Multiple Sclerosis and COVID-19: An Overview on Risk, Severity, and Association With Disease Modifying Therapies DOI Creative Commons
Mary Hollist,

Abraham Hollist,

Katherine Au

et al.

Neuroscience Insights, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel coronavirus, emerged in December 2019, sparking global health crisis. While initially recognized as illness, it has become evident that Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) also affects the central nervous system. This comprehensive review focuses on neurological manifestations of COVID-19 and its impact patients with preexisting disorders, particularly those multiple sclerosis (MS) receiving disease-modifying therapies. Advancements management, including vaccinations, antiviral therapy, targeted prophylaxis, have led to decline incidence severity COVID-19. Nevertheless, significant complications persist, advanced MS, who are highly vulnerable infectious agents like SARS-CoV-2. explores evolving understanding MS association SARS-CoV-2, encompassing neuroinvasiveness, pathogenesis, severity, outcomes. Research findings reveal substantial implications for some COVID-19, potential risk relapse severity. A notable proportion experiencing may manifest new symptoms, experience exacerbation existing or encounter both simultaneously, underscoring diverse effects virus. vaccination therapeutics mitigated overall impact, specific subgroups, especially anti-CD20 therapy disability, remain at higher risk, necessitating ongoing vigilance tailored care.

Language: Английский

Clinical efficacy of anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 monoclonal antibodies in preventing hospitalisation and mortality among patients infected with Omicron variants: A systematic review and meta‐analysis DOI
Danijela Miljanovic, Andja Ćirković, Ivana Lazarević

et al.

Reviews in Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 33(4)

Published: March 16, 2023

Abstract Until now, the treatment protocols for COVID‐19 have been revised multiple times. The use and approval of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) represent exceptional achievements in modern science, technology medicine. SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron evasion pre‐existing immunity represents a serious public health problem nowadays. This systematic review with meta‐analysis provided comprehensive up‐to‐date evidence clinical efficacy anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 mAbs against subvariants patients included 10 articles. prevalence hospitalisation among Omicron‐positive treated was 2.8% (89/3169) while it controls (Omicron‐positive other therapies) 11% (154/1371). There statistically significantly different number hospitalisations between two studied groups favour group. (OR = 0.56, 95% CI OR 0.41–0.77, p < 0.001, respectively). Eight deaths (0.30%) out 2619 occurred group, control group therapies), 27 died 1401 (1.93%). 0.38, 0.17–0.85, 0.020). Using sotrovimab treating indicated reduction mortality 49% 89% sotrovimab, respectively 0.51, 0.34–0.79, 0.002; 0.11, 0.03–0.39, 0.001). We could only provide positive impact reducing rates when were used to treat infected variants BA.1 or BA.2 not on variants.

Language: Английский

Citations

6
Electroencephalographic findings post‐COVID‐19 vaccination: A systematic review of case reports and case series DOI
Asra Fazlollahi, Mahdi Zahmatyar, Ali Shamekh

et al.

Reviews in Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 33(6)

Published: Oct. 9, 2023

Abstract A number of different neurological complications have been reported following vaccination against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Electroencephalogram (EEG) is one modalities used to evaluate diseases. The aim present study was identify EEG changes in participants vaccinated COVID‐19. PubMed, Scopus, Web Science, medRxiv, and Google Scholar were searched up 1 September 2022, with terms related COVID‐19 vaccines, EEG, signs/symptoms, or disorders. All case reports series included if had received at least dose a vaccine post report also reported. We Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist for appraise methodological quality studies. Thirty‐one studies included, which comprised 24 seven total 36 participants. Generalised slowing non‐convulsive focal status epilepticus most common findings post‐COVID‐19 vaccination. frequent symptoms headache, fatigue, generalised weakness, vomiting. In addition, signs encephalopathy, post‐ictal phases, confusion. Encephalitis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, post‐vaccinal encephalopathy commonly diagnosed adverse events. Furthermore, imaging appeared normal. mainly showed background epileptiform discharges, encephalitis, encephalopathies, demyelinating Future larger samples more types may help further unravel potential effects vaccinations on recipients.

Language: Английский

Citations

5
Spike Protein Genetic Evolution in Patients at High Risk of Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 Treated by Monoclonal Antibodies DOI Open Access
Valentin Leducq, Karen Zafilaza,

Antoine Fauchois

et al.

The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 229(5), P. 1341 - 1351

Published: Nov. 23, 2023

High-risk patients, often immunocompromised and not responding to vaccine, continue experience severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) death. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were shown be effective prevent COVID-19 for these patients. Nevertheless, concerns about the emergence of resistance mutations raised.

Language: Английский

Citations

5
COVID-19 Treatments: Then and Now DOI
S. Shahzad Mustafa,

Rebecca A. Stern,

Pratish C Patel

et al.

The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology In Practice, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(11), P. 3321 - 3333

Published: Aug. 7, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Real-World Efficacy of COVID-19 Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis with Tixagevimab/Cilgavimab in People with Multiple Sclerosis DOI Creative Commons

Luke B. Elias,

Aliya Jaber,

Margarita Manzano

et al.

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(12), P. 1855 - 1855

Published: Dec. 15, 2023

Vaccines against the SARS-CoV-2 virus were authorized for use by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in United States have proven effective prevention of morbidity death from COVID-19. Certain immunosuppressant medications prevent development protective immunity following COVID-19 vaccination. In December 2021, FDA issued an emergency authorization (EUA) a monoclonal-antibody combination tixagevimab cilgavimab, under brand name Evusheld, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) individuals with moderate-to-severe immune compromise. While 77% reduction symptomatic was observed PROVENT study, trial conducted prior to emergence B.1.1.529 Omicron variant. We suspected reduced efficacy PrEP subvariants. retrospective cohort study comparing prevalence infections between 1 January 2022 July eligible patients treated versus untreated using questionnaire administered REDCap survey tool. Responses 235 participants included final analysis, 176 respondents 59 cohort. Symptomatic reported 50 (28.4%) only 9 (15.3%) those who received (p = 0.0557; OR 0.4536; 95% CI 0.2046 0.9599). Only two hospitalized infection, both The did not achieve statistical significance, indicating diminished variants.

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Tixagevimab/Cilgavimab as SARS-CoV-2 Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis in Lung Transplant Recipients during the Omicron Wave: A Real-World Monocentric Experience DOI Creative Commons
Andrea Cona, Alessandro Tavelli,

Stefano Agrenzano

et al.

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(7), P. 1436 - 1436

Published: July 15, 2024

Lung transplant recipients (LTRs) respond poorly to vaccination. SARS-CoV-2 pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with tixagevimab/cilgavimab (TIX/CIL) reduces the incidence of infection and evolution severe COVID-19. In vitro data show decreased activity against Omicron variants. We evaluated clinical efficacy safety TIX/CIL in LTRs during wave. A prospective observational cohort study was conducted at ISMETT Palermo (Italy). June 2022, PrEP 150/150 mg offered LTRs. who received were compared did not. Logistic regression analysis (adjusted for prior COVID-19, vaccination, age, years from transplant, rejection) performed. The objective this compare following among two populations: prevalence SARS-CoV-2, length positivity, COVID-19 disease severity. Among 110 eligible LTRs, 79 (72%) 31 (28%) infections occurred 6% (n = 5) patients 29% 9) not (p < 0.001). both groups, mild/asymptomatic, no one hospitalized or died. At multivariate analysis, associated a lower risk (aOR 0.22; 95%CI 0.06–0.78; p 0.02). safe effective reducing

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Tixagevimab and Cilgavimab Administration for Hemodialysis Patients at Community-Based Dialysis Centers in Singapore as Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis for SARS-CoV-2 Infection DOI Open Access
Behram Ali Khan,

Marlyn Pagsinohin,

Lucy M. Lu

et al.

Cureus, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 3, 2023

Hemodialysis patients are deemed to be immunosuppressed and may not able mount an adequate response vaccination against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Due higher morbidity mortality in this vulnerable group, pre-exposure prophylaxis with monoclonal antibodies was introduced as additional measure for protection selected community-based hemodialysis Singapore. Tixagevimab cilgavimab, available Evusheld, were used purpose. A government-sponsored clinical administration program provision of 200 doses Evusheld at no cost implemented. Patient selection criteria further risk-stratify patient cohort developed finally selected. done over a period two months, consecutive injections given separate intramuscular sites, which constituted one administration. Data collected part retrospective audit, routine quality monitoring process care program. Real-world evidence generated assess impact on mortality, hospitalization rate, reason hospitalization, any associated morbidity. No adverse events from noted. All recipients had received COVID-19 vaccinations prior Tixa-Cilga, range five doses. total 198 (99%) completed 189 (95%) three doses, out which, 14 (7%) contracted infection months. The overall rate 2% (four patients). Severe illness that required intensive unit stay therefore seen only 2 (1%) patients. None infected died. significant reduction severity illness, found tixagevimab real-world experience reduced 42.5% 2%, is 95.3% (p<0.0001). Symptoms mild, 1% being admitted unit. 2.5% 0% Evusheld. Conclusion: Mass prophylactic treatments populations can challenging settings successful implementation such has been described. findings have health policy implications immunocompromised future. combination Singapore, safe use patients, There rates admissions zero-mortality due infection, after prophylaxis.

Language: Английский

Citations

3
Investigation and analysis of children's behavior and outpatient number of respiratory diseases in Shanghai before and after the COVID-19 pandemic DOI Creative Commons

Xie Fei,

Tengguang Cai,

Bobo Jin

et al.

Heliyon, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(9), P. e19592 - e19592

Published: Aug. 30, 2023

ObjectiveAlterations in behavioral habits of children were analyzed Shanghai the winters prior to and following COVID-19 pandemic, with aim assisting prevention children's respiratory diseases post-pandemic era.MethodThis cross-sectional survey was conducted via an offline questionnaire from January 1 February 28, 2021. The Shanghainese different age groups during winter 2019 2020 statistically using SPSS 25.0 software. parameters surveyed included frequency outdoor activities, self-protection measures (frequency wearing masks washing hands after going out), travel history, time visit since symptom onset, influenza vaccination status. Lastly, number cases pediatric outpatient department our hospital same period.ResultA total 1816 questionnaires investigated analyzed, results revealed that significantly enhanced all pandemic breakout compared those before whereas activities traveling reduced. In group over 3 years old, onset shorter, rate increased pandemic. During period, decreased pandemic.ConclusionThe has had a significant impact on measures, other behaviors Shanghai. These changes correlated lower incidence transmission children. Overall, this study lays theoretical basis for childhood illnesses era.

Language: Английский

Citations

3
Role of tixagevimab‐cilgavimab in preventing SARS‐CoV‐2 in hematopoietic stem cell transplant and chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell therapy recipients DOI
Aswani Thurlapati, Mary McGann, James A. Davis

et al.

Journal of Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 95(8)

Published: Aug. 1, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Tixagevimab/cilgavimab for the prevention of COVID‐19 in solid organ transplant recipients DOI

Emily Eribes,

Cassandra Votruba,

Tyler Tinkham

et al.

Clinical Transplantation, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 38(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

Abstract Tixagevimab/cilgavimab (tix/cil) received emergency use authorization in December 2021 for pre‐exposure prophylaxis against COVID‐19 moderately to severely immunocompromised patients. Our study aimed describe the incidence of infection and assess immunologic risks associated with tix/cil kidney, pancreas, liver, heart transplant recipients. Retrospective chart review was completed provide descriptive analysis. Outcomes data included infection, severity graft function, rejection. Safety outcomes cardiovascular (CV) hypersensitivity events post administration. A total 410 patients were analysis: 20 heart, 92 243 25 simultaneous pancreas/kidney, 23 liver/kidney, seven heart/kidney. Twenty‐seven (6.5%) tested positive via PCR or antigen test tix/cil. No apparent difference observed testing by type organ ( p = .122). Twenty‐five 27 reported symptomatic only nine whom hospitalized. mechanically ventilated no deaths due occurred. significant changes function observed. Clinically rejection diagnosed treated four breakthrough rates remained low solid recipients who

Language: Английский

Citations

0