Linking RDoC and HiTOP: A new interface for advancing psychiatric nosology and neuroscience

Clinical Psychology Review, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 86, P. 102025 - 102025

Published: March 24, 2021

Language: Английский

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Validity and utility of Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP): III. Emotional dysfunction superspectrum

World Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 21(1), P. 26 - 54

Published: Jan. 11, 2022

The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) is a quantitative nosological system that addresses shortcomings traditional mental disorder diagnoses, including arbitrary boundaries between psychopathology and normality, frequent co‐occurrence, substantial heterogeneity within disorders, diagnostic unreliability over time across clinicians. This paper reviews evidence on the validity utility internalizing somatoform spectra HiTOP, which together provide support for an emotional dysfunction superspectrum. These are composed homogeneous symptom maladaptive trait dimensions currently subsumed multiple classes, depressive, anxiety, trauma‐related, eating, bipolar, somatic as well sexual aspects personality disorders. Dimensions falling superspectrum broadly linked to individual differences in negative affect/neuroticism. Extensive establishes share genetic diatheses, environmental risk factors, cognitive affective difficulties, neural substrates biomarkers, childhood temperamental antecedents, treatment response. structure these validators mirrors superspectrum, with some correlates more specific or conditions, others common both, thereby underlining hierarchical domain. Compared demonstrated substantially improved utility: greater reliability, larger explanatory predictive power, clinical applicability. Validated measures available implement HiTOP practice, can make classification useful, both research clinic.

Language: Английский

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Psychiatric diagnosis and treatment in the 21st century: paradigm shifts versus incremental integration

World Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 21(3), P. 393 - 414

Published: Sept. 8, 2022

Psychiatry has always been characterized by a range of different models and approaches to mental disorder, which have sometimes brought progress in clinical practice, but often also accompanied critique from within without the field. Psychiatric nosology particular focus debate recent decades; successive editions DSM ICD strongly influenced both psychiatric practice research, led assertions that psychiatry is crisis, advocacy for entirely new paradigms diagnosis assessment. When thinking about etiology, many researchers currently refer biopsychosocial model, this approach received significant critique, being considered some observers overly eclectic vague. Despite development evidence-based pharmacotherapies psychotherapies, current evidence points treatment gap research-practice health. In paper, after considering we discuss proposed novel perspectives recently achieved prominence may significantly impact research future: neuroscience personalized pharmacotherapy; statistical nosology, assessment research; deinstitutionalization community health care; scale-up psychotherapy; digital phenotyping therapies; global task-sharing approaches. We consider extent transitions practices reflect hype or hope. Our review indicates each contributes important insights allow hope future, provides only partial view, any promise paradigm shift field not well grounded. conclude there crucial advances that, despite progress, considerable need further improvements intervention; such will likely be specific shifts rather incremental iterative integration.

Language: Английский

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The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) in psychiatric practice and research

Psychological Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 52(9), P. 1666 - 1678

Published: June 2, 2022

Abstract The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) has emerged out the quantitative approach to psychiatric nosology. This identifies psychopathology constructs based on patterns co-variation among signs and symptoms. initial HiTOP model, which was published in 2017, is a large literature that spans decades research. living model undergoes revision as new data become available. Here we discuss advantages practical considerations using this system practice We especially highlight limitations ongoing efforts address them. describe differences similarities between existing diagnostic systems. Next, review types evidence informed development HiTOP, including populations it been studied its validity. paper also describes how can facilitate research genetic environmental causes well search for neurobiologic mechanisms novel treatments. Furthermore, consider implications public health programs prevention mental disorders. clinical utility illustrate application HiTOP. Importantly, measures practices are already used widely settings. offers way organize formalize these techniques. contribute progress psychiatry complement traditional nosologies. Moreover, seeks linkages phenotypes biological processes, may enable construction encompasses both biomarkers precise description.

Language: Английский

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Candidate diagnostic biomarkers for neurodevelopmental disorders in children and adolescents: a systematic review

World Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 22(1), P. 129 - 149

Published: Jan. 14, 2023

Neurodevelopmental disorders - including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder, communication disorders, intellectual disability, motor specific learning and tic manifest themselves early in development. Valid, reliable broadly usable biomarkers supporting a timely diagnosis of these would be highly relevant from clinical public health standpoint. We conducted the first systematic review studies on candidate diagnostic for children adolescents. searched Medline Embase + Classic with terms relating to until April 6, 2022, additional targeted searches genome-wide association (GWAS) neuroimaging or neurophysiological carried out by international consortia. considered biomarker as promising if it was reported at least two independent providing evidence sensitivity specificity 80%. After screening 10,625 references, we retained 780 (374 biochemical, 203 neuroimaging, 133 65 neuropsychological studies, five GWAS), total approximately 120,000 cases 176,000 controls. While majority focused simply associations, could not find any which there more research groups, results going into same direction Other important metrics assess validity biomarker, such positive predictive value negative value, were infrequently reported. Limitations currently available include mostly small sample size, heterogeneous approaches targets, undue focus single instead joint signatures, incomplete accounting potential confounding factors. Future multivariable multi-level may best suited valid biomarkers, will then need validated external, samples then, importantly, tested feasibility cost-effectiveness, before they can implemented daily practice.

Language: Английский

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The future of psychopharmacology: a critical appraisal of ongoing phase 2/3 trials, and of some current trends aiming to de‐risk trial programmes of novel agents

World Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 22(1), P. 48 - 74

Published: Jan. 14, 2023

Despite considerable progress in pharmacotherapy over the past seven decades, many mental disorders remain insufficiently treated. This situation is part due to limited knowledge of pathophysiology these and lack biological markers stratify individualize patient selection, but also a still restricted number mechanisms action being targeted monotherapy or combination/augmentation treatment, as well variety challenges threatening successful development testing new drugs. In this paper, we first provide an overview most promising drugs with innovative that are undergoing phase 2 3 for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive anxiety trauma‐related disorders, substance use dementia. Promising repurposing established medications psychiatric indications, variations modulation dopamine, noradrenaline serotonin receptor functioning, considered. We then critically discuss clinical trial parameters need be considered depth when developing pharmacological agents treatment disorders. Hurdles perils success drug include inadequacy imprecision inclusion/exclusion criteria ratings, sub‐optimally suited participants, multiple factors contributing large/increasing placebo effect, problems statistical analyses. information should order de‐risk programmes novel known increasing their chances success.

Language: Английский

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The Neuropsychology of Anxiety

Oxford University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 7, 2024

Abstract The Neuropsychology of Anxiety first appeared in 1982 as the volume Oxford Psychology Series, and it quickly established itself classic work on subject. It second edition (appearing 2000) have been cited at a steadily increasing rate passing 500/year 2017. field has continued to expand last quarter century necessitating this third edition. This completely updated revised (with many figures converted colour) retains original core concepts while expanding often simplifying details. includes new chapter prefrontal cortex, which integrates frontal hippocampal views anxiety an extensively modified personality providing basis for further developments Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory. book is essential postgraduate students researchers experimental psychology neuroscience, well all clinical psychologists psychiatrists.

Language: Английский

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Understanding the Etiology of Externalizing Problems in Young Children: The Roles of Callous-Unemotional Traits and Irritability

Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Psychopathy: Current Knowledge and Future Directions

Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 18(1), P. 387 - 415

Published: Feb. 4, 2022

Research on psychopathy has progressed considerably in recent years against the backdrop of important advances broader field clinical psychological science. My major aim this review is to encourage integration investigative work dispositional, biobehavioral, and developmental aspects with counterpart general psychopathology. Using triarchic model as a frame reference, I offer perspective long-standing debates pertaining conceptualization assessment psychopathy, discuss how dispositional facets relate subdimensions internalizing externalizing psychopathology, summarize findings from contemporary biobehavioral research psychopathy. conclude by describing systematic strategy for coordinating biobehavioral-developmental that can enable it be informed by, help inform, ongoing mental health problems more broadly.

Language: Английский

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A Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) Primer for Mental Health Researchers

Clinical Psychological Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(2), P. 236 - 258

Published: June 23, 2021

Mental health research is at an important crossroads as the field seeks more reliable and valid phenotypes to study. Dimensional approaches quantifying mental illness operate outside confines of traditional categorical diagnoses, they are gaining traction a way advance on causes consequences illness. The Hierarchical Taxonomy Psychopathology (HiTOP) leading dimensional paradigm that synthesizes decades data major dimensions psychological disorders. In this article, we demonstrate how use HiTOP model formulate test questions through series tutorials. To boost accessibility, annotated code for each tutorial included OSF (https://osf.io/8myzw). After presenting tutorials, outline investigators can these ideas tools generate new insights in their own substantive programs.

Language: Английский

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