CAR-T cell therapy: developments, challenges and expanded applications from cancer to autoimmunity

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Jan. 9, 2025

Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has rapidly emerged as a groundbreaking approach in cancer treatment, particularly for hematologic malignancies. However, the application of CAR-T solid tumors remains challenging. This review summarized development technologies, emphasized challenges and solutions tumors. Also, key innovations were discussed including specialized CAR-T, combination therapies novel use CAR-Treg, CAR-NK CAR-M cells. Besides, CAR-based have extended its reach beyond oncology to autoimmune disorders. We reviewed preclinical experiments clinical trials involving Car-Treg CAAR-T various diseases. By highlighting these cutting-edge developments, this underscores transformative potential CAR technologies practice.

Language: Английский

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Diversity and function of regulatory T cells in health and autoimmune diseases

Journal of Autoimmunity, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 151, P. 103357 - 103357

Published: Jan. 12, 2025

Language: Английский

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Strategies to enhance CAR-T persistence

Biomarker Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: Nov. 23, 2022

Abstract Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy has significantly improved the life expectancy for patients with refractory or relapse B lymphoma. As acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), although primary response rate is promising, high incidence of early caused modest long-term survival CAR-T alone. One main challenges limited persistence cells. To further optimize clinical effects cells, many studies have focused on modifying CAR structure and regulating differentiation. In this review, we focus summarize latest progress strategies adopted during in vitro culture stage to immunotherapy by improving persistence. Such include choosing a suitable source, conditions, combining cells conventional drugs, applying genetic manipulations, all which may improve hematologic malignancies reducing probability recurrence after infusion provide clues solid tumor development.

Language: Английский

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Targeted modulation of gut microbiota by traditional Chinese medicine and natural products for liver disease therapy

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Feb. 2, 2023

The gut microbiota not only constitutes intestinal microenvironment homeostasis and human health but also exerts indispensable roles in the occurrence progression of multiple liver diseases, including alcohol-related disease, nonalcoholic fatty autoimmune disease cancer. Given therapeutic status these their prevention early therapy are crucial, detailed mechanism urgently needs to be explored. Meanwhile, studies have shown that various traditional Chinese medicines, such as Si Miao Formula, Jiangzhi Granules, Liushen Capsules, Chaihu-Shugan Power, Cassiae Semen Gynostemma, well some natural products, Costunolide, Coprinus comatus polysaccharide, Antarctic krill oil, Oridonin Berberine, can repair injury, improve liver, regulate immunity, even inhibit cancer through targets, links, pathways. Intriguingly, aforementioned effects demonstrated by medicines products been closely related microbiota, directly driving strategy one breakthroughs treatment diseases. Based on this, this review comprehensively summarizes discusses characteristics, functions potential mechanisms targeting during treatment. Research regulatory medicine provides novel insights significant references for developing strategies. In parallel, explorations will enhance comprehension modulating treatment, thus facilitating clinical investigation application.

Language: Английский

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New cell sources for CAR-based immunotherapy

Biomarker Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: May 6, 2023

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy, in which a patient's own lymphocytes are engineered to recognize and kill cancer cells, has achieved striking success some hematological malignancies preclinical clinical trials, resulting six FDA-approved CAR-T products currently available the market. Despite impressive outcomes, concerns about treatment failure associated with low efficacy or high cytotoxicity of cells remain. While main focus been on improving exploring alternative cellular sources for CAR generation garnered growing interest. In current review, we comprehensively evaluated other rather than conventional generation.

Language: Английский

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Advances in research on immunocyte iron metabolism, ferroptosis, and their regulatory roles in autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases

Cell Death and Disease, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(7)

Published: July 4, 2024

Abstract Autoimmune diseases commonly affect various systems, but their etiology and pathogenesis remain unclear. Currently, increasing research has highlighted the role of ferroptosis in immune regulation, with cells being a crucial component body’s system. This review provides an overview discusses relationship between ferroptosis, programmed cell death cells, autoimmune diseases. Additionally, it summarizes key targets such as GPX4 TFR, responses. Furthermore, release multiple molecules, including damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), following by is examined, these molecules further influence differentiation function thereby affecting occurrence progression Moreover, secrete factors or metabolites, which also impact target organs tissues involved Iron chelators, chloroquine its derivatives, antioxidants, calreticulin have been demonstrated to be effective animal studies for certain diseases, exerting anti-inflammatory immunomodulatory effects. Finally, brief summary future perspectives on are provided, aiming guide disease treatment strategies.

Language: Английский

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Beyond FOXP3: a 20-year journey unravelling human regulatory T-cell heterogeneity

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Jan. 12, 2024

The initial idea of a distinct group T-cells responsible for suppressing immune responses was first postulated half century ago. However, it is only in the last three decades that we have identified what now term regulatory (Tregs), and subsequently elucidated crystallized our understanding them. Human Tregs emerged as essential to tolerance prevention autoimmune diseases are typically contemporaneously characterized by their CD3 + CD4 CD25 high CD127 low FOXP3 phenotype. It important note exhibit substantial diversity origin, phenotypic characteristics, function. Identifying reliable markers crucial accurate identification, quantification, assessment health disease, well enrichment expansion viable cells adoptive cell therapy. In comprehensive review, address contributions various two since master transcriptional factor establishing enriching purity, lineage stability, tissue homing suppressive proficiency Tregs. Additionally, review delves into recent breakthroughs innovative Treg-based therapies, underscoring significance therapeutic utilization. Understanding Treg subsets holds key effectively harnessing human immunotherapeutic approaches.

Language: Английский

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Regulatory T cell: a double-edged sword from metabolic-dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis to hepatocellular carcinoma

EBioMedicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 101, P. 105031 - 105031

Published: Feb. 23, 2024

Metabolic-dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is becoming a leading cause of end-stage globally. steatohepatitis (MASH) represents progressive inflammatory manifestation MASLD. MASH underlies versatile and dynamic microenvironment, accompanied by aberrant metabolism ongoing regeneration, establishing itself as significant risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The mechanisms underlying the escape survival malignant cells within extensive microenvironment remain elusive. Regulatory T (Tregs) play crucial role in maintaining homeostasis preventing excessive immune responses liver. Paradoxically, Tregs have been implicated inhibiting tumour-promoting inflammation facilitating evasion cancer cells. Recent studies unveiled distinct behaviours at different stages MASLD, suggesting dual pathogenesis. In this review, we explore fate from MASLD to HCC, offering recent insights into potential targets clinical intervention.

Language: Английский

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Adoptive cell therapy for solid tumors beyond CAR-T: Current challenges and emerging therapeutic advances

Journal of Controlled Release, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 368, P. 372 - 396

Published: March 6, 2024

Language: Английский

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Immune regulation and therapeutic application of T regulatory cells in liver diseases

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: March 20, 2024

CD4 + CD25 FOXP3 T regulatory cells (Tregs) are a subset of the immunomodulatory cell population that can inhibit both innate and adaptive immunity by various mechanisms. In hepatic microenvironment, proliferation, plasticity, migration, function Tregs interrelated to remaining immune their secreted cytokines chemokines. normal conditions, protect liver from inflammatory auto-immune responses, while disruption this crosstalk between other may result in progression chronic diseases development malignancy. review, we analyze deviance protective nature response inflammation its involvement inducing fibrosis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma. We will also provide detailed emphasis on relevance as an effective immunotherapeutic option for autoimmune diseases, transplantation, including cancer.

Language: Английский

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