Interactions between polygenic scores and environments: Methodological and conceptual challenges

Published: May 26, 2020

Interest in the study of gene-environment interaction has recently grown due to sudden availability molecular genetic data—in particular, polygenic scores—in many long-running cohort studies. Identifying and estimating statistical interactions comes with several analytic inferential challenges; these challenges are heightened when used integrate observational genomic social science data. We articulate some key challenges, provide new perspectives on interactions, finally offer practical guidance for conducting research this area. Given well-powered scores, we anticipate a substantial increase testing between such scores environments. The issues discuss, if not properly addressed, may impact enduring scientific value

Language: Английский

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Polygenic and Polyenvironment Interplay in Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorder and Affective Psychosis; the EUGEI First Episode Study

Schizophrenia Bulletin, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 10, 2024

Abstract Background Multiple genetic and environmental risk factors play a role in the development of both schizophrenia-spectrum disorders affective psychoses. How they act combination is yet to be clarified. Methods We analyzed 573 first episode psychosis cases 1005 controls, European ancestry. Firstly, we tested whether association polygenic scores for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression (PRS-SZ, PRS-BD, PRS-D) with disorder differed when participants were stratified by exposure specific factors. Secondly, regression models including each PRS polyenvironmental measures, migration, paternal age, childhood adversity frequent cannabis use, run test potential polyenvironment interactions. Results In vs controls comparison, PRS-SZ was strongest predictor, having nominally larger effect nonexposed strong such as use (unexposed exposed OR 2.43 1.35, respectively) (3.04 1.74). relative contribution PRS-D appeared stronger those risk. No evidence interaction found between any score. Conclusions Our study supports an independent liability psychosis, consistent threshold model. Whereas seem mostly associated additive well-replicated factors, seems product cumulative insults alongside higher disorders.

Language: Английский

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Gene–environment interactions between HPA-axis genes and childhood maltreatment in depression: a systematic review

Acta Neuropsychiatrica, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 32(3), P. 111 - 121

Published: Jan. 6, 2020

Abstract Objective: Gene–environment (GxE) interactions may comprise an important part of the aetiology depression, and childhood maltreatment (CM), a significant stressor, has consistently been linked to depression. Hence, in this systematic review, we aimed investigate interaction between hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA-axis) genes CM Methods: We conducted literature search using Pubmed, Embase, PsychINFO databases adherence with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews Meta-Analyses guidelines. included studies investigating GxE HPA-axis [ Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ( ACE ), Arginine Vasopressin AVP Corticotrophin Releasing Hormone CRH Receptor 1 CRHR1 2 CRHR2 FK506 binding protein FKBP5 Nuclear subfamily 3 group C member NR3C1 NR3C2 )] Results: The identified 159 potentially relevant studies. Following screening, 138 these were excluded. Thus, 21 studies, total 51 single nucleotide polymorphisms, final study. most prevalent current study . Significant reported seven eight :rs110402 CM, five :rs1360780 CM. In summary, our results suggest possible CRHR1, FKBP5, , respectively. For remaining genes, no emerged. Conclusions: find that genetic variation four influence effects

Language: Английский

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Midlife Study of the Louisville Twins: Connecting Cognitive Development to Biological and Cognitive Aging

Behavior Genetics, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 50(2), P. 73 - 83

Published: Dec. 9, 2019

Language: Английский

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Investigating the mechanisms of G × SES interactions for education

Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 81, P. 100730 - 100730

Published: Sept. 15, 2022

Language: Английский

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Attachment security and how to get it

Social and Personality Psychology Compass, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 18(1)

Published: June 14, 2023

Abstract Attachment theory has become a dominant framework for understanding people's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors with respect to close relationships. People often want are motivated improve their personalities Can attachment orientations change across the lifespan? And if so, what facilitates change? Will insecure people stay insecurely attached life or is there hope The current review provides bird's eye view of research on how why in adulthood. We provide some descriptive information changes lifespan much this variation attributable early experiences. Then, we focus processes that thought engender attachment‐related over time. Finally, directions future help fill holes field's about they

Language: Английский

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Benefits of nuclear twin family models for estimating heritability: An investigation of 93 personality-relevant constructs using JASP

Personality Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5

Published: April 1, 2024

To disentangle genetic and environmental contributions to individual differences, classical twin models (CTMs) are predominantly used. Prior research revealed several conditions under which CTMs spawn biased heritability environmentality estimates, including the simultaneous relevance of nonadditive shared influences, presence assortative mating, passive gene-environment covariance. Nuclear family (NTFMs), adding information from parents twins, can handle these conditions. Little is known, however, on actual impact such considering empirical properties displayed by various personality-related phenotypes. The present study therefore investigated differences between NTFMs in terms error-adjusted across 93 personality-relevant constructs based data 636 pairs 320 parents. Overall, resulted significantly lower higher suggesting an overall overestimation CTMs. These trends pertained about two-thirds constructs, but reversely directed changes were detectable specific We discuss extent assumptions underlying might bias conclusions regarding personality demonstrate benefits NTFMs. Furthermore, we provide user tutorials for implementing open-source user-friendly statistical program JASP.

Language: Английский

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Associations between the broad autism phenotype, adult attachment, and relationship satisfaction among emerging adults

Personality and Individual Differences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 168, P. 110409 - 110409

Published: Sept. 24, 2020

Language: Английский

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Teachers' Perceptions about the Etiology of Intelligence and Learning Difficulties

International Journal of Educational Psychology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 8(2), P. 162 - 162

Published: June 24, 2019

The etiology of intelligence and learning difficulties are interpreted perceived in different ways within society. present study aims to explore the perceptions a sample n=501 Brazilian teachers regarding genetic environmental influences on difficulties. Using numerical scales, it was observed that importance ascribed by across both domains. A multiple choice items test revealed differences according gender, age, schooling, area knowledge, income, years experience, knowledge genetics, having studied genetics. Responses favouring explanations were associated with certain demographic factors while perception only environment affects various domains not any specific demographics.

Language: Английский

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Capturing Interactions, Correlations, Fits, and Transactions: A Person-Environment Relations Model

Published: May 26, 2020

To understand personality dynamics, processes, and functioning better, knowledge on the relations between persons environments needs to advance. First, this chapter outlines basic elements of (short-term ℙ as states long-term 𝕡 traits) 𝔼 for situations 𝕖 niches) along with their respective properties in a re-specified extended Lewinian formula. Second, generic Person-Environment Relations Model (PERM) is presented that specifies different important effect paths person, environment, outcome variables. Within PERM, four central types person-environment are distinguished subsequently discussed detail: interactions (person environment variables moderate each other’s effects outcomes), correlations concurrently associated), fits match other), transactions affect other across time). Here, fit either special pattern (involving an interaction) or correlation, respectively. Third, focusing ways which calibrate themselves towards other, navigation mechanisms systematized, emphasis how navigate environments. Lastly, suggestions recommendations future lines theory, methodology, empirical research provided.

Language: Английский

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