Emerald Ash Borer Invasion of North America: History, Biology, Ecology, Impacts, and Management

Annual Review of Entomology, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 59(1), P. 13 - 30

Published: Oct. 10, 2013

Since its accidental introduction from Asia, emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), has killed millions of trees in North America. As it continues to spread, could functionally extirpate with devastating economic and ecological impacts. Little was known about EAB when first discovered America 2002, but substantial advances understanding biology, ecology, management have occurred since. Ash species indigenous China are generally resistant may eventually provide resistance genes for introgression into American species. is characterized by stratified dispersal resulting natural human-assisted effort been devoted the development survey methods. Early eradication efforts were abandoned largely because difficulty detecting delineating infestations. Current focused on biological control, insecticide protection high-value trees, integrated slow mortality.

Language: Английский

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Bark and wood boring insects involved in oak declines in Europe: Current knowledge and future prospects in a context of climate change

Forest Ecology and Management, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 328, P. 79 - 93

Published: June 7, 2014

Language: Английский

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Progress and Challenges of Protecting North American Ash Trees from the Emerald Ash Borer Using Biological Control

Forests, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 9(3), P. 142 - 142

Published: March 15, 2018

After emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, was discovered in the United States, a classical biological control program initiated against this destructive pest of trees (Fraxinus spp.). This biocontrol began 2007 after federal regulatory agencies and state Michigan approved release three EAB parasitoid species from China: Tetrastichus planipennisi Yang (Eulophidae), Spathius agrili (Braconidae), Oobius Zhang Huang (Encyrtidae). A fourth parasitoid, galinae Belokobylskij (Braconidae) Russia, for 2015. We review rationale ecological premises program, then report on progress North American recovery southern Michigan, where parasitoids were first released. also identify challenges to conserving native Fraxinus using aftermath invasion, provide suggestions improvements as spreads throughout America. conclude that more work is needed to: (1) evaluate establishment impact agents different climate zones; (2) determine combined effect host plant resistance or tolerance regeneration species; (3) expand foreign exploration natural enemies Asia.

Language: Английский

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Ecological Impacts of Emerald Ash Borer in Forests at the Epicenter of the Invasion in North America

Forests, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 9(5), P. 250 - 250

Published: May 5, 2018

We review research on ecological impacts of emerald ash borer (EAB)-induced mortality in the Upper Huron River watershed southeast Michigan near epicenter invasion North America, where forests have been impacted longer than any others America. By 2009, green, white, and black exceeded 99%, seed production regeneration had ceased. This left an orphaned cohort saplings too small to be infested, fate which may depend ability natural enemies regulate EAB populations at low densities. There was no relationship between patterns density, importance, or community composition. Most trees died over a five-year period, resulting relatively simultaneous, widespread gap formation. Disturbance from formation accumulation coarse woody debris caused by cascading forest communities, including successional trajectories, growth non-native invasive plants, soil dwelling herbivorous arthropod bird foraging behavior, abundance, These other ecosystems are likely experienced elsewhere as continues spread.

Language: Английский

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Ongoing regeneration of ash and co-occurring species 20 years following invasion by emerald ash borer

Forest Ecology and Management, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 580, P. 122546 - 122546

Published: Feb. 2, 2025

Language: Английский

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Progress and gaps in understanding mechanisms of ash tree resistance to emerald ash borer, a model for wood‐boring insects that kill angiosperms

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 209(1), P. 63 - 79

Published: Aug. 13, 2015

Summary We review the literature on host resistance of ash to emerald borer (EAB, Agrilus planipennis ), an invasive species that causes widespread mortality ash. Manchurian ( Fraxinus mandshurica which coevolved with EAB, is more resistant than evolutionarily naïve North American and European congeners. was less preferred for adult feeding oviposition susceptible hosts, larval feeding, had higher constitutive concentrations bark lignans, coumarins, proline, tyramine defensive proteins, characterized by faster oxidation phenolics. Consistent EAB being a secondary colonizer drought stress decreased ash, but no effect phenolics, suggesting they do not contribute increased susceptibility in response stress. The induced exogenous application methyl jasmonate associated verbascoside, lignin and/or trypsin inhibitors, survival growth bioassays. This finding suggests these inherently possess latent defenses are naturally colonization, perhaps because fail recognize cues or respond quickly enough. Finally, we propose future research directions would address some critical knowledge gaps. Contents 63 I. Introduction 64 II. Emerald life cycle range III. Mechanisms 65 IV. Nutritional quality primary metabolites 71 V. Conclusions 72 Acknowledgements 75 References

Language: Английский

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Ashes in Europe are in danger: the invasive range of Agrilus planipennis in European Russia is expanding

Biological Invasions, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 16(7), P. 1345 - 1349

Published: Oct. 28, 2013

Language: Английский

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Impacts of Insect Herbivores on Plant Populations

Annual Review of Entomology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 62(1), P. 207 - 230

Published: Nov. 4, 2016

Apparent feeding damage by insects on plants is often slight. Thus, the influences of insect herbivores plant populations are likely minor. The role host-plant can be elucidated via several methods: stage-structured life tables manipulated herbivore exclusion and seed-addition experiments, tests enemy release hypothesis, studies effects accidentally intentionally introduced herbivores, observations impacts species that show outbreak population dynamics. These approaches demonstrate some, but not all, influence densities. At times, insect-feeding kills plants, more often, it reduces size, growth, seed production. Plant for which germination site limited will respond at level to reduced Insect rare need considered in conservation programs. Alterations due climate change distributions indicate possibility new host plants. Long-term required if density-related behavior stabilizes or environmental variation drives most temporal fluctuations Finally, communities through changing diversity nonhost species, modifying nutrient fluxes, rejuvenating over mature forests.

Language: Английский

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Distribution, impact and rate of spread of emerald ash borer Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in the Moscow region of Russia

Forestry An International Journal of Forest Research, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 86(5), P. 515 - 522

Published: Sept. 24, 2013

Surveys of ash trees along the major motorway routes leading away from city Moscow during July 2013 indicated that emerald borer (Agrilus planipennis) was well established up to 235 km west and 220 south. Over last 4 years, beetle has spread in these directions at an average rate 30–41 year−1, which cannot be explained by natural dispersal alone implies human-assisted transport is contributing significantly pest, probably via hitchhiking adult beetles on vehicles. The European common (Fraxinus excelsior) uncommon boreal forests north, but those are present suggest this species not killed as rapidly A. planipennis North American it may need suffer a degree stress before succumbs infestation. Nevertheless, threat F. excelsior, south Moscow, where become broadleaved woodlands excelsior component, many suffering severe dieback mortality. abundance almost continuous distribution means now opportunity unhindered broad front other countries Europe.

Language: Английский

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Challenges, tactics and integrated management of emerald ash borer in North America

Forestry An International Journal of Forest Research, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 24, 2019

Abstract Emerald ash borer (EAB) (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire), discovered in southeastern Michigan, USA 2002, has become the most destructive and costly invasive forest insect North America. This phloem-boring beetle also invaded Moscow, Russia continued spread of EAB potentially threatens European (Fraxinus spp.) species. review summarizes life history, including interspecific variation host preference, invasion impacts challenges detecting new infestations provides an overview available management tactics. Advances systemic insecticides, particularly emamectin benzoate products applied via trunk injection, have yielded effective practical options both to protect individual trees slow population growth decline on area-wide basis without disrupting natural enemies. Economic costs treating are substantially lower than removal costs, retain ecosystem services provided by trees, reduce sociocultural conserve genetic diversity areas EAB. Girdled highly attractive adults low-density populations debarking small girdled locate larval galleries is detection method. An array woodpeckers, native parasitoids introduced attack stages but mortality variable. Area-wide strategies that integrate insecticide-treated trap biological control can be adapted for local conditions impacts.

Language: Английский

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