances have illuminated origins, formation processes, molecular cargo PCa-derived (PCa-sEVs), enhancing our disease progression. Furthermore, show promise diagnostic markers, with applications early detection prognostic assessment PCa. Therapeutically, natural engineered offer versatile drug delivery, gene immunomodulation, underscoring PCa management. This review delves into substantial clinical practices Graphical

Language: Английский

A comprehensive review on the composition, biogenesis, purification, and multifunctional role of exosome as delivery vehicles for cancer therapy DOI Open Access
Jian Li, Ye Zhang,

Pei-Yu Dong

et al.

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 165, P. 115087 - 115087

Published: June 29, 2023

All forms of life produce nanosized extracellular vesicles called exosomes, which are enclosed in lipid bilayer membranes. Exosomes engage cell-to-cell communication and participate a variety physiological pathological processes. function via their bioactive components, delivered to target cells the form proteins, nucleic acids, lipids. as drug delivery vehicles due unique properties innate stability, low immunogenicity, biocompatibility, biodistribution, accumulation desired tissues, toxicity normal stimulation anti-cancer immune responses, penetration capacity into distance organs. mediate cellular communications by delivering various molecules including oncogenes, oncomiRs, specific DNA, messenger RNA (mRNA), microRNA (miRNA), small interfering (siRNA), circular (circRNA). These substances can be transferred change transcriptome influence tumor-related signaling pathways. After considering all available literature, this review we discuss biogenesis, composition, production, purification exosomes. We briefly exosome isolation techniques. explore great-length exosomes mechanism for substances, chemicals, chemotherapeutic drugs. also talk about benefits drawbacks This concludes with discussion future perspective challenges. hope that will provide us better understanding current state nanomedicine applications biomedicine.

Language: Английский

Citations

62
Modification of immune cell-derived exosomes for enhanced cancer immunotherapy: current advances and therapeutic applications DOI Creative Commons
Inseong Jung, Sanghee Shin, Moon‐Chang Baek

et al.

Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 56(1), P. 19 - 31

Published: Jan. 4, 2024

Abstract Cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized the approach to cancer treatment of malignant tumors by harnessing body’s immune system selectively target cells. Despite remarkable advances, there are still challenges in achieving successful clinical responses. Recent evidence suggests that cell-derived exosomes modulate generate effective antitumor responses, making them a cutting-edge therapeutic strategy. However, natural limited application due their low drug delivery efficiency and insufficient capacity. Technological advancements have allowed exosome modifications magnify intrinsic functions, load different cargoes, preferentially tumor sites. These engineered exert potent effects great potential for immunotherapy. In this review, we describe ingenious modification strategies attain desired performance. Moreover, systematically summarize tumor-controlling properties innate adaptive immunity. Collectively, review provides comprehensive intuitive guide modified exosome-based approaches, offering valuable enhance optimize

Language: Английский

Citations

47
Roles of exosomes in immunotherapy for solid cancers DOI Creative Commons
C. Lyu, Haifeng Sun, Zhenqiang Sun

et al.

Cell Death and Disease, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

Abstract Although immunotherapy has made breakthrough progress, its efficacy in solid tumours remains unsatisfactory. Exosomes are the main type of extracellular vesicles that can deliver various intracellular molecules to adjacent or distant cells and organs, mediating biological functions. Studies have found exosomes both activate immune system inhibit system. The antigen major histocompatibility complex (MHC) carried make it possible develop them as anticancer vaccines. derived from blood, urine, saliva cerebrospinal fluid be used ideal biomarkers cancer diagnosis prognosis. In recent years, exosome-based therapy great progress fields drug transportation immunotherapy. Here, we review composition sources microenvironment further elaborate on potential mechanisms pathways by which influence for cancers. Moreover, summarize clinical application prospects engineered exosome vaccines Eventually, these findings may open up avenues determining diagnosis, treatment, prognosis

Language: Английский

Citations

45
Reigniting hope in cancer treatment: the promise and pitfalls of IL-2 and IL-2R targeting strategies DOI Creative Commons
Shan Muhammad, Tao Fan,

Yang Hai

et al.

Molecular Cancer, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: July 29, 2023

Abstract Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and its receptor (IL-2R) are essential in orchestrating immune responses. Their function expression the tumor microenvironment make them attractive targets for immunotherapy, leading to development of IL-2/IL-2R-targeted therapeutic strategies. However, dynamic interplay between IL-2/IL-2R various cells their dual roles promoting activation tolerance presents a complex landscape clinical exploitation. This review discusses pivotal IL-2 IL-2R tumorigenesis, shedding light on potential as diagnostic prognostic markers manipulation cancer. It underlines necessity balance anti-tumor activity with regulatory T-cell expansion evaluates strategies such dose optimization selective targeting enhanced effectiveness. The article explores recent advancements field, including developing genetically engineered variants, combining therapies other cancer treatments, benefits multidimensional approach integrating molecular profiling, immunological analyses, data. concludes that deeper understanding interactions within is crucial realizing full IL-2-based therapies, heralding promise improved outcomes patients.

Language: Английский

Citations

44
Colonic delivery and controlled release of curcumin encapsulated within plant-based extracellular vesicles loaded into hydrogel beads DOI
Huan Liu, Yikun Liu, Shengfeng Peng

et al.

Food Research International, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 202, P. 115540 - 115540

Published: Jan. 2, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

5
Reprogramming of T cell‐derived small extracellular vesicles using IL2 surface engineering induces potent anti‐cancer effects through miRNA delivery DOI
Dokyung Jung, Sanghee Shin, Sung‐Min Kang

et al.

Journal of Extracellular Vesicles, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(12)

Published: Nov. 29, 2022

T cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) exhibit anti-cancer effects. However, their potential should be reinforced to enhance clinical applicability. Herein, we generated interleukin-2-tethered sEVs (IL2-sEVs) from engineered Jurkat cells expressing IL2 at the plasma membrane via a flexible linker induce an autocrine effect. IL2-sEVs increased ability of CD8+ without affecting regulatory (Treg ) and down-regulated cellular exosomal PD-L1 expression in melanoma cells, causing sensitivity cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Its effect on was mediated by several IL2-sEV-resident microRNAs (miRNAs), whose expressions were upregulated effects IL2. Among miRNAs, miR-181a-3p miR-223-3p notably reduced protein levels cells. Interestingly, activity while suppressing Treg cell activity. inhibited tumour progression melanoma-bearing immunocompetent mice, but not immunodeficient mice. The combination existing drugs significantly improved efficacy decreasing vivo. Thus, are cancer immunotherapeutic agents that regulate both immune reprogramming miRNA levels.

Language: Английский

Citations

59
T cell-derived exosomes in tumor immune modulation and immunotherapy DOI Creative Commons
Qiujun Zhou,

Shenyu Wei,

Hui Wang

et al.

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: April 20, 2023

Exosomes are nanoscale vesicles secreted by most cells and have a phospholipid bilayer structure. contain DNA, small RNA, proteins, other substances that can carry proteins nucleic acids participate in communication between cells. T an indispensable part of adaptive immunity, the functions cell-derived exosomes been widely studied. In more than three decades since discovery exosomes, several studies revealed play novel role cell-to-cell signaling, especially tumor immune response. this review, we discuss function derived from different cell subsets, explore applications immunotherapy, consider associated challenges.

Language: Английский

Citations

25
Exosome-based immunotherapy as an innovative therapeutic approach in melanoma DOI Creative Commons

Shabnam Babaei,

Manouchehr Fadaee, Hajar Abbasi‐Kenarsari

et al.

Cell Communication and Signaling, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: Oct. 31, 2024

The malignant form of melanoma is one the deadliest human cancers that accounts for almost all skin tumor-related fatalities in its later stages. Achieving an exhaustive understanding reliable cancer-specific markers and molecular pathways can provide numerous practical techniques direct way toward development rational curative medicines to increase lifespan patients. Immunotherapy has significantly enhanced treatment metastatic late-stage melanoma, resulting incredible positive responses therapy. Despite increasing occurrence median survival rate patients with advanced, inoperable terminal disease increased from around six months years. current knowledge tumor microenvironment (TME) interaction immune system resulted swift growth innovative immunotherapy treatments. Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles (EVs), ranging 30 150 nm size, majority cells released them. possess natural advantages such as high compatibility living organisms low potential causing reactions, making them delivering therapeutic agents like chemotherapy drugs, nucleic acids, proteins. This review highlights recent advancements using exosomes approach providing medications melanoma.

Language: Английский

Citations

11
Defining tropism and activity of natural and engineered extracellular vesicles DOI Creative Commons
Wooil Choi,

Dong Jun Park,

Brian P. Eliceiri

et al.

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: April 10, 2024

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have important roles as mediators of cell-to-cell communication, with physiological functions demonstrated in various

Language: Английский

Citations

9
Exosomes: Key Messengers Mediating the Interaction Between Tumor Cells and CD8+ T Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment DOI Creative Commons
Yilin Li, Qiwei Yang, Danni Li

et al.

International Journal of Nanomedicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: Volume 20, P. 653 - 667

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

In recent years, with an increasingly profound comprehension of the tumor microenvironment, it has been discovered that constituent cells within immune such as macrophages, CD4+T cells, and CD8+T interact in manners conducive to tumorigenesis progression. Exosomes play a pivotal role essential mediators for intercellular material exchange signal transmission this context. Tumor cell-derived exosomes carrying cargo PD-L1 ncRNAs engage induce cytotoxic responses facilitate evasion, thereby promoting advancement. When combined current checkpoint inhibitors like anti-PD-L1/PD-1 therapy, enhancing cell function through exosomal pathways while monitoring augmenting therapeutic effects can significantly improve efficacy. This review delineates crucial derived from both microenvironment along their impact mechanisms on cells. Furthermore, summarizes potential clinical treatment realm when integrated existing immunotherapy methods-particularly exploring feasibility translation alongside engineering materials science techniques.

Language: Английский

Citations

1