An Overview of Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation, and Neurodegenerative Diseases

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(11), P. 5938 - 5938

Published: May 25, 2022

Oxidative stress has been linked with a variety of diseases, being involved in the debut and/or progress several neurodegenerative disorders. This review intends to summarize some findings that correlate overproduction reactive oxygen species pathophysiology Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s Huntington’s and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. was also noted modify inflammatory response. Even though oxidative neuroinflammation are two totally different pathological events, they affect one another. Nonetheless, there still mechanisms need be understood regarding onset diseases order develop efficient therapies. As antioxidants means alter slow down symptoms these most common antioxidants, enzymatic as well non-enzymatic, have mentioned this paper therapeutic options for discussed

Language: Английский

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Focus on the Contribution of Oxidative Stress in Skin Aging

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(6), P. 1121 - 1121

Published: June 6, 2022

Skin aging is one of the most evident signs human aging. Modification skin during life span characterized by fine lines and wrinkling, loss elasticity volume, laxity, rough-textured appearance, pallor. In contrast, photoaged associated with uneven pigmentation (age spot) markedly wrinkled. At cellular molecular level, it consists multiple interconnected processes based on biochemical reactions, genetic programs, occurrence external stimulation. The principal perturbation in driving senescence alteration oxidative balance. chronological aging, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced mainly through metabolism adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation from glucose mitochondrial dysfunction, whereas extrinsic redox equilibrium caused environmental factors, such as ultraviolet radiation, pollution, cigarette smoking, inadequate nutrition. During process, stress attributed to both augmented ROS production reduced levels enzymatic non-enzymatic protectors. Apart appearance structural change, throughout gradually loses its natural functional characteristics regenerative potential. With immune system also undergoes manifested a ability counteract infections frequency autoimmune neoplastic diseases. This review proposes an update role clinical manifestation well mechanisms that underline this phenomenon sometimes accelerated factors.

Language: Английский

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ROS: Basic Concepts, Sources, Cellular Signaling, and its Implications in Aging Pathways

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 2022, P. 1 - 23

Published: Oct. 19, 2022

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are bioproducts of cellular metabolism. There is a range molecules with oxidizing properties known as ROS. Despite those being implied negatively in aging and numerous diseases, their key role signaling evident. ROS control several biological processes such inflammation, proliferation, cell death. The redox underlying these events one characteristic the new generation scientists aimed at defining environment. potential, which includes balance sources antioxidant system, implies an important target for understanding cells’ fate derived from signaling. In this review, we summarized chemical, balance, signaling, implications aging.

Language: Английский

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Harnessing the Power of Polyphenols: A New Frontier in Disease Prevention and Therapy

Pharmaceuticals, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(6), P. 692 - 692

Published: May 27, 2024

There are a wide variety of phytochemicals collectively known as polyphenols. Their structural diversity results in broad range characteristics and biological effects. Polyphenols can be found foods drinks, including fruits, cereals, tea, coffee. Studies both vitro vivo, well clinical trials, have shown that they possess potent antioxidant activities, numerous therapeutic effects, health advantages. Dietary polyphenols demonstrated the potential to prevent many problems, obesity, atherosclerosis, high blood sugar, diabetes, hypertension, cancer, neurological diseases. In this paper, protective effects mechanisms behind them investigated detail, citing most recent available literature. This review aims provide comprehensive overview current knowledge on role preventing managing chronic The cited publications derived from vitro, human-based studies trials. A more complete understanding these naturally occurring metabolites will pave way for development novel polyphenol-rich diet drug programs. This, turn, provides further evidence their benefits.

Language: Английский

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Inside the genome: understanding genetic influences on oxidative stress

Frontiers in Genetics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: June 25, 2024

Genetics is a key factor that governs the susceptibility to oxidative stress. In body, burden regulated by balance between prooxidant genes orchestrate processes produce oxidant species, while antioxidant aid those involved in scavenging these species. Together, two components maintaining body. Genetic variations can influence expression and activity of encoded proteins which then affect their efficiency regulating redox processes, thereby increasing risk This review studies single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) bear relevance stress exploring genes, such as XDH, CYBA, CYP1A1, PTGS2, NOS, MAO including SOD, CAT, GPX, GSS, GLUL, GSR, GSTM1, GSTM5, GSTP1, TXN HMOX1. Early identification individuals at increased possible from assessment sequence genes. Integrating genetic insights into management measures pave way for personalized medicine tailors’ healthcare approaches individual profiles. Effective along with routine quantification biological markers improve monitor treatment strategies, enhancing mitigation maintain cellular health promote longevity.

Language: Английский

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Rational Design of Nanozymes for Engineered Cascade Catalytic Cancer Therapy

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 27, 2025

Nanozymes have shown significant potential in cancer catalytic therapy by strategically catalyzing tumor-associated substances and metabolites into toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) situ, thereby inducing oxidative stress promoting cell death. However, within the complex tumor microenvironment (TME), rational design of nanozymes factors like activity, reaction substrates, TME itself significantly influence efficiency ROS generation. To address these limitations, recent research has focused on exploring that affect activity developing nanozyme-based cascade systems, which can trigger two or more processes tumors, producing therapeutic achieving efficient stable with minimal side effects. This area remarkable progress. Perspective provides a comprehensive overview nanozymes, covering their classification fundamentals. The regulation nanozyme strategies are discussed detail. Furthermore, representative paradigms for successful construction systems treatment summarized focus revealing underlying mechanisms. Finally, we current challenges future prospects development biomedical applications.

Language: Английский

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Biogenic synthesis of reduced graphene oxide from Ziziphus spina-christi (Christ’s thorn jujube) extracts for catalytic, antimicrobial, and antioxidant potentialities

Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 29(59), P. 89772 - 89787

Published: July 20, 2022

Abstract In the current work, various concentrations of aqueous extract Ziziphus spina-christi were employed for phytoreduction graphene oxide (GO). The green synthesized reduced (rGO) was characterized through UV-Vis spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) denoted presence numerous phytoconstituents including ketones, terpenoids, fatty acids, esters, flavonoids, which acted as reducing capping agents. obtained results indicated increase in rGO yield shape with increasing concentration. optimized instantaneously ~100% removed methylene blue (MB) from water at 5 mg L −1 . However, removal efficiency slightly declined to reach 73.55 65.1% 10 15 , respectively. A powerful antibacterial activity particularly against gram-negative bacteria a high concentration 2 × 8 CFU mL confirmed. Furthermore, demonstrated promising comparable antioxidant vitamin C DPPH free radical scavenging. While recorded 13.45 48.4%, attained 13.30 45.20% 12 50 μg

Language: Английский

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Understanding the Role of Free Radicals and Antioxidant Enzymes in Human Diseases

Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 24(10), P. 1265 - 1276

Published: Nov. 22, 2022

Abstract: Antioxidant enzymes being an integral part of the defense mechanism have a crucial role in cellular metabolism, essential for healthy growth and living cells. The main function is to scavenge degrade free radicals, reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitrogen (RNS). Endogenous antioxidant present mitochondria, cytosol, other parts participate capturing repairing oxidative damage system. Superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione are considered be first line especially important scavenging such as superoxide anion hydrogen peroxide. Numerous studies humans, well animal models, correlated reported about elevation enzymatic activity involved inhibiting controlling disease progression. Similarly, alterations due increase key progression diseases like cancer, atherosclerotic diseases, neurodegenerative Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, viral age-related ailments, etc. However, information enzymes, their specificity, radicals different oxidation process needs explored greater extent. This review focuses on our current understanding potential various great scope therapeutics against many dreadful diseases.

Language: Английский

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Fungal Endophytes: Microfactories of Novel Bioactive Compounds with Therapeutic Interventions; A Comprehensive Review on the Biotechnological Developments in the Field of Fungal Endophytic Biology over the Last Decade

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(7), P. 1038 - 1038

Published: June 25, 2023

The seminal discovery of paclitaxel from endophytic fungus Taxomyces andreanae was a milestone in recognizing the immense potential fungi as prolific producers bioactive secondary metabolites use medicine, agriculture, and food industries. Following paclitaxel, research community has intensified efforts to harness putative lead molecules with anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, cardio-protective, immunomodulatory properties. Endophytic have been valuable source compounds over last three decades. Compounds such taxol, podophyllotoxin, huperzine, camptothecin, resveratrol effectively isolated characterized after extraction fungi. These findings expanded applications medicine related fields. In present review, we systematically compile analyze several important derived fungi, encompassing period 2011 2022. Our systematic approach focuses on elucidating origins exploring structural diversity biological activities exhibited by these compounds, giving special emphasis pharmacological mechanism action certain compounds. We highlight tremendous alternate sources metabolites, implications for combating major global diseases. This underscores significant role that can play development novel therapeutic agents address challenges posed prevalent diseases worldwide.

Language: Английский

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From Obesity-Induced Low-Grade Inflammation to Lipotoxicity and Mitochondrial Dysfunction: Altered Multi-Crosstalk between Adipose Tissue and Metabolically Active Organs

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(6), P. 1172 - 1172

Published: May 29, 2023

Obesity is a major risk factor for several metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular and brain disorders. Growing evidence suggests the importance of inter-organ communication progression obesity subsequent onset related This review provides broad overview pathophysiological processes that from adipose tissue dysfunction leading to altered multi-tissue crosstalk relevant regulating energy homeostasis etiology obesity. First, comprehensive description role was reported. Then, attention turned toward unhealthy expansion tissue, low-grade inflammatory state, inflexibility, mitochondrial as root causes systemic alterations. In addition, short spot devoted iron deficiency in obese conditions hepcidin–ferroportin relationship management this issue. Finally, different classes bioactive food components were described with perspective enhance their potential preventive therapeutic use against obesity-related diseases.

Language: Английский

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