Evolution of the SARS‐CoV‐2 omicron variants BA.1 to BA.5: Implications for immune escape and transmission

Reviews in Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 32(5)

Published: July 20, 2022

Abstract The first dominant SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron variant BA.1 harbours 35 mutations in its Spike protein from the original that emerged late 2019. Soon after discovery, rapidly to become worldwide and has since evolved into several variants. is of major public health concern owing high infectivity antibody evasion. This review article examines theories have been proposed on evolution including zoonotic spillage, infection immunocompromised individuals cryptic spread community without being diagnosed. Added complexity Omicron's are multiple reports recombination events occurring between co‐circulating variants with Delta other such as XE. Current literature suggests combination novel resulted having higher than Wuhan‐Hu‐1 variant. However, severity believed be less reduced syncytia formation lower multiplication human lung tissue. Perhaps most challenging studies indicate efficacy available vaccines against (8–127 times reduction) compared administration booster vaccine, however, compensates reduction improves by 12–35 fold. Concerningly though, broadly neutralising monoclonal antibodies, those approved FDA for therapeutic use previous variants, mostly ineffective exception Sotrovimab recent suggest BA.2 also resistant Sotrovimab. Currently two new BA.4 BA.5 emerging reported more transmissible immunity generated antibodies. As will likely continue emerge it important evolution, biological consequences mutations, existing well understood.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 vaccine development: milestones, lessons and prospects

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: May 3, 2022

Abstract With the constantly mutating of SARS-CoV-2 and emergence Variants Concern (VOC), implementation vaccination is critically important. Existing vaccines mainly include inactivated, live attenuated, viral vector, protein subunit, RNA, DNA, virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines. Viral vector vaccines, subunit mRNA may induce additional cellular or humoral immune regulations, including Th cell responses germinal center responses, form relevant memory cells, greatly improving their efficiency. However, some be associated with complications like thrombocytopenia myocarditis, raising concerns about safety these COVID-19 Here, we systemically assess efficacy possible different effects on pregnant women, elderly, people diseases acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), transplant recipients, cancer patients. Based current analysis, governments agencies are recommended to continue advance vaccine immunization process. Simultaneously, special attention should paid health status timely treatment complications, development, ensuring lives In addition, available measures such as mix-and-match vaccination, developing new nanoparticle optimizing adjuvant improve could considered.

Language: Английский

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Virological characteristics of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2 spike

Cell, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 185(12), P. 2103 - 2115.e19

Published: May 2, 2022

Soon after the emergence and global spread of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron lineage BA.1, another lineage, BA.2, began outcompeting BA.1. The results statistical analysis showed that effective reproduction number BA.2 is 1.4-fold higher than Neutralization experiments revealed immunity induced by COVID vaccines widely administered to human populations not against similar antigenicity notably different from Cell culture spike confers replication efficacy in nasal epithelial cells more efficient mediating syncytia formation BA.1 spike. Furthermore, infection using hamsters indicated spike-bearing virus pathogenic virus. Altogether, our multiscale investigations suggest risk health potentially

Language: Английский

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Recombination in Coronaviruses, with a Focus on SARS-CoV-2

Viruses, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(6), P. 1239 - 1239

Published: June 7, 2022

Recombination is a common evolutionary tool for RNA viruses, and coronaviruses are no exception. We review here the evidence recombination in SARS-CoV-2 reconcile nomenclature recombinants, discuss their origin fitness, speculate how recombinants could make difference future of COVID-19 pandemics.

Language: Английский

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Role of COVID-19 Vaccines in SARS-CoV-2 Variants

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: May 20, 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a threat to the health of global population. As result effort in determination origin, structure, and pathogenesis SARS-CoV-2 its variants, particularly such variant concern as Delta Variant Omicron Variant, understanding are deepening development vaccines against ongoing. Currently, AstraZeneca-Vaxzevria/SII-Covishield vaccine, Janssen-Ad26.COV2.S Moderna-mRNA-1273 Pfizer BioNTech-Comirnaty vaccine Sinovac-CoronaVac have been listed WHO Emergency Use Listing (EUL) Qualified Vaccines WHO. Because antigen escape mutation effectiveness vaccines, which currently main means prevention treatment, has affected varying degrees. Herein, we review current status mutations different approaches used COVID-19 variants.

Language: Английский

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Rapid assembly of SARS-CoV-2 genomes reveals attenuation of the Omicron BA.1 variant through NSP6

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: April 21, 2023

Although the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant (BA.1) spread rapidly across world and effectively evaded immune responses, its viral fitness in cell animal models was reduced. The precise nature of this attenuation remains unknown as generating replication-competent genomes is challenging because length genome (~30 kb). Here, we present a plasmid-based assembly rescue strategy (pGLUE) that constructs complete infectious viruses or noninfectious subgenomic replicons single ligation reaction with >80% efficiency. Fully sequenced stocks can be generated 1 3 weeks, respectively. By testing series naturally occurring well Delta-Omicron chimeric replicons, show nonstructural protein 6 harbors critical attenuating mutations, which dampen RNA replication reduce lipid droplet consumption. Thus, pGLUE overcomes remaining barriers to broadly study reveals deficits function underlying attenuation.

Language: Английский

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Culture and identification of a “Deltamicron” SARS‐CoV‐2 in a three cases cluster in southern France

Journal of Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 94(8), P. 3739 - 3749

Published: April 25, 2022

Multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants have successively, or concomitantly spread worldwide since the summer of 2020. A few co-infections with different were reported and genetic recombinations, common among coronaviruses, suspected based on co-detection signature mutations in a given genome. Here we report three infections southern France Delta 21J_AY.4-Omicron 21K/BA.1 "Deltamicron" recombinant. The hybrid genome harbors two lineages, supported by mean sequencing depth 1163-1421 reads nucleotide diversity 0.1%-0.6%. It is composed near full-length spike gene (from codons 156-179) an Omicron variant 21J/AY.4 lineage backbone. Importantly, cultured isolate this recombinant sequenced its was observed scanning electron microscopy. As it misidentified current screening quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), designed implemented for routine diagnosis specific duplex qPCR. Finally, structural analysis suggested content could optimize viral binding to host cell membrane. These findings prompt further studies virological, epidemiological, clinical features

Language: Английский

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Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants: Why, how, and what's next?

Cell Insight, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 1(3), P. 100029 - 100029

Published: May 2, 2022

The emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant poses a striking threat to human society. More than 30 mutations in Spike protein severely compromised protective immunity elicited by either vaccination or prior infection. persistent viral evolutionary trajectory generates Omicron-associated lineages, such as BA.1 and BA.2. Moreover, virus recombination upon Delta co-infections has been reported lately, although impact remains be assessed. This minireview summarizes characteristics, evolution mutation control, immune evasion mechanisms variants, which will helpful for in-depth understanding variants policy-making related COVID-19 pandemic control.

Language: Английский

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Is Omicron the end of pandemic or start of a new innings?

Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 48, P. 102332 - 102332

Published: April 23, 2022

Language: Английский

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Neutralization of Omicron sublineages and Deltacron SARS-CoV-2 by three doses of BNT162b2 vaccine or BA.1 infection

Emerging Microbes & Infections, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(1), P. 1828 - 1832

Published: July 6, 2022

Distinct SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sublineages have evolved showing increased fitness and immune evasion than the original variant BA.1. Here, we report neutralization activity of sera from BNT162b2 vaccinated individuals or unimmunized BA.1-infected against "Deltacron" (XD). post-dose 3 neutralized USA-WA1/2020, BA.1-, BA.2-, BA.2.12.1-, BA.3-, BA.4/5-, XD-spike SARS-CoV-2s with geometric mean titres (GMTs) 1335, 393, 298, 315, 216, 103, 301, respectively; thus, BA.4/5 spike showed highest propensity to evade vaccine compared variants BA.1-convalescent Deltacron-spike GMTs 15, 430, 110, 109, 102, 25, 284, respectively. The unique mutation F486V in contributes antibody by sublineage BA.4/5. low convalescent BA.1 infected emerging rapidly spreading provide important results for consideration selection an updated current wave.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov; identifier: NCT04368728.

Language: Английский

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