Neuropathological lesions in intravenous BCG-stimulated K18-hACE2 mice challenged with SARS-CoV-2 DOI Creative Commons
Lidia Sánchez‐Morales, Néstor Porras, Teresa García‐Seco

et al.

Veterinary Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 55(1)

Published: May 31, 2024

Abstract In the wake of COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, questions emerged about potential effects Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine on immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, including neurodegenerative diseases it may contribute to. To explore this, an experimental study was carried out in BCG-stimulated and non-stimulated k18-hACE2 mice challenged with SARS-CoV-2. Viral loads tissues determined RT-qPCR, histopathology brain lungs, immunohistochemical (IHC) as well mortality rates, clinical signs plasma inflammatory coagulation biomarkers were assessed. Our results showed BCG-SARS-CoV-2 presented higher viral increased frequency neuroinvasion, greatest differences observed between groups at 3–4 days post-infection (dpi). Histopathological examination a severity lesions mice, mainly consisting neuroinflammation, glial cell population neuronal degeneration, from 5 dpi onwards. This group also interstitial pneumonia vascular thrombosis lungs (3–4 dpi), values for TNF-α D-dimer values, while iNOS dpi. Results this indicate that BCG stimulation could have intensified promoting virus neuroinvasion dissemination model. Although show hACE2 expression neurodissemination, suggests that, although benefits enhancing heterologous protection against pathogens tumour cells been broadly demonstrated, adverse outcomes due non-specific should be considered.

Language: Английский

The knowns and unknowns of long COVID-19: from mechanisms to therapeutical approaches DOI Creative Commons
Roxana Gheorghiţă, Iuliana Șoldănescu, Andrei Lobiuc

et al.

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: March 4, 2024

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has been defined as the greatest global health and socioeconomic crisis of modern times. While most people recover after being infected with virus, a significant proportion them continue to experience issues weeks, months even years acute infection SARS-CoV-2. This persistence clinical symptoms in individuals for at least three onset or emergence new lasting more than two months, without any other explanation alternative diagnosis have named long COVID, long-haul post-COVID-19 conditions, chronic post-acute sequelae (PASC). Long COVID characterized constellation disorders that vary widely their manifestations. Further, mechanisms underlying are not fully understood, which hamper efficient treatment options. review describes predictors common related COVID's effects on central peripheral nervous system organs tissues. Furthermore, transcriptional markers, molecular signaling pathways risk factors such sex, age, pre-existing condition, hospitalization during phase COVID-19, vaccination, lifestyle presented. Finally, recommendations patient rehabilitation management, well therapeutical approaches discussed. Understanding complexity this disease, its across multiple organ systems overlapping pathologies possible paramount developing diagnostic tools treatments.

Language: Английский

Citations

23
Neurological complications caused by SARS-CoV-2 DOI
Zehan Pang, Ao Tang,

Yujie He

et al.

Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 37(4)

Published: Sept. 18, 2024

SUMMARYSARS-CoV-2 can not only cause respiratory symptoms but also lead to neurological complications. Research has shown that more than 30% of SARS-CoV-2 patients present neurologic during COVID-19 (A. Pezzini and A. Padovani, Nat Rev Neurol 16:636-644, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41582-020-0398-3). Increasing evidence suggests invade both the central nervous system (CNS) (M.S. Xydakis, M.W. Albers, E.H. Holbrook, et al. Lancet 20: 753-761, 2021 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(21)00182-4 ) peripheral (PNS) (M.N. Soares, M. Eggelbusch, E. Naddaf, J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 13:11-22, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.12896), resulting in a variety disorders. This review summarized CNS complications caused by infection, including encephalopathy, neurodegenerative diseases, delirium. Additionally, some PNS disorders such as skeletal muscle damage inflammation, anosmia, smell or taste impairment, myasthenia gravis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, ICU-acquired weakness, post-acute sequelae were described. Furthermore, mechanisms underlying SARS-CoV-2-induced discussed, entering brain through retrograde neuronal hematogenous routes, disrupting normal function cytokine storms, inducing cerebral ischemia hypoxia, thus leading Moreover, an overview long-COVID-19 is provided, along with recommendations for care therapeutic approaches experiencing

Language: Английский

Citations

6
A Comprehensive Review of COVID-19-Related Olfactory Deficiency: Unraveling Associations with Neurocognitive Disorders and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings DOI Creative Commons
Ludovica Simonini, Francesca Frijia, Lamia Ait‐Ali

et al.

Diagnostics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(4), P. 359 - 359

Published: Feb. 7, 2024

Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is one of the most common symptoms in COVID-19 patients and can impact patients’ lives significantly. The aim this review was to investigate multifaceted on olfactory system provide an overview magnetic resonance (MRI) findings neurocognitive disorders with COVID-19-related OD. Extensive searches were conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar until 5 December 2023. included articles 12 observational studies 1 case report that assess structural changes structures, highlighted through MRI, 10 correlating loss smell or mood patients. MRI consistently indicate volumetric abnormalities, altered signal intensity bulbs (OBs), anomalies cortex among persistent correlation between OD deficits reveals associations cognitive impairment, memory deficits, depressive symptoms. Treatment approaches, including training pharmacological interventions, are discussed, emphasizing need for sustained therapeutic interventions. This points out several limitations current literature while exploring intricate effects its connection disorders. lack objective measurements some potential validity issues self-reports emphasize cautious interpretation. Our research highlights critical extensive larger samples, proper controls, deepen our understanding COVID-19’s long-term neurological dysfunctions.

Language: Английский

Citations

5
Receptors Involved in COVID-19-Related Anosmia: An Update on the Pathophysiology and the Mechanistic Aspects DOI Open Access
Noor Nadhim Al-Saigh, Amani A. Harb, Shtaywy Abdalla

et al.

Published: June 27, 2024

Background Olfactory perception is an important physiological function for the human well-being and health. Loss of olfaction, or anosmia, caused by viral infections such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) received a considerable attention especially in persistent cases that take long time to recover. Objectives This review discusses integration different components olfactory epithelium serve structural functional unit, explores how they are affected during infections, leading development dysfunction. Methods The mainly focused on role receptors mediating disruption signal transduction pathways ACE2, TMPRSS2 protease, neuropilin 1 (NRP1), basigin (CD147), olfactory, TRPV1, purinergic, interferon gamma receptors. Furthermore, compromised epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) induced SARS-CoV-2 infection its contribution dysfunction also discussed. Results Collectively, this provides fundamental information about many types may modulate olfaction participate It will help understand underlying pathophysiology virus-induced anosmia which finding designing effective therapies targeting molecules involved invasion olfaction. Conclusion wide complex spectrum mediates reflects ways can be therapeutically managed.

Language: Английский

Citations

5
New evidence suggests SARS-CoV-2 neuroinvasion along the nervus terminalis rather than the olfactory pathway DOI
Christopher S. von Bartheld, Rafał Butowt

Acta Neuropathologica, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 147(1)

Published: Jan. 6, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Timing and cause of olfactory deciliation in COVID-19 DOI
Rafał Butowt, Christopher S. von Bartheld

Physiological Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 104(2), P. 589 - 590

Published: Jan. 11, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Persistent COVID-19 parosmia and olfactory loss post olfactory training: randomized clinical trial comparing central and peripheral-acting therapeutics DOI Creative Commons
Elena Cantone,

Luca D’Ascanio,

Pietro De Luca

et al.

European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 281(7), P. 3671 - 3678

Published: March 16, 2024

Although COVID-19 anosmia is often transient, patients with persistent olfactory dysfunction (pOD) can experience refractory parosmia and diminished smell. This study evaluated four putative therapies for in chronic impairment.

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Translating insights into therapies for Long Covid DOI Open Access
Annukka A.R. Antar, Andrea L. Cox

Science Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(773)

Published: Nov. 13, 2024

Long Covid is defined by a wide range of symptoms that persist after the acute phase severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Commonly reported include fatigue, weakness, postexertional malaise, and cognitive dysfunction, with many other reported. Symptom range, duration, severity are highly variable partially overlap myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue post-acute infectious syndromes, highlighting opportunities to define shared mechanisms pathogenesis. Potential diverse, including persistence viral reservoirs, dysregulated immune responses, direct damage tissues targeted SARS-CoV-2, inflammation driven reactivation latent infections, vascular endothelium activation or subsequent thromboinflammation, autoimmunity, metabolic derangements, microglial activation, microbiota dysbiosis. The heterogeneity baseline characteristics people Covid, as well varying states immunity therapies given at time infection, have made etiologies difficult determine. Here, we examine progress on preclinical models for review being in clinical trials, need large human studies further development better understand Covid. Such will inform trials treatments benefit those living this condition.

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Post COVID-19 and Long COVID Symptoms in Otorhinolaryngology—A Narrative Review DOI Open Access
Orlando Guntinas‐Lichius,

Thomas Bitter,

Robert P. Takes

et al.

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(2), P. 506 - 506

Published: Jan. 14, 2025

Post/Long COVID (syndrome) is defined as a condition with symptoms persisting for more than 12 weeks after the onset of SARS-CoV-2 infection that cannot be explained otherwise. The prevalence self-reported otorhinolaryngological high. aim this review was to analyze current literature regarding actual prevalence, knowledge etiopathology, and evidence-based treatment recommendations otorhinolaryngology-related symptoms. A systematic search articles published since 2019 in PubMed ScienceDirect performed resulted 108 articles. These were basis formed comprehensive series consented therapy statements on most important Otorhinolaryngological did not appear isolated but part multi-organ syndrome. Self-reported often confirmed by objective testing. estimated anosmia, dysgeusia, cough, facial palsy, hoarseness/dysphonia, acute hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo/dizziness about 4%, 2%, 4-19%, 0%, 17-20%, 8%, 20%, 5-26%, respectively. There are manifold theoretical concepts etiopathology different symptoms, there no clear proof. This certainly contributes fact effective specific option any mentioned. Healthcare pathways must established so can recognized evaluated otorhinolaryngologists provide counseling. would also help establish selectively include patients clinical trials investigating therapeutic concepts.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Serotonergic psychedelics as potential therapeutics for post-COVID-19 syndrome (or Long COVID): A comprehensive review DOI
Zhen Xuen Brandon Low, Shin Jie Yong, Hayam Ali AlRasheed

et al.

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 111279 - 111279

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0