Therapeutic Potential of Cannabis, Cannabidiol, and Cannabinoid-Based Pharmaceuticals

Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 107(3-4), P. 131 - 149

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

<b><i>Background:</i></b> There is a growing interest in the use of cannabis (and its extracts), as well CBD oil (hemp extracts containing cannabidiol), for therapeutic purposes. While there reason to believe that cannabinoids may be efficacious number different diseases and syndromes, exist limited objective data supporting crude materials (CBD oil, extracts, and/or itself). <b><i>Summary:</i></b> In present review, we examined pure cannabinoid compounds (dronabinol, nabilone, CBD), partially purified medicinal (nabiximols), provide guidance on potential uses high-THC oil. general, support role cannabis/cannabinoids pain, seizure disorders, appetite stimulation, muscle spasticity, treatment nausea/vomiting. Given biological activities cannabinoids, utility central nervous system disorders (such neurodegenerative diseases, PTSD, addiction) or cancer. However, those are much less compelling. <b><i>Key Message:</i></b> On balance, reasons medical extract (Δ⁹-THC-dominant CBD-dominant), but more careful research required.

Language: Английский

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Cannabidiol and Other Non-Psychoactive Cannabinoids for Prevention and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Disorders: Useful Nutraceuticals?

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 21(9), P. 3067 - 3067

Published: April 26, 2020

Cannabis sativa is an aromatic annual flowering plant with several botanical varieties, used for different purposes, like the production of fibers, oil from seeds, and especially recreational or medical purposes. Phytocannabinoids (terpenophenolic compounds derived plant), include well-known psychoactive cannabinoid Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, many non-psychoactive cannabinoids, cannabidiol. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) comprises ligands, enzymes synthesis degradation such receptors. This widely distributed in gastrointestinal tract, where phytocannabinoids exert potent effects, particularly under pathological (i.e., inflammatory) conditions. Herein, we will first look at hemp as a possible source new functional food ingredients nutraceuticals that might be eventually useful to treat even prevent Subsequently, briefly describe ECS general pharmacology phytocannabinoids. Finally, revise available data showing phytocannabinoids, cannabidiol, may disorders diseases tract. With increasing interest development foods healthy life, are hoped find place also tract function.

Language: Английский

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The Polypharmacological Effects of Cannabidiol

Molecules, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 28(7), P. 3271 - 3271

Published: April 6, 2023

Cannabidiol (CBD) is a major phytocannabinoid present in Cannabis sativa (Linneo, 1753). This naturally occurring secondary metabolite does not induce intoxication or exhibit the characteristic profile of drugs abuse from cannabis like Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (∆9-THC) does. In contrast to ∆9-THC, our knowledge neuro-molecular mechanisms CBD limited, and its pharmacology, which appears be complex, has yet been fully elucidated. The study pharmacological effects grown exponentially recent years, making it necessary generate frequently updated reports on this important metabolite. article, rationalized integration action molecular targets implications animal models human diseases, such as epilepsy, pain, neuropsychiatric disorders, Alzheimer’s disease, inflammatory are presented. We identify around 56 different for CBD, including enzymes ion channels/metabotropic receptors involved neurologic conditions. Herein, we compiled found scientific literature multiple actions CBD. vitro vivo findings essential understanding polypharmacological nature natural product.

Language: Английский

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A comprehensive review of the multifaceted role of cannabinoid receptor type 2 in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders

Pharmacological Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 213, P. 107657 - 107657

Published: Feb. 19, 2025

Research carried out during the last 30 years since first identification of CB2r in 1993 has changed landscape this receptor's role and therapeutic utility. Initially, studies focused on elucidating at periphery it was characterized spleen lymphocytes. Later, found brain not only under pathological conditions but also basal conditions. It is now known that receptor expressed different regions cell types, including neurons microglia. Experimental have provided robust evidence involved modulation immune system, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress neuroprotection. Besides, mediated response to stress, anxiety, depression. Also, plays a relevant modulating reinforcing properties drugs abuse, alcohol, nicotine cocaine. In review, we summarize cumulative knowledge regarding immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, neuroprotective against development neurodegenerative diseases. Indeed, cover anxiolytic antidepressant potential CB2r, which raises interest psychiatric diseases associated with anxiety Finally, discuss involvement regulation drug addiction. A better understanding essential for pharmacological neurodegenerative, psychiatric, addictive disorders.

Language: Английский

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New Insights and Potential Therapeutic Targeting of CB2 Cannabinoid Receptors in CNS Disorders

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(2), P. 975 - 975

Published: Jan. 17, 2022

The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is ubiquitous in most human tissues, and involved the regulation of mental health. Consequently, its dysregulation associated with neuropsychiatric neurodegenerative disorders. Together, ECS expanded endocannabinoidome (eCBome) are composed genes coding for CB1 CB2 cannabinoid receptors (CB1R, CB2R), endocannabinoids (eCBs), metabolic enzyme machinery their synthesis catabolism. activation CB1R adverse effects on central nervous (CNS), which has limited therapeutic use drugs that bind this receptor. discovery functional neuronal CB2R raised new possibilities potential safe targeting treatment CNS Previous studies were not able to detect mRNA transcripts brain tissue suggested CB2Rs absent considered peripheral receptors. Studies done role as a target treating different disorders revealed important putative certain disorders, requires further clinical validation. This review addresses recent advances including, but to, anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s (AD), Huntington’s (HD) addiction.

Language: Английский

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Cannabinoids in neuroinflammatory disorders: Focusing on multiple sclerosis, Parkinsons, and Alzheimers diseases

BioFactors, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 49(3), P. 560 - 583

Published: Jan. 13, 2023

Abstract The medicinal properties of cannabis and cannabinoid‐derivative are entirely investigated known. In addition, the identification psychotropic plant cannabinoids has led to more studies regarding cannabinoid system its therapeutic features in treatment management clinical symptoms neuroinflammatory disorders, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinsons disease (PD), Alzheimers (AD). fact, agonists able control regulate inflammatory responses. contrast receptor type 1 (CB1) unwanted adverse effects, 2 (CB2) ligands hold promise for new effective approaches. So far, some successes have been achieved this field. This review will discuss an outline endocannabinoid system's involvement disorders. Moreover, pharmacological efficacy different natural synthetic preparations phytocannabinoids acting on receptors, particularly MS, PD, AD, be updated. Also, reasons targeting CB2 neurodegeneration explained.

Language: Английский

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Beta-Caryophyllene, a Cannabinoid Receptor Type 2 Selective Agonist, in Emotional and Cognitive Disorders

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(6), P. 3203 - 3203

Published: March 11, 2024

Mental disorders account for one of the most prevalent categories burden disease worldwide, with depression expected to be largest contributor by 2030, closely followed anxiety. The COVID-19 pandemic possibly exacerbated these challenges, especially amongst adolescents, who experienced isolation, disrupted routines, and limited healthcare access. Notably, has been associated long-term neurological effects known as “long-COVID”, characterized both cognitive psychopathological symptoms. In general, psychiatric disorders, including those related long-COVID, are supposed due widespread inflammation leading neuroinflammation. Recently, endocannabinoid system (ECS) emerged a potential target addressing anxiety pathophysiology. Specifically, natural or synthetic cannabinoids, able selectively interact cannabinoid type-2 receptor (CB2R), recently revealed new therapeutic in neuropsychiatric absent psychotropic activity. Among promising CB2R ligands, bicyclic sesquiterpene β-caryophyllene (BCP) an excellent anti-inflammatory antioxidant agent. This review underscores BCP’s immunomodulatory properties, highlighting its management

Language: Английский

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Major Phytocannabinoids and Their Related Compounds: Should We Only Search for Drugs That Act on Cannabinoid Receptors?

Pharmaceutics, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(11), P. 1823 - 1823

Published: Nov. 1, 2021

The most important discoveries in pharmacology, such as certain classes of analgesics or chemotherapeutics, started from natural extracts which have been found to effects traditional medicine. Cannabis, traditionally used Asia for the treatment pain, nausea, spasms, sleep, depression, and low appetite, is still a good candidate development new compounds. If initially all attention was directed endocannabinoid system, recent studies suggest that many clinically proven are based on an intrinsic chain mechanisms do not necessarily involve only cannabinoid receptors. Recent research has shown major phytocannabinoids their derivatives also interact with non-cannabinoid receptors vanilloid receptor 1, transient ankyrin 1 potential, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma glitazone receptor, G55 protein-coupled nuclear producing pharmacological diseases Alzheimer’s, epilepsy, neuropathic cancer, diabetes. Nonetheless, further needed elucidate precise these Structure modulation phytocannabinoids, order improve effects, should be limited exploration receptors, it target other courses action discovered through research.

Language: Английский

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Cannabidiol modulation of oxidative stress and signalling

Neuronal Signaling, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 5(3)

Published: Aug. 9, 2021

Cannabidiol (CBD), one of the primary non-euphoric components in Cannabis sativa L. plant, has undergone clinical development over last number years as a therapeutic for patients with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome and Dravet syndromes. This phytocannabinoid demonstrates functional pharmacological diversity, research data indicate that CBD is comparable antioxidant to common antioxidants. review gathers latest knowledge regarding impact on oxidative signalling, focus proclivity regulate antioxidants control production reactive oxygen species. considered an attractive agent neuroimmune disorders, body literature indicates can redox function at multiple levels, range downstream effects cells tissues. However, pro-oxidant capacity also been reported, hence caution must be applied when considering from standpoint. Such pro- functions may cell- model-dependent influenced by dose, duration treatment underlying pathology.

Language: Английский

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The Skin and Natural Cannabinoids–Topical and Transdermal Applications

Pharmaceuticals, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(7), P. 1049 - 1049

Published: July 24, 2023

The chemical constituents of the

Language: Английский

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