Recent advances in neuropeptide signaling in Drosophila, from genes to physiology and behavior

Progress in Neurobiology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 179, P. 101607 - 101607

Published: March 22, 2019

Language: Английский

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Fat Body Biology in the Last Decade

Annual Review of Entomology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 64(1), P. 315 - 333

Published: Oct. 12, 2018

The insect fat body is analogous to vertebrate adipose tissue and liver. In this review, the new exciting advancements made in biology last decade are summarized. Controlled by hormonal nutritional signals, cells undergo mitosis during embryogenesis, endoreplication larval stages, remodeling metamorphosis regulate reproduction adults. Fat tissues major sites for nutrient storage, energy metabolism, innate immunity, detoxification. Recent studies have revealed that plays a central role integration of signals growth, size, circadian clock, pupal diapause, longevity, feeding behavior, courtship partially releasing remotely control brain. addition, has emerged as fascinating model studying metabolic disorders immune diseases. Potential future directions also proposed herein.

Language: Английский

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Drosophila as a model for ageing

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 1864(9), P. 2707 - 2717

Published: Sept. 29, 2017

Language: Английский

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Interorgan Communication Pathways in Physiology: Focus on Drosophila

Annual Review of Genetics, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 50(1), P. 539 - 570

Published: Oct. 12, 2016

Studies in mammals and Drosophila have demonstrated the existence significance of secreted factors involved communication between distal organs. In this review, primarily focusing on Drosophila, we examine known interorgan their functions, physiological inducers, integration regulating physiology. Moreover, describe how organ-sensing screens can systematically identify novel conserved factors. Finally, discuss enabled evolved as a result specialization Together, anticipate that future studies will establish model for metazoan network (ICN) it is deregulated disease.

Language: Английский

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Triacylglycerol Metabolism in Drosophila melanogaster

Genetics, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 210(4), P. 1163 - 1184

Published: Dec. 1, 2018

Abstract Triacylglycerol (TAG) is the most important caloric source with respect to energy homeostasis in animals. In addition its evolutionarily conserved importance as an source, TAG turnover crucial metabolism of structural and signaling lipids. These neutral lipids are also key players development disease. Here, we review Drosophila model system. Recently, fruit fly has attracted renewed attention research due unique experimental approaches it affords studying tissue-autonomous interorgan regulation lipid vivo. Following overview systemic control body fat stores, will cover anabolic, enzymatic, regulatory processes, which begin dietary breakdown de novo lipogenesis that results droplet storage. Next, focus on lipolytic mobilize storage make metabolically accessible either or a building block for biosynthesis other classes. Since buildup involves various organs, highlight avenues transport, at heart functional integration organismic metabolism. Finally, draw some “missing links” basic conclude perspective how can be exploited study metabolic roles diverse

Language: Английский

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A journey into the world of insect lipid metabolism

Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 104(2)

Published: April 25, 2020

Abstract Lipid metabolism is fundamental to life. In insects, it critical, during reproduction, flight, starvation, and diapause. The coordination center for insect lipid the fat body, which analogous vertebrate adipose tissue liver. Fat body contains various different cell types; however, adipocytes oenocytes are primary cells related metabolism. starts with hydrolysis of dietary lipids, absorption monomers, followed by transport from midgut lipogenesis or lipolysis in other sites demanding energy. under control hormones, transcription factors, secondary messengers posttranscriptional modifications. Primarily, insulin‐like peptides that activate lipogenic such as sterol regulatory element‐binding proteins, whereas coordinated adipokinetic hormone activates lipolytic forkhead box class O cAMP‐response protein. Calcium primary–secondary messenger affecting has outcomes depending on site lipolysis. Phosphorylation central multiple phosphorylases involved accumulation hydrolysis. Although most knowledge comes studies model Drosophila; particular those obligatory facultative diapause, also have great potential study use these models would significantly improve our

Language: Английский

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Neurotransmitter classification from electron microscopy images at synaptic sites in Drosophila melanogaster

Cell, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 187(10), P. 2574 - 2594.e23

Published: May 1, 2024

High-resolution electron microscopy of nervous systems has enabled the reconstruction synaptic connectomes. However, we do not know sign for each connection (i.e., whether a is excitatory or inhibitory), which implied by released transmitter. We demonstrate that artificial neural networks can predict transmitter types presynapses from micrographs: network trained to six transmitters (acetylcholine, glutamate, GABA, serotonin, dopamine, octopamine) achieves an accuracy 87% individual synapses, 94% neurons, and 91% known cell across D. melanogaster whole brain. visualize ultrastructural features used prediction, discovering subtle but significant differences between phenotypes. also analyze distributions brain find neurons develop together largely express only one fast-acting GABA). hope our publicly available predictions act as accelerant neuroscientific hypothesis generation fly.

Language: Английский

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Regulation of Carbohydrate Energy Metabolism in Drosophila melanogaster.

PubMed, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 207(4), P. 1231 - 1253

Published: Dec. 1, 2017

Carbohydrate metabolism is essential for cellular energy balance as well the biosynthesis of new building blocks. As animal nutrient intake displays temporal fluctuations and each cell type within possesses specific metabolic needs, elaborate regulatory systems are needed to coordinate carbohydrate in time space. regulated locally through gene networks signaling pathways, which receive inputs from sensors other such developmental signals. Superimposed on cell-intrinsic control, hormonal mediates intertissue information maintain organismal homeostasis. Misregulation causative many human diseases, diabetes cancer. Recent work Drosophila melanogaster has uncovered regulators introduced novel physiological roles previously known pathways. Moreover, genetically tractable models study metabolism-related diseases have provided insight into mechanisms pathogenesis. Due high degree conservation relevant vast possibilities analysis gene-nutrient interactions tissue-specific function, emerging an important model system research metabolism.

Language: Английский

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Conserved insulin signaling in the regulation of oocyte growth, development, and maturation

Molecular Reproduction and Development, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 84(6), P. 444 - 459

Published: April 5, 2017

Insulin signaling regulates various aspects of physiology, such as glucose homeostasis and aging, is a key determinant female reproduction in metazoans. That insulin crucial for reproductive health clear from clinical data linking hyperinsulinemic hypoinsulinemic condition with certain types ovarian dysfunction, altered steroidogenesis, polycystic ovary syndrome, infertility. Thus, understanding the mechanisms that underlie control insulin-mediated development important accurate diagnosis intervention Studies invertebrate vertebrate model systems have revealed molecular determinants transduce well which biological processes are regulated by insulin-signaling pathway. The pathway, receptor to its downstream components, structurally functionally conserved across evolution, worms mammals—yet, physiological differences still exist. acts cooperatively gonadotropins mammals lower vertebrates mediate development, mainly owing evolution endocrine system vertebrates. In contrast, Drosophila Caenorhabditis elegans directly oocyte growth maturation. this review, we compare contrast regulation functions mammals, vertebrates, C. elegans, Drosophila, highlight pathways regulatory general while illustrating insulin's unique role specific processes.

Language: Английский

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Single cell transcriptome atlas of the Drosophila larval brain

eLife, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: Nov. 20, 2019

Cell diversity of the brain and how it is affected by starvation, remains largely unknown. Here, we introduce a single cell transcriptome atlas entire Drosophila first instar larval brain. We assigned cell-type identity based on known marker genes, distinguishing five major groups: neural progenitors, differentiated neurons, glia, undifferentiated neurons non-neural cells. All classes were further subdivided into multiple subtypes, revealing biological features various cell-types. assessed transcriptional changes in response to starvation at single-cell level. While after composition unaffected, profile several clusters changed. Intriguingly, different cell-types show very distinct responses suggesting presence cell-specific programs for nutrition availability. Establishing provides powerful tool explore assess genetic profiles from developmental, functional behavioral perspectives.

Language: Английский

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