Are “mystical experiences” essential for antidepressant actions of ketamine and the classic psychedelics?

European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 27, 2024

The growing interest in the rapid and sustained antidepressant effects of dissociative anesthetic ketamine classic psychedelics, such as psilocybin, is remarkable. However, both psychedelics are known to induce acute mystical experiences; can cause symptoms out-of-body experience, while typically bring about hallucinogenic experiences, like a profound sense unity with universe or nature. role these experiences enhancing outcomes for patients depression currently an area ongoing investigation debate. Clinical studies have shown that following administration (S)-ketamine (esketamine) not directly linked their properties. In contrast, potential (R)-ketamine (arketamine), thought lack side effects, has yet be conclusively proven large-scale clinical trials. Moreover, although activation serotonin 5-HT

Language: Английский

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Ketamine and its two enantiomers in anesthesiology and psychiatry: A historical review and future directions

Journal of Anesthesia and Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 3(3), P. 65 - 75

Published: July 11, 2024

Ketamine, a dissociative anesthetic, is widely utilized in both human and veterinary anesthesia. Its (S)-enantiomer, esketamine, similarly employed for anesthesia analgesia. The anesthetic effects of ketamine esketamine arise from their antagonism the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR). In field psychiatry, rapid-acting antidepressant properties severe depression have generated significant interest, resulting its increased off-label usage United States (U.S.). 2019, nasal spray received approval use U.S. Europe. However, concerns emerged regarding potential adverse effects, including long-term efficacy, addiction risks, suicide risk clinical settings. contrast, arketamine, (R)-enantiomer ketamine, exhibits superior longer-lasting rodent models depression, with fewer side compared to esketamine. Nevertheless, research on efficacy safety arketamine patients remains limited. This article provides concise exploration historical two enantiomers while also delving into future directions application these fields.

Language: Английский

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Exploring adverse events of Vilazodone: evidence from the FAERS database

BMC Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: May 16, 2024

Abstract Objective This study aims to conduct an exhaustive evaluation of Vilazodone's safety in clinical application and unearth the potential adverse event (AE) risks associated with its utilization based on FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database. Methods research employed data spanning from first quarter 2011 third 2023 FAERS Various signal detection methodologies, including Odds Ratio (ROR), Proportional (PRR), Bayesian Confidence Propagation Neural Network (BCPNN), Empirical Geometric Mean (EBGM), were utilized ascertain correlation between Vilazodone specific AEs. Results The compiled a total 17,439,268 reports drug AEs, out which 5,375 related Vilazodone. Through mining, 125 Preferred Terms (PTs) encompassing 27 Organ Classes (SOCs) identified. findings indicated higher prevalence among females patients within 45 65 age bracket. principal categories AEs included Psychiatric disorders, Nervous system Gastrointestinal prevalent incidents Diarrhoea, Nausea, Insomnia. Moreover, identified robust signals novel notably areas such as sleep disturbances (Sleep paralysis, Hypnagogic hallucination, Rapid eye movements abnormal, Sleep terror, Terminal insomnia, Tachyphrenia), sexual dysfunctions (Female orgasmic disorder, Orgasm Disturbance arousal, Spontaneous penile erection, Anorgasmia, Sexual dysfunction, Ejaculation delayed), other symptoms injuries (Electric shock sensation, Violence-related symptom, Gun shot wound). Conclusion Although presents positive prospect management MDD, discovery linked use, particularly newly dysfunctions, necessitates heightened vigilance clinicians.

Language: Английский

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Efficacy and safety of esketamine for perioperative depression in patients undergoing elective surgery: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Asian Journal of Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 95, P. 103997 - 103997

Published: March 11, 2024

Language: Английский

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Antidepressant effects of esketamine via the BDNF/AKT/mTOR pathway in mice with postpartum depression and their offspring

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 132, P. 110992 - 110992

Published: March 13, 2024

Language: Английский

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Role of oxidative phosphorylation in the antidepressant effects of arketamine via the vagus nerve-dependent spleen-brain axis

Neurobiology of Disease, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 199, P. 106573 - 106573

Published: June 18, 2024

Arketamine, the (R)-enantiomer of ketamine, exhibits antidepressant-like effects in mice, though precise molecular mechanisms remain elusive. It has been shown to reduce splenomegaly and depression-like behaviors chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) model depression. This study investigated whether spleen contributes arketamine CSDS model. We found that splenectomy significantly inhibited arketamine's CSDS-susceptible mice. RNA-sequencing analysis identified oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) pathway prefrontal cortex (PFC) as a key mediator splenectomy's impact on effects. Furthermore, oligomycin A, an inhibitor OXPHOS pathway, reversed suppressive Specific genes within pathways, such COX11, UQCR11 ATP5e, may contribute these inhibitory Notably, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, along with appears modulate Additionally, SRI-01138, agonist TGF-β1 receptor, alleviated Subdiaphragmatic vagotomy also counteracted These findings suggest PFC play significant roles arketamine, mediated through spleen-brain axis via vagus nerve.

Language: Английский

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Perioperative esketamine administration for prevention of postpartum depression after the cesarean section: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Journal of Affective Disorders, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 361, P. 564 - 580

Published: June 24, 2024

Language: Английский

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Effects of arketamine on depression-like behaviors and demyelination in mice exposed to chronic restrain stress: A role of transforming growth factor-β1

Journal of Affective Disorders, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 367, P. 745 - 755

Published: Sept. 3, 2024

Chronic restrain stress (CRS) induces depression-like behaviors and demyelination in the brain; however, relationship between these remains unclear. Arketamine, (R)-enantiomer of ketamine, has shown rapid antidepressant-like effects CRS-exposed mice. We examined whether arketamine can improve both brains Additionally, we investigated role transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) beneficial arketamine. A single dose (10 mg/kg) improved behavior corpus callosum Correlations were found this region. Furthermore, pretreatment with RepSox, an inhibitor TGF-β1 receptor, significantly blocked on Finally, a intranasal administration ameliorated The precise mechanisms by which contributes to remain These data suggest that CRS-induced may contribute behaviors, mitigate changes through TGF-β1-dependent mechanism.

Language: Английский

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Long-term follow-up of participants in ketamine clinical trials for mood disorders

Journal of Affective Disorders, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 357, P. 134 - 137

Published: April 22, 2024

Language: Английский

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Ketamine and its enantiomers for depression: a bibliometric analysis from 2000 to 2023

European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 25, 2024

Language: Английский

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