Evaluation of Side Effects Associated with COVID-19 Vaccines in Saudi Arabia

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9(6), P. 674 - 674

Published: June 18, 2021

Background: Pfizer-BioNTech and Oxford-AstraZeneca are recently introduced vaccines to combat COVID-19 pandemic. During clinical trials, mild moderate side effects have been associated with these vaccines. Thus, we aimed evaluate short-term post-vaccination effects. Methods: Cross-sectional, retrospective study using an online questionnaire was conducted among recipients in Saudi Arabia. General demographic data were collected, vaccine-associated after receiving at least one dose of each vaccine evaluated. Results: Our final sample consisted 515 participants a median age 26 years. Most the female (57%). Nearly 13% subjects reported previous infections SARS-CoV-2. received by 75% 25% participants, respectively. Side 60% subjects, most them fatigue (90%), pain site injections (85%). Conclusion: that post our not different from those indicating safe profiles for both Further studies needed effectiveness current protection against SARS-CoV-2 reinfections.

Language: Английский

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A Comprehensive Review of the Protein Subunit Vaccines Against COVID-19

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: July 14, 2022

Two years after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), in December 2019, the first infections were identified Wuhan city of China. SARS-CoV-2 infection caused a global pandemic and accordingly, 5.41 million deaths worldwide. Hence, developing safe efficient vaccine for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) seems to be an urgent need. Attempts produce vaccines inexhaustibly are ongoing. At present time, according COVID-19 tracker landscape provided by World Health Organization (WHO), there 161 candidates different clinical phases all over world. In between, protein subunit types that contain viral like spike or its segment as antigen assumed elicit humoral cellular immunity good protective effects. Previously, this technology manufacturing was used recombinant influenza (RIV4). work, we review passing their phase 3 4 trials, population participated these manufactures, efficiency side effects, other features vaccines.

Language: Английский

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Gold-Nanostar-Chitosan-Mediated Delivery of SARS-CoV-2 DNA Vaccine for Respiratory Mucosal Immunization: Development and Proof-of-Principle

ACS Nano, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 15(11), P. 17582 - 17601

Published: Oct. 27, 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic is caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (SC2). A variety of anti-SC2 vaccines have been approved for human applications, including those using messenger RNA (mRNA), adenoviruses expressing SC2 spike (S) protein, and inactivated virus. protective periods immunization afforded these intramuscularly administered are currently unknown. An alternative self-administrable vaccine capable mounting long-lasting immunity via sterilizing neutralizing antibodies would be hugely advantageous in tackling emerging mutant variants. This could also diminish possibility vaccinated individuals acting as passive carriers COVID-19. Here, we investigate potential an intranasal (IN)-delivered DNA encoding S protein BALB/c C57BL/6J immunocompetent mouse models. immune response to IN delivery this SC2-spike transported on a modified gold-chitosan nanocarrier shows strong consistent surge (IgG, IgA, IgM) effective neutralization pseudoviruses proteins different variants (Wuhan, beta, D614G). Immunophenotyping histological analyses reveal chronological events involved recognition antigen resident dendritic cells alveolar macrophages, which prime draining lymph nodes spleen peak SC2-specific cellular humoral responses. attainable high levels IgA lung mucosa tissue-resident memory T can efficiently inhibit its at site entry provide immunity.

Language: Английский

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Fast-track development of vaccines for SARS-CoV-2: The shots that saved the world

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Oct. 3, 2022

In December 2019, an outbreak emerged of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which leads to disease 2019 (COVID-19). The World Health Organisation announced the a global health emergency on 30 January 2020 and by 11 March it was declared pandemic. spread severity took heavy toll overburdening system, particularly since there were no available drugs against SARS-CoV-2. With immediate worldwide effort, communication, sharing data, large amounts funding, researchers pharmaceutical companies immediately fast-tracked vaccine development in order prevent disease, hospitalizations death. A number vaccines quickly approved for use, vaccination rollouts put place. However, due several individuals being hesitant vaccinations many poorer countries not having access vaccines, multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants that distinct from original variant. Uncertainties related effectiveness various new as well specific-side effects have remained concern. Despite these uncertainties, fast-track approval, manufacturing at scale, effective distribution COVID-19 remain topmost priorities around world. Unprecedented efforts made developers/researchers healthcare staff, played major role distributing shots provided protection and/or reduced severity, deaths, even with delta omicron variants. Fortunately, those who become infected, appears protect hospitalisation, fatality COVID-19. Herein, we analyse ongoing studies platforms saved deaths

Language: Английский

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mRNA-Based Vaccine for COVID-19: They Are New but Not Unknown!

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(3), P. 507 - 507

Published: Feb. 22, 2023

mRNA vaccines take advantage of the mechanism that our cells use to produce proteins. Our proteins based on knowledge contained in DNA; each gene encodes a unique protein. The genetic information is essential, but cannot it until molecules convert into instructions for producing specific vaccinations provide ready-to-use constructing BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) and mRNA-1273 (Moderna) both are newly approved mRNA-based COVID-19 have shown excellent protection efficacy. In total, there five more vaccine candidates under different phases clinical development. This review specifically focused covering its development, mechanism, aspects.

Language: Английский

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Ocular Manifestations after Receiving COVID-19 Vaccine: A Systematic Review

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9(12), P. 1404 - 1404

Published: Nov. 27, 2021

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had profound and lasting consequences since 2019. Although vaccines against COVID-19 have been developed approved under emergency use authorization, various adverse events also reported after vaccination. This review was undertaken to help clinicians recognize the possible manifestations systemic pathogenesis, especially those related eye, receiving A search performed on 22 August 2021 through Embase, Medline, Cochrane Library for publications ocular Two case-control studies/retrospective cohort studies, one cross-sectional study, three case series, sixteen reports, two images, seven letters were included. Ocular may appear eyelid, cornea surface, retina, uvea, nerve, vessel. occurred up forty-two days vaccination, vaccine-induced immunologic responses be responsible. incidence rate of symptoms is considerably lower in vaccinated subjects than patients, physicians should aware associations between early diagnosis treatment vision problems or life-threatening complications.

Language: Английский

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The Inclusive Review on SARS-CoV-2 Biology, Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Potential Management Options

Current Microbiology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 78(4), P. 1099 - 1114

Published: Feb. 27, 2021

Language: Английский

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Acute Inflammatory Diseases of the Central Nervous System After SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination

Neurology Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: Nov. 21, 2022

Acute inflammatory CNS diseases include neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSDs) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD). Both MOGAD acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) have been reported after vaccination. Consequently, the mass SARS-CoV-2 vaccination program could result in increased rates of these conditions. We described features patients presenting with new demyelination resembling NMOSDs or within 8 weeks vaccination.The study included a prospective case series referred to highly specialized NMOSD services UK from introduction up May 2022. Twenty-five presented optic neuritis (ON) and/or transverse myelitis (TM) ± other inflammation either AstraZeneca (ChAdOx1S) Pfizer (BNT162b2) vaccines. Their clinical records paraclinical investigations including MRI scans were reviewed. Serologic testing for antibodies (MOG) aquaporin 4 (AQP4) was performed using live cell-based assays. Patients' outcomes graded good, moderate, poor based on last assessment.Of 25 identified (median age 38 years, 14 female), 12 (48%) had MOG (MOGIgG+), 2 (8%) (AQP4IgG+), 11 (44%) neither. Twelve (86%) antibody-positive received ChAdOx1S vaccine. MOGIgG+ most commonly TM (10/12, 83%), frequently combination ADEM-like brain/brainstem lesions (6/12, 50%). Transverse longitudinally extensive 7 10 patients. A peak cases Spring 2021 attributable postvaccine cases. AQP4IgG+ brain TM. Four 6 (67%) seronegative recipients experienced (LETM) compared 1 5 (20%) BNT162b2 group, facial nerve only (2/5, 40%). Guillain-Barre syndrome confirmed recipient suspected another.ChAdOx1S associated 12/14 cases, majority MOGAD. atypically, isolated ON (1 vaccine) but frequent LETM. Within phenotypic differences observed between recipients. These observations might support causative role vaccine particularly Further this cohort provide insights into vaccine-associated immunopathology.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 Vaccines and Thrombosis—Roadblock or Dead-End Street?

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(7), P. 1020 - 1020

Published: July 13, 2021

Two adenovirus-based vaccines, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and Ad26.COV2.S, two mRNA-based BNT162b2 mRNA.1273, have been approved by the European Medicines Agency (EMA), are invaluable in preventing reducing incidence of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Recent reports pointed to thrombosis with associated thrombocytopenia as an adverse effect occurring at a low frequency some individuals after vaccination. The causes such events may be related SARS-CoV-2 spike protein interactions different C-type lectin receptors, heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) CD147 receptor, or soluble splice variants protein, adenovirus vector CD46 receptor platelet factor 4 antibodies. Similar findings reported for several viral diseases vaccine administration. In addition, immunological mechanisms elicited vectors cellular delivery could play relevant role certain genetic backgrounds. Although rare, potential COVID-19 vaccine-induced immune thrombotic (VITT) requires immediate validation, especially risk groups, elderly, chronic smokers, pre-existing incidences thrombocytopenia; if necessary, reformulation existing vaccines.

Language: Английский

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Unlocking insights: Navigating COVID-19 challenges and Emulating future pandemic Resilience strategies with strengthening natural immunity

Heliyon, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(15), P. e34691 - e34691

Published: July 18, 2024

The original COVID-19 vaccines, developed against SARS-CoV-2, initially mitigated hospitalizations. Bivalent vaccine boosters were used widely during 2022-23, but the outbreaks persisted. Despite this, hospitalizations, mortality, and involving dominant mutants like Alpha Delta increased winters when population's vitamin D levels at their lowest. Notably, 75 % of human immune cell/system functions, including post-vaccination adaptive immunity, rely on adequate circulatory levels. Consequently, hypovitaminosis compromises innate responses, heightening susceptibility to infections complications. vaccines primarily target SARS-CoV-2 Spike proteins, thus offering only a limited protection through antibodies. mRNA such as those for COVID-19, fail generate secretory/mucosal immunity-like IgG rendering them ineffective in halting viral spread. Additionally, mutations binding domain reduce recognition by vaccine-derived antibodies, leading evasion mutant viruses Omicron variants. Meanwhile, repeated administration bivalent intended enhance efficacy resulted immunoparesis recipients. As result, relying solely outbreak prevention, it became less effective. Dominant variants exhibit affinity angiotensin-converting enzyme receptor-2, enhancing infectivity reducing virulence. spike protein-related do not impact potency available, repurposed early therapies, ivermectin. With re-emergence impending coronaviral pandemics, regulators health organizations should proactively consider approval strategic use cost-effective adjunct therapies mentioned above counter loss emerging novel coronaviruses eliminate vaccine- anti-viral agents-related serious adverse effects. Timely implementation these strategies could morbidity, healthcare costs provide rational approach address future epidemics pandemics. This perspective critically reviews relevant literature, providing insights, justifications, viewpoints into how scientific community authorities can leverage this knowledge cost-effectively.

Language: Английский

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