Vagus Nerve as Modulator of the Brain–Gut Axis in Psychiatric and Inflammatory Disorders

Frontiers in Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: March 13, 2018

The vagus nerve represents the main component of parasympathetic nervous system, which oversees a vast array crucial bodily functions, including control mood, immune response, digestion, and heart rate. It establishes one connections between brain gastrointestinal tract sends information about state inner organs to via afferent fibers. In this review article, we discuss various functions make it an attractive target in treating psychiatric disorders. There is preliminary evidence that stimulation promising add-on treatment for treatment-refractory depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, inflammatory bowel disease. Treatments increase vagal tone inhibit cytokine production. Both are important mechanism resiliency. fibers gut influences monoaminergic systems stem play roles major conditions, such as mood anxiety line, there bacteria have beneficial effect on anxiety, partly by affecting activity nerve. Since, correlated with capacity regulate responses can be influenced breathing, its through meditation yoga likely contribute resilience mitigation symptoms.

Language: Английский

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Gut Microbiome: Profound Implications for Diet and Disease

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 11(7), P. 1613 - 1613

Published: July 16, 2019

The gut microbiome plays an important role in human health and influences the development of chronic diseases ranging from metabolic disease to gastrointestinal disorders colorectal cancer. Of increasing prevalence Western societies, these conditions carry a high burden care. Dietary patterns environmental factors have profound effect on shaping microbiota real time. Diverse populations intestinal bacteria mediate their beneficial effects through fermentation dietary fiber produce short-chain fatty acids, endogenous signals with roles lipid homeostasis reducing inflammation. Recent progress shows that individual's starting microbial profile is key determinant predicting response intervention live probiotics. complex challenging characterize. Enterotypes been proposed using metrics such as alpha species diversity, ratio Firmicutes Bacteroidetes phyla, relative abundance genera (e.g., Bifidobacterium, Akkermansia) versus facultative anaerobes (E. coli), pro-inflammatory Ruminococcus, or nonbacterial microbes. Microbiota composition bacterial are linked physiologic along different axes. We review diet quality, carbohydrate intake, fermentable FODMAPs, prebiotic maintaining healthy flora. implications discussed for various including obesity, diabetes, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory disease, depression, cardiovascular disease.

Language: Английский

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The Gut Microbiome as a Major Regulator of the Gut-Skin Axis

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: July 10, 2018

The adult intestine hosts a myriad of diverse bacterial species that reside mostly in the lower gut maintaining symbiosis with human habitat. In current review, we describe neoteric advancement our comprehension how microbiota communicates skin as one main regulators gut-skin axis. We attempted to explore this potential link affects differentiation and keratinization, its influence on modulating cutaneous immune response various diseases, finally take advantage communication control different conditions.

Language: Английский

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Postbiotics-parabiotics: the new horizons in microbial biotherapy and functional foods

Microbial Cell Factories, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 19(1)

Published: Aug. 20, 2020

Abstract Probiotics have several health benefits by modulating gut microbiome; however, techno-functional limitations such as viability controls hampered their full potential applications in the food and pharmaceutical sectors. Therefore, focus is gradually shifting from viable probiotic bacteria towards non-viable paraprobiotics and/or probiotics derived biomolecules, so-called postbiotics. Paraprobiotics postbiotics are emerging concepts functional foods field because they impart an array of health-promoting properties. Although, these terms not well defined, for time being been defined here. The complex mixture metabolic products secreted cell-free supernatants enzymes, proteins, short chain fatty acids, vitamins, biosurfactants, amino peptides, organic etc. While, inactivated microbial cells (intact or ruptured containing cell components peptidoglycans, teichoic surface etc.) crude extracts (i.e. with chemical composition)”. However, many instances used whole category parabiotics. These elicit advantages over like; (i) availability pure form, (ii) ease production storage, (iii) process industrial-scale-up, (iv) specific mechanism action, (v) better accessibility Microbes Associated Molecular Pattern (MAMP) during recognition interaction Recognition Receptors (PRR) (vi) more likely to trigger only targeted responses ligand-receptor interactions. current review comprehensively summarizes discussed various methodologies implied extract, purify, identification paraprobiotic postbiotic compounds benefits.

Language: Английский

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Anxiety, Depression, and the Microbiome: A Role for Gut Peptides

Neurotherapeutics, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 36 - 59

Published: Nov. 13, 2017

Language: Английский

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Postbiotics and Their Potential Applications in Early Life Nutrition and Beyond

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 20(19), P. 4673 - 4673

Published: Sept. 20, 2019

Postbiotics are functional bioactive compounds, generated in a matrix during fermentation, which may be used to promote health. The term postbiotics can regarded as an umbrella for all synonyms and related terms of these microbial fermentation components. Therefore, include many different constituents including metabolites, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), cell fractions, proteins, extracellular polysaccharides (EPS), lysates, teichoic acid, peptidoglycan-derived muropeptides pili-type structures. is also rather new the ‘-biotics’ field. Where consensus exists definitions pre- probiotics, this not yet case postbiotics. Here we propose working definition review currently known postbiotic their proposed mechanisms, clinical evidence potential applications. Research date indicates that have direct immunomodulatory clinically relevant effects found use healthy individuals improve overall health relief symptoms range diseases such infant colic adults atopic dermatitis causes diarrhea.

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiota: A player in aging and a target for anti-aging intervention

Ageing Research Reviews, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 35, P. 36 - 45

Published: Jan. 18, 2017

Language: Английский

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Gut–Skin Axis: Current Knowledge of the Interrelationship between Microbial Dysbiosis and Skin Conditions

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9(2), P. 353 - 353

Published: Feb. 11, 2021

The microbiome plays an important role in a wide variety of skin disorders. Not only is the altered, but also surprisingly many diseases are accompanied by altered gut microbiome. key regulator for immune system, as it aims to maintain homeostasis communicating with tissues and organs bidirectional manner. Hence, dysbiosis and/or associated response, promoting development diseases, such atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, acne vulgaris, dandruff, even cancer. Here, we focus on associations between microbiome, diet, metabolites, responses pathologies. This review describes exhaustive list common conditions well current body evidence dysbiosis, dietary links, their interplay conditions. An enhanced understanding local including underlying mechanisms necessary shed light microbial involvement human develop new therapeutic approaches.

Language: Английский

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Probiotics Mechanism of Action on Immune Cells and Beneficial Effects on Human Health

Cells, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(1), P. 184 - 184

Published: Jan. 2, 2023

Immune cells and commensal microbes in the human intestine constantly communicate with react to each other a stable environment order maintain healthy immune activities. system-microbiota cross-talk relies on complex network of pathways that sustain balance between tolerance immunogenicity. Probiotic bacteria can interact stimulate intestinal microflora modulate specific functions homeostasis. Growing evidence shows probiotic present important health-promoting immunomodulatory properties. Thus, use probiotics might represent promising approach for improving system So far, few studies have been reported beneficial modulatory effect probiotics. However, many others, which are mainly focused their metabolic/nutritional properties, published. Therefore, mechanisms behind interaction host only partially described. The review aims collect summarize most recent scientific results resulting implications how improve functions. Hence, description currently known is provided.

Language: Английский

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Dysbiosis of gut microbiota and microbial metabolites in Parkinson’s Disease

Ageing Research Reviews, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 45, P. 53 - 61

Published: April 26, 2018

Language: Английский

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