Ash (Fraxinus spp.) mortality, regeneration, and seed bank dynamics in mixed hardwood forests following invasion by emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis)

Biological Invasions, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 16(4), P. 859 - 873

Published: Aug. 29, 2013

Language: Английский

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Modeling when, where, and how to manage a forest epidemic, motivated by sudden oak death in California

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 113(20), P. 5640 - 5645

Published: May 2, 2016

Significance We use sudden oak death in California to illustrate how mathematical modeling can be used optimize control of established epidemics invading pathogens complex heterogeneous landscapes. our statewide model—which has been parameterized pathogen spread data—to address a number broadly applicable questions. How quickly must management start? When is an epidemic too large prevent further effectively? should local treatment deployed? does this depend on the budget and level risk aversion? Where targeted? expenditure balanced detection treatment? What if changes over time? The underlying principles are important for all plant disease natural ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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Temperature-driven range expansion of an irruptive insect heightened by weakly coevolved plant defenses

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2012, Volume and Issue: 110(6), P. 2193 - 2198

Published: Dec. 31, 2012

Warming climate has increased access of native bark beetles to high-elevation pines that historically received only intermittent exposure these tree-killing herbivores. Here we show a dominant, relatively naïve, species, whitebark pine, inferior defenses against mountain pine beetle compared with its historical lower-elevation host, lodgepole pine. Lodgepole respond by exuding more resin and accumulating higher concentrations toxic monoterpenes than where they co-occur. Furthermore, the chemical composition appears less able inhibit pheromonal communication use jointly overcome tree defenses. Despite pine’s defenses, were likely attack their host in mixed stands. This finding suggests there been insufficient sustained contact for alter complex behavioral mechanisms driving preference. In no-choice assays, however, readily entered tunneled both hosts equally, stands containing attacks on increased. High-elevation trees pure may thus be particularly vulnerable temperature-driven range expansions. Predators competitors attracted volatiles from herbivores attacking further increasing risk coevolved systems. Our results suggest cold temperatures provided sufficient barrier allocate resources other physiological processes besides defense. Changing reduce viability evolutionary strategy, life histories seem unlikely foster rapid counter adaptation. Consequences extend reduced food supplies endangered grizzly bears altered landscape hydrological processes.

Language: Английский

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Factors affecting the survival of ash (Fraxinus spp.) trees infested by emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis)

Biological Invasions, Journal Year: 2012, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 371 - 383

Published: Aug. 8, 2012

Language: Английский

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Effectiveness of the International Phytosanitary Standard ISPM No. 15 on Reducing Wood Borer Infestation Rates in Wood Packaging Material Entering the United States

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 9(5), P. e96611 - e96611

Published: May 14, 2014

Numerous bark- and wood-infesting insects have been introduced to new countries by international trade where some caused severe environmental economic damage. Wood packaging material (WPM), such as pallets, is one of the high risk pathways for introduction wood pests. International recognition this resulted in adoption Standards Phytosanitary Measures No. 15 (ISPM15) 2002, which provides treatment standards WPM used trade. ISPM15 was originally developed members Plant Protection Convention “practically eliminate” transport most bark pests via WPM. The United States (US) implemented three phases during 2005–2006. We compared pest interception rates inspected at US ports before after implementation using Department Agriculture AQIM (Agriculture Quarantine Inspection Monitoring) database. Analyses records from 2003–2009 indicated that infestation declined 36–52% following implementation, with results varying statistical significance depending on selected starting parameters. Power analyses data there least a 95% chance detecting statistically significant reduction if they dropped 90% post-ISPM15, but probability fell impact lessened. discuss several factors could reduced apparent lowering levels, suggest ways be improved. paucity impeded our ability conduct more thorough ISPM15, demonstrates need well-planned sampling programs major phytosanitary policies so their effectiveness can assessed. also present summary wood-boring intercepted 1984–2008.

Language: Английский

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Eradication of Invading Insect Populations: From Concepts to Applications

Annual Review of Entomology, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 61(1), P. 335 - 352

Published: Dec. 15, 2015

Eradication is the deliberate elimination of a species from an area. Given that international quarantine measures can never be 100% effective, surveillance for newly arrived populations nonnative coupled with their eradication represents important strategy excluding potentially damaging insect species. Historically, efforts have not always been successful and sometimes met public opposition. But new developments in our understanding dynamics low-density populations, availability highly effective treatment tactics, bioeconomic analyses strategies offer opportunities developing more programs. A key component connects these harnessing Allee effects, which naturally promote localized extinction. Here we review suggest how research might enhance strategies.

Language: Английский

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North American arthropods at risk due to widespread Fraxinus mortality caused by the Alien Emerald ash borer

Biological Invasions, Journal Year: 2009, Volume and Issue: 12(6), P. 1839 - 1846

Published: Oct. 15, 2009

Language: Английский

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Cellulose-degrading bacteria associated with the invasive woodwasp Sirex noctilio

The ISME Journal, Journal Year: 2011, Volume and Issue: 5(8), P. 1323 - 1331

Published: March 3, 2011

Language: Английский

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Multi-year ecosystem response to hemlock woolly adelgid infestation in southern New England forests

Canadian Journal of Forest Research, Journal Year: 2008, Volume and Issue: 38(4), P. 834 - 843

Published: April 1, 2008

The introduced hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA) ( Adelges tsugae Annand) has generated widespread tree decline and substantial mortality of eastern Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière) throughout the United States. To assess magnitude ecosystem response to this disturbance, we conducted a multi-year study forests with without damage from HWA. Infested had significantly higher HWA-induced foliar loss lower forest floor C:N ratios soil organic matter than uninfested forests. There were no significant temperature differences among stand types, although infested stands did have moisture stands. Net nitrification net N mineralization rates in versus by second third year study, respectively. In addition, total pools resin bag capture NH 4 NO 3 study. Increases likely due combination factors including enhanced decomposition, reduced uptake water declining trees, sparse understory vegetation, N-enriched throughfall canopies. These results confirm that invasive pests can initiate changes function soon after infestation occurs, prior overstory or reorganization.

Language: Английский

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Challenges facing gap-based silviculture and possible solutions for mesic northern forests in North America

Forestry An International Journal of Forest Research, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 90(1), P. 4 - 17

Published: July 6, 2016

Gap-based silvicultural systems were developed under the assumption that richness, and diversity of tree species other biota positively respond to variation in size harvest-created canopy gaps. However, varying gap alone often does not meet objectives broader goals address contemporary forest conditions. Recent research highlights need consider site factors history, natural disturbance models, within-gap structure recruitment requirements addition light resources for desired diversity. This synthesis brings together developments ecological literature on gap-based management, highlighting interactions with such as microsite conditions, non-tree vegetation more. We pose a revised concept managers researchers use prescriptions studies focused integrated overstory understory manipulations increase structural complexity within around openings.

Language: Английский

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