Odorat et virus respiratoires :une relation révélée par la Covid-19 DOI Creative Commons
Nicolas Meunier

médecine/sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 39(2), P. 119 - 128

Published: Feb. 1, 2023

L’odorat, sens pendant longtemps sous-estimé chez l’homme, a été mis sur le devant de la scène par sa soudaine disparition, survenue pandémie Covid-19, dont l’anosmie est un des symptômes majeurs. Pourtant, depuis longtemps, les virus respiratoires ont associés aux troubles l’odorat, 25 % seraient liés à une infection virale. L’olfaction débute dans nez, au sein d’un épithélium olfactif qui particularité contenir neurones en contact direct avec l’environnement. Plusieurs sont connus pour leur capacité réplicative cet épithélium. C’est notamment cas du grippe ( influenza ) et bronchiolite (VRS, respiratoire syncytial), mais tropisme ce tissu bien moindre que celui SARS-CoV-2. La physiopathologie cavité nasale permis commencer comprendre liens existant entre virale l’olfaction.

Olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19: new insights into the underlying mechanisms DOI Creative Commons
Rafał Butowt, Katarzyna Bilińska, Christopher S. von Bartheld

et al.

Trends in Neurosciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 46(1), P. 75 - 90

Published: Nov. 16, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

93
Neuroinvasion and anosmia are independent phenomena upon infection with SARS-CoV-2 and its variants DOI Creative Commons
Guilherme Dias de Melo, Victoire Perraud, Flavio Alvarez

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: July 26, 2023

Abstract Anosmia was identified as a hallmark of COVID-19 early in the pandemic, however, with emergence variants concern, clinical profile induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection has changed, anosmia being less frequent. Here, we assessed clinical, olfactory and neuroinflammatory conditions golden hamsters infected original Wuhan strain, its isogenic ORF7-deletion mutant three variants: Gamma, Delta, Omicron/BA.1. We show that animals develop variant-dependent disease including anosmia, ORF7 contributes to induction dysfunction. Conversely, all are neuroinvasive, regardless presentation they induce. Taken together, this confirms neuroinvasion independent phenomena upon infection. Using newly generated nanoluciferase-expressing SARS-CoV-2, validate pathway major entry point into brain vivo demonstrate vitro travels retrogradely anterogradely along axons microfluidic neuron-epithelial networks.

Language: Английский

Citations

43
Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2-associated anosmia DOI
Tatsuya Tsukahara, David H. Brann, Sandeep Robert Datta

et al.

Physiological Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 103(4), P. 2759 - 2766

Published: June 21, 2023

Anosmia, the loss of sense smell, is one main neurological manifestations COVID-19. Although SARS-CoV-2 virus targets nasal olfactory epithelium, current evidence suggests that neuronal infection extremely rare in both periphery and brain, prompting need for mechanistic models can explain widespread anosmia COVID-19 patients. Starting from work identifying non-neuronal cell types are infected by system, we review effects these supportive cells epithelium brain posit downstream mechanisms through which smell impaired We propose indirect contribute to altered system function COVID-19-associated anosmia, as opposed or neuroinvasion into brain. Such include tissue damage, inflammatory responses immune infiltration systemic circulation cytokines, downregulation odorant receptor genes sensory neurons response local signals. also highlight key unresolved questions raised recent findings.

Language: Английский

Citations

34
The structure and function of olfactory receptors DOI
C.-C. Wu, Marc Xu,

Junlin Dong

et al.

Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 45(3), P. 268 - 280

Published: Jan. 31, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

14
Targeting neutrophil elastase is a promising direction for future cancer treatment DOI Creative Commons

Wangqiang Jia,

Yudong Mao,

Qianwen Luo

et al.

Discover Oncology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: May 15, 2024

Abstract Neutrophil elastase (NE) is a proteolytic enzyme released extracellular during the formation of neutrophil traps (NETs) through degranulation. In addition to participating in body's inflammatory response, NE also plays an important role cancer. It can promote tumor proliferation, migration, and invasion, induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), change microenvironment (TME) progression. Concurrently, promotes systemic treatment resistance by inducing EMT. However, it selectively kill cancer cells attenuate development. Sivelestat specific inhibitor that be used perioperative period esophageal patients reduce incidence postoperative complications after esophagectomy. addition, combination sivelestat trastuzumab enhance efficacy human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER 2) positive breast patients. Meanwhile, targeting antibody domains fragments new way treat inflammation-related diseases. This review provides valuable insights into treatment. Additionally, we discuss challenges associated with clinical application sivelestat. By shedding light on promising potential NE, this contributes advancement strategies.

Language: Английский

Citations

12
Mechanisms of COVID‐19‐associated olfactory dysfunction DOI
Koping Chang, Thomas D. Zaikos,

Nicholas Kilner‐Pontone

et al.

Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 50(2)

Published: Feb. 28, 2024

Olfactory dysfunction is one of the most common symptoms COVID-19. In first 2 years pandemic, it was frequently reported, although its incidence has significantly decreased with emergence Omicron variant, which since become dominant viral strain. Nevertheless, many patients continue to suffer from persistent dysosmia and dysgeusia, making COVID-19-associated olfactory an ongoing health concern. The proposed pathogenic mechanisms are complex likely multifactorial. While evidence suggests that infection sustentacular cells associated mucosal inflammation may be culprit acute, transient smell loss, alterations in other components system (e.g., receptor neuron dysfunction, bulb injury cortex) lead persistent, long-term dysfunction. This review aims provide a comprehensive summary epidemiology, clinical manifestations current understanding

Language: Английский

Citations

9
Olfactory immune response to SARS-CoV-2 DOI Creative Commons
Sebastian A. Wellford, E. Ashley Moseman

Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(2), P. 134 - 143

Published: Dec. 25, 2023

Abstract Numerous pathogens can infect the olfactory tract, yet pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has strongly emphasized importance of mucosa as an immune barrier. Situated in nasal passages, is directly exposed to environment sense airborne odorants; however, this also means it serve a direct route entry from outside world into brain. As result, olfactotropic infections have serious consequences, including dysfunction system, CNS invasion, dissemination lower respiratory and transmission between individuals. Recent research shown that distinctive response needed protect neuronal mucosal tissue. A better understanding innate, adaptive, structural barriers develop effective therapeutics vaccines against microbes such SARS-CoV-2. Here, we summarize ramifications infection mucosa, review subsequent response, discuss important areas future for immunity infectious disease.

Language: Английский

Citations

16
Olfactory immunology: the missing piece in airway and CNS defence DOI
Sebastian A. Wellford, E. Ashley Moseman

Nature reviews. Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(6), P. 381 - 398

Published: Dec. 14, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

15
A single-cell transcriptomic census of mammalian olfactory epithelium aging DOI

Weihao Li,

Tingting Wu, Kesen Zhu

et al.

Developmental Cell, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 59(22), P. 3043 - 3058.e8

Published: Aug. 23, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

6
Olfactory Loss in Rhinosinusitis: Mechanisms of Loss and Recovery DOI Open Access

Agnès Dekeyser,

Caroline Huart, Thomas Hummel

et al.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(8), P. 4460 - 4460

Published: April 18, 2024

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a highly prevalent disease and up to 83% of CRS patients suffer from olfactory dysfunction (OD). Because OD specifically seen in those that present with type 2 eosinophilic inflammation, it believed inflammatory mediators at the level epithelium are involved development this loss. However, due difficulties obtaining tissue epithelium, little known about true mechanisms OD. Thanks COVID-19 pandemic, interest olfaction has been growing rapidly several studies have focusing on conditions. In paper, we summarize most recent data exploring pathophysiological underlying CRS. We also review what potential capacity recovery currently available treatments patients.

Language: Английский

Citations

4