Caterpillars lack a resident gut microbiome

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 114(36), P. 9641 - 9646

Published: Aug. 22, 2017

Many animals are inhabited by microbial symbionts that influence their hosts' development, physiology, ecological interactions, and evolutionary diversification. However, firm evidence for the existence functional importance of resident microbiomes in larval Lepidoptera (caterpillars) is lacking, despite fact these insects enormously diverse, major agricultural pests, dominant herbivores many ecosystems. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing quantitative PCR, we characterized gut wild leaf-feeding caterpillars United States Costa Rica, representing 124 species from 15 families. Compared with other vertebrates assayed using same methods, microbes detected caterpillar guts were unusually low-density variable among individuals. Furthermore, abundance composition leaf-associated reflected feces consuming plants. Thus, ingested food present (although possibly dead or dormant) gut, but host-specific, largely absent. To test whether transient might still contribute to feeding conducted an experiment on field-collected model Manduca sexta Antibiotic suppression bacterial activity did not significantly affect weight gain, survival. The high pH, simple structure, fast transit times typify digestive physiology may prevent colonization. Moreover, host-encoded detoxification mechanisms likely render unnecessary herbivory. Caterpillars illustrate potential benefits independence symbionts, a lifestyle be widespread animals.

Language: Английский

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Symbiont Acquisition and Replacement as a Source of Ecological Innovation

Trends in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 25(5), P. 375 - 390

Published: March 21, 2017

Language: Английский

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The Microbiome of Animals: Implications for Conservation Biology

International Journal of Genomics, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 2016, P. 1 - 7

Published: Jan. 1, 2016

In recent years the human microbiome has become a growing area of research and it is becoming clear that humans plays an important role for health. Extensive now going into cataloging annotating functional microbiome. The ability to explore describe any species possible due new methods sequencing. These techniques allow comprehensive surveys composition nonmodel organisms which relatively little known. Some attention been paid insect including vectors pathogens veterinary importance, agricultural pests, model species. Together these studies suggest insects highly dependent on environment, species, populations affects fitness effects can have implications conservation management populations. Further, results are our understanding invasion nonnative responses pathogens, chemicals global climate change in present future.

Language: Английский

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Evolutionary and Ecological Consequences of Gut Microbial Communities

Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 50(1), P. 451 - 475

Published: Aug. 29, 2019

Animals are distinguished by having guts—organs that must extract nutrients from food yet also bar invasion pathogens. Most guts colonized nonpathogenic microorganisms, but the functions of these microbes, or even reasons why they occur in gut, vary widely among animals. Sometimes microorganisms have codiversified with hosts; sometimes live mostly elsewhere environment. Either way, gut often benefit hosts. Benefits may reflect evolutionary addiction, whereby hosts incorporate into normal developmental processes. But benefits include novel ecological capabilities; for example, many metazoan clades exist virtue communities enabling new dietary niches. immensely their dependence on lacking them entirely to using as obligate development, nutrition, protection. Many consequences can be ascribed microbial community processes and host's ability shape

Language: Английский

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Consumer‐driven nutrient dynamics in freshwater ecosystems: from individuals to ecosystems

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 92(4), P. 2003 - 2023

Published: Dec. 23, 2016

The role of animals in modulating nutrient cycling [hereafter, consumer-driven dynamics (CND)] has been accepted as an important influence on both community structure and ecosystem function aquatic systems. Yet there is great variability the CND across species ecosystems, causes this variation are not well understood. Here, we review synthesize mechanisms behind fresh waters. We reviewed 131 articles published between 1973 1 June 2015. rate new publications increased from 1.4 papers per year during 1973-2002 to 7.3 2003-2015. majority investigations North America with many concentrating fish. More recent studies have focused animal-mediated excretion rates relative demand indirect impacts (e.g. decomposition). identified several that levels biological organization. Factors affecting stoichiometric plasticity consumers, including body size, feeding history ontogeny, play determining impact individual consumers underlie stoichiometry time space. abiotic characteristics affect net processes by influencing consumer metabolic consumption excretion/egestion rates), non-CND supply nutrients demand. Furthermore, transformation transport elements populations communities also influences flow energy boundaries. This highlights shifts composition or biomass eco-evolutionary underpinnings can strong effects functional processes, yet these relatively unexplored aspects CND. Future research should evaluate value using traits conditions predict understand ecosystem-level temporal spatial scales. Moreover, work strive integrate knowledge disparate fields ecology environmental science, such physiology ecology, develop a comprehensive mechanistic understanding consumers. Comparative experimental testable hypotheses challenge current assumptions CND, homeostasis, needed assess significance among freshwater ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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Tritrophic Interactions: Microbe-Mediated Plant Effects on Insect Herbivores

Annual Review of Phytopathology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 55(1), P. 313 - 331

Published: June 7, 2017

It is becoming abundantly clear that the microbes associated with plants and insects can profoundly influence plant-insect interactions. Here, we focus on recent findings propose directions for future research involve microbe-induced changes to plant defenses nutritive quality as well consequences of these behavior fitness insect herbivores. Insect (herbivore parasitoid)-associated favor or improve by suppressing detoxifying defensive phytochemicals. Phytopathogens manipulate altering defense. Plant-beneficial promote growth nutritional phytochemical composition positively negatively fitness. Lastly, suggest entomopathogens have potential directly endophytes indirectly physiology.

Language: Английский

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Detoxifying symbiosis: microbe-mediated detoxification of phytotoxins and pesticides in insects

Natural Product Reports, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 35(5), P. 434 - 454

Published: Jan. 1, 2018

Symbiotic microorganisms degrade natural and artificial toxic compounds, confer toxin resistance on insect hosts.

Language: Английский

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The gut microbiota of insecticide-resistant insects houses insecticide-degrading bacteria: A potential source for biotechnological exploitation

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 12(3), P. e0174754 - e0174754

Published: March 30, 2017

The exploration of new niches for microorganisms capable degrading recalcitrant molecules is still required. We hypothesized the gut microbiota associated with insect-resistant lines carry pesticide bacteria, and predicted they bacteria selected to degrade pesticides were resistant to. isolated accessed pesticide-degrading capacity from fifth instars Spodoptera frugiperda strains lambda-cyhalothrin, deltamethrin, chlorpyrifos ethyl, spinosad lufenuron, using insecticide-selective media. Sixteen isolates belonging 10 phylotypes obtained, which four also susceptible strain. However, growth larvae strain was not obtained in any insecticide-based selective media tested. Growth affected by concentration insecticides media, all grew well up 40 μg/ml. insecticide-degrading assessed GC or LC-MS/MS analyses. In conclusion, S. are an excellent reservoir bioremediation potential. Moreover, gut-associated subjected selection pressure imposed on their hosts may influence metabolization insects.

Language: Английский

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Foliar-feeding insects acquire microbiomes from the soil rather than the host plant

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: March 19, 2019

Abstract Microbiomes of soils and plants are linked, but how this affects microbiomes aboveground herbivorous insects is unknown. We first generated plant-conditioned in field plots, then reared leaf-feeding caterpillars on dandelion grown these soils, assessed whether the were attributed to conditioned soil or microbiome. kept intact differed from those fed detached leaves collected growing same soil. relatively simple resembled leaf microbiomes, while more diverse microbiomes. Plant-mediated changes not reflected phytobiome detected caterpillar however, only when plants. Our results imply that insect depend effects can be transmitted feeding later other

Language: Английский

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Role of Insect Gut Microbiota in Pesticide Degradation: A Review

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: May 3, 2022

Insect pests cause significant agricultural and economic losses to crops worldwide due their destructive activities. Pesticides are designed be poisonous intentionally released into the environment combat menace caused by these noxious pests. To survive, insects can resist toxic substances introduced humans in form of pesticides. According recent findings, microbes that live insect as symbionts have recently been found protect hosts against toxins. Symbioses formed between various microbes, a defensive mechanism pathogens Insects’ guts provide unique conditions for microbial colonization, resident bacteria deliver numerous benefits hosts. Insects vary significantly reliance on gut basic functions. digestive tracts very different shape chemical properties, which big impact structure composition community. microbiota has contribute feeding, parasite pathogen protection, immune response modulation, pesticide breakdown. The current review will examine roles detoxification mechanisms behind development resistance better understand detoxifying agriculturally pest insects, we provided comprehensive information regarding role

Language: Английский

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